《物流专业英语》25《物流专业英语》Unit25Reverselogistics第三版新编

授课日期_______年___月___日授课教师授课专业/班级______专业______班级讲授单元Unit25单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程第一部分Section1本单元核心术语Coretermsreverselogistics逆向物流returneditems返回品，返品reuse再利用resale再销售recycle回收refusedisposal废弃物处置defectiveproducts有缺陷产品shortfallintransit运输短少expiredproducts过期产品repeatedshipment重复运输第二部分Section2本单元核心概念CoreconceptsWhatisReverseLogistics?什么是逆向物流？Inanarrowsense,reverselogisticsistheprocessinwhichobsoleteproductsandvariousmaterialsareremade,regeneratedandrecycled.Thisincludessuchlogisticsactivitiesasreturnofproducts,replacementofmaterialsaswellasreuse,disposal,reprocessing,maintenanceandremakingofitems.从狭义上讲，逆向物流是指对已经废弃的产品和各种物料的再制造、再生及回收的过程，这包含了产品退回、物料替代以及物品再利用、废弃处理、再加工、维修与再制造等物流活动。课堂教学之——Step1

单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。课堂教学之——Step2

重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step3

难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step4

课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。Reverselogistics逆向物流Whatisreverselogistics?什么是逆向物流？

Thelogisticsweknowaboutnormallyrefersto“forwardlogistics”inwhichtheproductflowsfrommanufacturertouser.Howeveracompletesupplychainshouldalsoincludereverselogistics.Ifwesayforwardlogisticsisthemovementofproductfrommanufacturertoconsumer,thenreverselogisticsisthemovementofproductontheoppositedirection,i.e.fromconsumerbacktomanufacturer.我们通常所说的物流都是指“正向物流”，即产品由生产厂家向用户流动。但一个完整的供应链也应该包括逆向物流。如果说正向物流是产品从制造厂家到消费者的流动，那么逆向物流就是产品的反向流动，即从消费者返回制造厂家。Inanarrowsense,reverselogisticsistheprocessinwhichobsoleteproductsandvariousmaterialsareremade,regeneratedandrecycled.Thisincludessuchlogisticsactivitiesasreturnofproducts,replacementofmaterialsaswellasreuse,disposal,reprocessing,maintenanceandremakingofitems.从狭义上讲，逆向物流是指对已经废弃的产品和各种物料的再制造、再生及回收的过程，这包含了产品退回、物料替代以及物品再利用、废弃处理、再加工、维修与再制造等物流活动。Whyshouldenterpriseshavehighregardforreverselogistics?为什么逆向物流受到企业的重视?Thereasonsthatreverselogisticsishighlyregardedareasfollows:逆向物流受到人们的重视的原因有：1.IncreasinglyshorterproductlifecycleInmanysectors,productlifecycleisgettingshorterandshorter,andthisinevitablyresultsinagreatnumberofproducts,packagingandvariousmaterialsbeingreturned,bywayofreverselogisticsactivities,forrehandling,remarketing,recyclinganddisposalofrefuse,thusincurringhighcostsofreverselogistics.

产品生命周期日益缩短在许多行业，产品生命周期正在变得越来越短，这不可避免地导致了大量的产品、包装及各种材料通过逆向物流活动而回收，用于再处理、再营销、再循环和废弃物处理，因而带来了高额的逆向物流成本。2.EmergenceofnewdistributionchannelsTheemergenceofnewdistributionchannelsoffersgreaterroomofchoicetoconsumers,whichaggravatedthecomplexityofreverselogistics.Largevolumesofreturnedgoodsaffecttheprofitofenterprisesandforcethemtobemoreconcernedaboutreverselogisticsactivities.其二，新的分销渠道的出现新分销渠道的出现给消费者带来了更大的选择余地,这就加重了逆向物流的复杂性。大量的退货会影响企业的利润，也迫使企业更多地关注逆向物流活动。

3.ConstraintsofenvironmentlegislationAspeoplearegettingmoreenvironment-conscious,therelatedlegislationisincreasinglyconcernedaboutthefinalliabilityoftheproduct.Enterprisesmustreadilyassumemoreresponsibilitiesonproductrecyclingtoavoidactionstakenbylegislators.其三，环保立法的约束随着人们环保意识的增强，相关法律也日益关注产品的最终责任问题，企业必须主动承担起更多回收产品的责任，以避免立法者采取行动。Whatarethemainactivitiesofreverselogistics?逆向物流有哪些主要活动？Supplier供应商Rawmaterials原材料Assemblyparts组装部件Packingmaterials包装材料Manufacturingparts制造零件Process过程Initialmanufacturing初始制造Remake再制造Maintenance维修Reuse再利用Resale再销售Recycle回收EndProduct最终产品Product产品Spareparts零件DistributionCenter配送中心RegionalDC

区域性DCLocalDC

本地DCRefusedisposal废弃物处理Burial掩埋Incineration焚化Forward正向物流LogisticsReverse逆向物流LogisticsCustomer客户Figure1Ademonstrationmodelofreverselogistics图1逆向物流示意图Reverselogisticsmainlyinvolvethefollowingfiveaspects:handlingofreturneditemsreuseresalerecycle,andrefusedisposal逆向物流活动主要涉及到以下五个方面：返品处理再利用再销售再循环，以及废弃物处理1)HandlingofreturneditemsInmanycases,reverselogisticsactivitiesaretriggeredbytheuser’sreturnofgoods.Generallyspeaking,customersanddealersreturngoodsmainlyforthefollowingreasons:1)返品处理：很多情况下,逆向物流活动是由于用户退货而引发的。一般而言，顾客和经销商的退货主要有下列原因：Returnofgoods,onceamajorsourceofconsumercomplaint,isnowprevalentinthebusinesssector.退货一度是消费者投诉的主要源头，现在成了商业界的普遍做法。Shortfallintransit:thewholeproduct,components,packing,etc.arelost;Repeatedshipment:deliveryarewronglyrepeatedforthesameorder;运输短少：遗失整个产品、部件、包装等；重复运输：同一订单错误地重复送货；Orderentryfaults:wrongproductsorquantityoccurwhentheorderisenteredmanually.Shortageofcomponents:Thepackagingisintactwhilefittingsaremissinginside.订单输入出错：人工输入订单时出现产品或数量错误；部件缺少：包装完好而内部配件缺少；Pilferage:Productisstoleninternallyorintransit.Defectiveproductsorqualityproblems:Customerordealercomplainsofproductthatdoesnotfunctionwell.偷盗：产品在内部或运输途中被盗；缺陷产品或质量问题：客户或经销商投诉产品无法正常运转；Expiredproducts:certainproducts,e.g.milk,areinvalidateduponexpiry.过期产品：某些产品，如牛奶，因过期而失效。2)ReuseReuseofproductmainlytargetspartsandcomponents.Theequipmentthathasreacheditslifespanarebrokendownintocomponentsandultimateparts;someofthemareingoodconditionandaredirectlyplacedinthesparepartswarehouseformaintenancepurpose,withoutneedforremakeandrepair.2)再利用：产品的再利用主要针对于零部件。将到达使用寿命的设备分解为部件和最终的零件。其中的部分零部件状态良好，被直接放置在零件仓库中供维修使用，无须重新制造和维修。Consumersandlegislatorsalikerequirethatenterprisesmakeseriouscommitmenttoenvironmentalprotection,forexample,throughmaterialsrecycling.消费者和立法者都要求企业对环境保护做出严肃的承诺，比如通过材料回收。3)ResaleResalecanbeperformedwithregardtoreturnedproductsingoodcondition.Someofthemmaybeunsoldproducts,somearereturnedbythecustomersafterpurchase(e.g.Itemsarepurchasedthroughmailordercatalogueandthenreturned.),andothersarereturnedafteruse.3)再销售：对于状态良好的返还产品，可以进行再次销售。有些返还产品可能是未售出的商品，有些是由顾客在购买之后退回的（例如通过邮购目录购买后退回的物品），另一些则是使用后退回的产品。

4)RecycleReturnedproductswhichcannotberepairedandresoldarefirstbrokendownintopartsandthenrecycled.4)再循环：将无法进行修理或者再销售的返还商品先分解成零件，然后再进行回收。5)RefusedisposalIfthereisnowayforreturnedproductstobehandled,theenterprisemustperformeitherburialorincinerationoperationtothereturnedproducts.5)废弃物处理：如果返回产品没有办法进行处理，企业就必须在垃圾场对回收产品进行掩埋处理，要么进行焚化。Thereverselogisticsactivities,afieldwhichcontainshugebusinessopportunities,deservetheattentionofallenterprises.Reverselogisticsisturningintoanedgetoolofcompetitionforoutstandingenterprises.Thestrategicpositionofreverselogisticsforenterprisesisunquestionable,particularlyinthecontextofglobalintegration.逆向物流活动是蕴藏着巨大商机的领域，值得所有企业关注。逆向物流正成为优秀企业的竞争利器。尤其是在全球一体化的背景下，逆向物流对于企业的战略地位已毋庸置疑。以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容课堂教学之——Step5

阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。ThereverselogisticssolutionsofHendersonAppliances亨德森电器公司的逆向物流解决方案HendersonCompany,ahomeappliancesdistributor,hasrecentlydevelopedanewreverselogisticssystem,withaviewtomanagingthereturnedproductsformitsmajordealers.Althoughsomeproductsaredamagedonthecustomers’side,themajordamagesstilloccurintransit.亨德森公司是一个家用电器商，最近开发了一套新的逆向物流系统，以管理其来自主要经销商的返品。尽管有一些产品是在顾客那里损坏的，但主要的损坏还是发生运送途中。Asanewelementofthereverselogisticssector,thecompanyhasdesignedanefficientinformationsystemforit,whichissomewhatlavishforthecompany.ThissystemhelpsHendersonlinkeachreturneditemfromthecustomertothedataoftheinitialorder.Withthedata,thecompany’sengineerscanassessthedefectsinmanufacturingsoastoimprovetheprocess.Packagingisevenredesignedtoblockthefutureemergenceofsubstandardproducts.作为逆向物流领域的一个新丁，公司为此设计了一个高效信息系统，这对公司来说多少有点奢侈。这个系统帮助亨德森公司将顾客的每一个返品都与初始订单的数据联系起来。公司的质量工程师利用这些数据来评定制造上的缺陷，以期改进流程，甚至重新设计包装以杜绝以后不合格产品的出现。WhatismostinterestinginthenewsystemisthatitallowsHendersontopracticedifferentiatedtreatmenttocustomersaccordingtothelong-termvaluetheyrespectivelycontribute.DealerswhomisuseHenderson’spolicyforreturnedproductswillsoonfindthattheycannotbutseekotherdistributors.在新系统中最有趣的是，它允许亨德森根据顾客各自所贡献的长期价值进行区别对待。滥用亨德森返品政策的经销商很快就会发现，它们不得不另寻供应商了。

Theultimateobjectiveofthecompanyistoeliminatereturnedproductswhichresultintransit,forthepercentageofsuchreturnsisextremelyhigh.Whendamagesoccurfromtimetotime,theengineerswillredesigntheproductpackagingtopreventthereoccurrenceofsimilarevents.公司的最终目标是消除运送途中造成的返品，因为这类返品的比率极高。例如，当损坏时常发生时，工程师就会重新设计产品包装以防止类似情况的再发生。Uponreceiptofthedamagedreturns,theproductengineerswillimmediatelylocatethedamagedspot,andcalculatethecostsofpartsandcomponents,aswellasthelabourexpensestorestoretheproducttoitsinitialcondition.收到损坏的返品后，产品工程师会立即定位损坏之处，并计算零部件的成本以及将产品修复到初始状态所需耗费的劳动。Forinstance,whenarefrigeratorisoutofusethankstoadamagedbottomplate,theengineerwillatoncecalculatehowmuchexpenseitneedstoreplacetheplatebeforeputtingittofreshuse.Onthebasisoftheabove-mentionedrepaircost,Hendersonworkedoutgeneralprinciplesonwhethertheapplianceneedstoberepaired,orsoldinthesecondhandmarket,orbrokendownintospareparts.Inthisway,Hendersonisabletominimizeitsinventorycostsandensurethatthereturnedproductsgeneratemaximumincometothecompany.例如，当一个冰箱因为底板损坏而不能使用时，工程师马上计算要花费多少费用，才能更换掉底板并使它能够重新使用。基于以上的修复成本，亨德森制定了电器是需要修复、还是在二手市场销售、或者是拆成备件的一般原则。通过这种方式，亨德森能够最小化存货成本，并保证返品能够给公司带来最大收入。

课堂教学之——Step6

课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

Whatisreverselogistics?Inanarrowsense,reverselogisticsistheprocessinwhichobsoleteproductsandvariousmaterialsareremade,regeneratedandrecycled.Thisincludessuchlogisticsactivitiesasreturnofproducts,replacementofmaterialsaswellasreuse,disposal,reprocessing,maintenanceandremakingofitems.2)Whatarethemajoraspectsofreverselogistics?Reverselogisticsmainlyinvolvethefollowingfiveaspects:handlingofreturneditems,reuse,resale,recycle,andrefusedisposal.3)Whatarethemajorreasonsforreturnedgoodsbycustomersanddealers?Generallyspeaking,customersanddealersreturngoodsmainlyforthefollowingreasons:Shortfallintransit:thewholeproduct,components,packing,etc.arelost;Repeatedshipment:deliveryarewronglyrepeatedforthesameorder;Orderentryfaults:wrongproductsorquantityoccurwhentheorderisenteredmanually.Shortageofcomponents:Thepackagingisintactwhilefittingsaremissinginside.Pilferage:Productisstoleninternallyorintransit.Defectiveproductsorqualityproblems:Customerordealercomplainsofproductthatdoesnotfunctionwell.Expiredproducts:certainproducts,e.g.milk,areinvalidateduponexpiry.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:forwardlogisticsreverselogisticsobsoleteproductsregeneraterecyclereplacementofmaterialsdisposalreprocessingmaintenanceproductlifecycle