人教版英语八年级上册复习各单元知识点和练习

时光飞逝，八年级上学期的英语学习已近尾声。为了帮助同学们更好地梳理和巩固本学期所学知识，查漏补缺，为后续学习打下坚实基础，笔者特撰写此文，对各单元的核心知识点进行系统回顾，并辅以针对性练习。希望同学们能结合自身情况，认真研习，争取在期末考试中取得理想成绩。第一单元：Wheredidyougoonvacation?单元主题：谈论过去的经历，核心语法为一般过去时。核心知识点：1.词汇：*表示动作的动词及短语：`go(went)`,`do(did)`,`visit(visited)`,`buy(bought)`,`taste(tasted)`,`have(had)agoodtime`,`goshopping`,`goswimming`,`take(took)photos`等。*形容词：`wonderful`,`fantastic`,`boring`,`terrible`,`delicious`,`expensive`,`cheap`等，用于描述经历和感受。*不定代词：`anyone`,`someone`,`everyone`,`noone`,`something`,`anything`,`everything`,`nothing`的用法。注意它们在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中的使用，以及作主语时谓语动词的单数形式。2.句型与语法：*一般过去时的陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其他。*一般过去时的一般疑问句及回答：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didn't.*例：Didyougowithanyone?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.*一般过去时的特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?*例：Wheredidshegoonvacation?*动词过去式的构成：规则变化（加-ed）和不规则变化（需重点记忆，如`go-went`,`do-did`,`see-saw`,`eat-ate`,`buy-bought`等）。巩固练习：1.词汇运用：用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。*She______(visit)hergrandparentslastSunday.*How______(be)yourschooltrip?Itwasgreat!2.句型转换：将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定/否定回答。*Heboughtsomethingspecialforhismother.*疑问句：______he__________________forhismother?*否定回答：No,____________.3.单项选择：*Myfather______anewcarlastmonth.A.buyB.buysC.boughtD.willbuy*—Didyougototheparkwith______?—Yes,Iwentwithmybrother.A.someoneB.anyoneC.nooneD.everyone第二单元：Howoftendoyouexercise?单元主题：谈论日常活动的频率，核心语法为一般现在时和频率副词/短语。核心知识点：1.词汇：*日常活动动词及短语：`exercise`,`run`,`swim`,`shop`,`read`,`watchTV`,`goonline`,`dohomework`,`helpwithhousework`等。*频率副词：`always`,`usually`,`often`,`sometimes`,`hardlyever`,`never`。*频率短语：`onceaweek`,`twiceamonth`,`threetimesaday`,`fourtimesayear`,`everyday`。*健康相关词汇：`junkfood`,`coffee`,`health`,`healthy`,`unhealthy`,`habit`。2.句型与语法：*询问频率：Howoftendo/does+主语+动词原形+...?*回答：主语+频率副词/短语+动词原形+...*例：—HowoftendoyouwatchTV?—IusuallywatchTVonweekends./IwatchTVtwiceaweek.*一般现在时的用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s/-es。*频率副词在句中的位置：通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。巩固练习：1.词汇运用：根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。*Mygrandfathere______everymorning,soheisveryhealthy.*Ih______e______eatjunkfoodbecauseit'sbadformyhealth.*—Howo______doesyourmothergoshopping?—Onceaweek.2.句型转换：对划线部分提问。*Tomplaysbasketballthreetimesaweek.*__________________Tom______basketball?3.用所给词的适当形式填空：*Sheusually______(read)booksintheevening.*Mybrother______(notdrink)coffee.He______(like)tea.*Howoften______yourparents______(go)tothemovies?第三单元：I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.单元主题：谈论人物特征的比较，核心语法为形容词和副词的比较级。核心知识点：1.词汇：*描述人物性格和外貌的形容词：`outgoing`,`funny`,`friendly`,`serious`,`shy`,`quiet`,`hard-working`,`smart`,`lazy`,`tall`,`short`,`thin`,`heavy`,`long`,`short`。*动词短语：`besimilarto`,`bedifferentfrom`,`careabout`,`makesb.laugh`,`aslongas`,`bringout`。2.句型与语法：*形容词比较级的构成：*规则变化：直接加-er(tall-taller)；以不发音的e结尾加-r(nice-nicer)；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-er(big-bigger)；以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er(happy-happier)。*不规则变化：`good/well-better`,`bad/badly-worse`,`many/much-more`,`little-less`,`far-farther/further`。*比较级句型：*A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B.(A比B更...)*例：TomistallerthanJim.*A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.(A做某事比B更...)*例：Sherunsfasterthanme.*表示两者中“较...的一个”：the+比较级+ofthetwo.*例：Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.*比较级前可用`much`,`alittle`,`alot`,`even`等词修饰，表示程度。*例：Thisstoryismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.*同级比较：as+形容词/副词原级+as(和...一样...)*例：Sheisasfriendlyashersister.巩固练习：1.写出下列形容词的比较级：*funny______*outgoing______*heavy______*good______2.用所给词的适当形式填空：*Mysisteris______(thin)thanme.*Thisbookis______(interesting)thanthatmagazine.*Hestudies______(hard)thanhisbrother,sohegetsbettergrades.3.句型转换：*Lucyis1.60meterstall.Lilyis1.65meterstall.(合并为一句，用比较级)Lilyis____________Lucy.4.单项选择：*—Whois______,TomorMike?—IthinkTomis.A.athleticB.moreathleticC.mostathleticD.themostathletic*Thissongis______popularthanthatone.A.muchB.manyC.muchmoreD.moremuch第四单元：What'sthebestmovietheater?单元主题：谈论事物的品质并进行比较，核心语法为形容词和副词的最高级。核心知识点：1.词汇：*场所名词：`movietheater`,`cinema`,`store`,`supermarket`,`restaurant`,`bank`,`hospital`。2.句型与语法：*形容词和副词最高级的构成：*规则变化：直接加-est(tall-tallest)；以不发音的e结尾加-st(nice-nicest)；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-est(big-biggest)；以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-est(happy-happiest)。*不规则变化：`good/well-best`,`bad/badly-worst`,`many/much-most`,`little-least`,`far-farthest/furthest`。*最高级句型：*A+be动词+the+形容词最高级+(名词)+in/of+范围.(A是...中最...的)*例：Thisisthebiggestappleinthebasket.*A+实义动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of+范围.(A在...中做某事最...)*例：Heruns(the)fastestinhisclass.*询问“最...的...”：What'sthe+形容词最高级+名词+in/of...?*例：What'sthebestmovietheaterintown?*序数词的使用：thefirst,thesecond,thethird...*例：WhichisthesecondlongestriverinChina?巩固练习：1.写出下列词的最高级：*bad______*close______*popular______*carefully______2.用所给词的适当形式填空：*Thisisthe______(good)giftIhaveeverreceived.*Whosingsthe______(beautifully)inyourschool?*TheYellowRiveristhesecond______(long)riverinChina.3.单项选择：*—What's______restaurantinyourcity?—IthinktheBlueSkyRestaurantis.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest*Heis______studentinourclass.A.themosthard-workingB.morehard-workingC.hard-workingestD.thehard-workingest第五单元：Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?单元主题：谈论电视节目类型及个人喜好，核心语法为动词不定式作宾语和情态动词can表能力/请求。核心知识点：1.词汇：*描述性形容词：`educational`,`meaningless`,`enjoyable`,`exciting`,`boring`,`relaxing`,`wonderful`,`famous`。*动词及短语：`watch`,`want`,`hope`,`plan`,`expect`,`stand`,`mind`,`happen`,`takeplace`,`findout`,`bereadyto`,`tryone'sbest`。2.句型与语法：*表达喜好与厌恶：*Ilove/like/enjoy...(我喜爱/喜欢/享受...)*Idon'tlike/mind...(我不喜欢/不介意...)*Ican'tstand...(我无法忍受...)*Idon'tmind...(我不介意...)*动词不定式`todo`作宾语：许多动词后可接不定式作宾语，如`wanttodosth.`,`hopetodosth.`,`plantodosth.`,`expecttodosth.`,`trytodosth.`,`decidetodosth.`。*例：Iwanttowatchamovietonight.*`Whatdoyouthinkof...?`(你认为...怎么样？)及其回答。*例：—Whatdoyouthinkofsoapoperas?—Ican'tstandthem.*`plantodosth.`(计划做某事)和`hopetodosth.`(希望做某事)。巩固练习：1.根据句意及首字母提示补全单词：*Myfatherlikeswatchingn______everyeveningtoknowwhat'shappeningaroundtheworld.*Ithinkthiscartoonisverye______,andchildrencanlearnalotfromit.*—Doyoum______openingthewindow?—Notatall.2.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：*Shehopes______(visit)theGreatWallnextyear.*Theyplan______(watch)atalentshowtonight.*Mybrotherwants______(be)anactorwhenhegrowsup.3.单项选择：*Ican'tstand______soapoperas.Theyaresoboring.A.watchB.watchingC.towatchD.watched*—Whatdoyouthinkofthetalkshow?—It's______.Ilearnalotfromit.A.meaninglessB.educationalC.boringD.terrible单元主题：谈论未来的计划和打算，核心语法为一般将来时(begoingto结构)。核心知识点：1.词汇：*动词及短语：`study`,`learn`,`practice`,`improve`,`takelessons`,`makearesolution`,`keepon`,`tryone'sbest`,`besureabout`,`makesure`。*其他：`resolution`,`promise`,`beginning`,`atthebeginningof`,`improvement`,`physical`,`hobby`。2.句型与语法：*`begoingto+动词原形`结构表