《物流专业英语》19《物流专业英语》Unit19Stockcontrol

授课日期_______年___月___日授课教师授课专业/班级______专业______班级讲授单元Unit19单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程第一部分Section1本单元核心术语Coretermswithfreeissue自由发放EOQ经济订购量（economicorderquantity)FIFO–先进先出(firstinfirstout)LIFO–后进先出(lastinfirstout)stockdeficiency库存不足stockexcess库存过剩第二部分Section2本单元核心概念CoreconceptsWhatisLIFO?什么是LIFO？LastinFirstOut(LIFO)isastockrotationpolicythatthemostrecentlyarriveditemisprocessedfirst.Astackimplementsthis.后进先出(简称LIFO)是一种库存循环政策，即,最近抵达的物品要先予以办理。堆放法就适于此。WhatisFIFO?什么是LIFO？FirstinFirstOut(FIFO)isastockrotationpolicythatitemsareprocessedinorderofarrival.Aqueueimplementsthis.先进先出(FIFO)是一种库存循环政策，即,物品按照入库的顺序来处理。排列法就适于此。课堂教学之——Step1

单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。课堂教学之——Step2

重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step3

难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step4

课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。Stockcontrol库存控制PolicyandfunctionofstockcontrolStockcontrolistodeterminewhichitemsarekeptinstockandwhatquantitiesofeacharestockedwithoutstockexcessorstockdeficiencies库存控制的策略和作用库存控制就是要确定哪些物品应入库存放,每种物品应有多大的数量入库，做到不出现库存过剩或库存短缺的情况。Theaimistoachieveabalancebetweenthetwoextremesoftoomuchortoolittlestock.其目的是在过多库存和过少库存的两个极端之间取得平衡。Holdingahighlevelofstockisasimplepolicytomanageandreducestheriskofstockouts.Moreover,byreducingtheneedforfrequentorders,italsoreducestheadministrativecostsofpurchasingstocks.However,itincreasesthestockholdingcosts.持有高水平的库存是管理和降低缺货风险的简单策略，此外，通过降低频繁下订单的必要，也降低了采购库存品的管理成本，然而，这却增加了库存持有成本。Ontheotherhand,holdingonlylowlevelsofstockisamoredifficultpolicytomanage.Thisispartlybecauseitreliesontimelydeliveriesbysuppliers.Italsoincreasesthenumberofordersthatacustomermustplacewithsuppliers,andthisinturnincreasestheadministrationtimeandcostsassociatedwithstock.However,itreducesthestockholdingcosts另一方面，仅持有低库存量则是更难掌控的策略，一部分原因是它依赖于供应商的及时供货，这还增加了客户必须向供应商所下订单的数量，而且还相应地增加了和库存相关联的管理时间和成本。然而，这却降低了库存持有成本。StockclassificationInordertomaximizeservicelevelswhilstminimizingcost,aprocessofstockclassificationisusedtosetstocklevels.ThisisnormallydoneonthebasisofParetoanalysisinconjunctionwithABCanalysis.库存分类为了在最小化成本的同时最大化服务水平，就要使用库存分类程序来确定库存量，这通常是基于佩瑞多分析法并结合ABC分析法来进行的。VilfredoPareto,a19thcenturyeconomist,observedthat80%ofItaly'swealthwasownedby20%ofthepopulation.Thisisoftenreferredtoasthe‘80/20rule’,meaningthat,insuchcases,80%oftheitemsinstocktypicallymakeuponly20%ofthetotalstockvalue,whiletheremaining20%of(high-value)itemsaccountfor80%ofthetotalstockvalue.19世纪的经济学家维尔弗雷多.帕雷多发现，意大利80%的财富由20%的人口所拥有。这个现象通常被称为“80/20法则”，意即在此类情况下，80%的库存品一般只占库存总值的20%，而剩余20%的(高价值)物品却占库存总值的80%.ABCanalysisdividesstockitemsintothreeclasses.Forexample:ABC分析法把库存品分为三类。如：ClassAitems:areapproximately20%ofinventorythataccountforapproximately80%ofthetotalstockvalue.ClassBitems:arethoseofmediumvalue,usuallythenext30%ofitemsofinventorythataccountforabout10%oftotalvalue.ClassCitems:arethoselowvalueitems,usuallyabout50%ofthetotalnumberofstockitemswhichwillonlyaccountforabout10%ofthetotalvalueofallinventory.A类物品：约为库存量的20%，约占库存总值的80%B类物品：属中等价值物品，通常占库存品种的30%，占约10%的库存总值C类物品：属低价值物品，通常占库存品总数量的50%，约占全部库存总值的10%HavingclassifiedtheitemsasA,BorC,wecansetthepolicyandmaximum/minimumstocklevelsforthedifferentclasses.在把库存品分类为A，B，C三类后，我们就可以为不同的类别制订政策以及最大/最小库存量。ClassAitems:closecontrolandcheckedonceamonthClassBitems:closecontrolandcheckedonceeverythreemonthsClassCitems:minimumcontrolwithfreeissueA类物品：严密控制，每月清点一次B类物品：严密控制，每三个月清点一次C类物品：实行最低限度的控制，可随意出货StockrotationStockrotationpolicydeterminestheprocessforuseofstock.库存周转库存周转策略决定了库存使用的程序。LastinFirstOut(LIFO)isastockrotationpolicythatthemostrecentlyarriveditemisprocessedfirst.Astackimplementsthis.后进先出(简称LIFO)是一种库存循环政策，即,最近抵达的物品要先予以办理。堆放法就适于此。FirstinFirstOut(FIFO)isastockrotationpolicythatitemsareprocessedinorderofarrival.Aqueueimplementsthis.Apolicyofrandomusagemeansthattherearenospecifiedrulesfororderofusage.先进先出(FIFO)是一种库存循环政策，即,物品按照入库的顺序来处理。排列法就适于此。随机使用的策略意味着对于使用顺序来说没有限定的规则。Economicorderquantity(EOQ)Orderquantitiesdirectlyaffecttheamountofstockheld,anddecisionsonhowmuchtoorderarebasedoncostandoperationalnecessity.Costsinvolveholdingcostsandacquisitionscosts(theadministrativecostofplacingordersandreceivingdeliveries).经济订购量订购数量直接影响库存的持有量，而且订购量的多少也是基于成本和运营需求来决定的。这些成本涉及到持有成本和购置成本（下定单和接收交货的管理费用）。Ideally,wewouldliketosettleonaquantitywhichminimizesthetotalofstockholdingcostsandacquisitioncosts.Normallyacquisitioncostsdecreaseastheorderquantityincreases,whileholdingcostsrisewithmorestockheld.Thesetrendscanbeplottedonagraph.Theeconomicorderquantityisthequantitythatresultsinthelowesttotalcosts.理想的情况是，我们愿意决定一个能把总库存持有成本和购置成本最小化的数量。通常，随着订购量的增加，购置成本就会减少，同时持有库存多了，持有成本就会升高。这些趋势可以在图表上看到。经济订购量是可以产生最低总成本的量。以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容课堂教学之——Step5

阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。Forecastbasedonprovisioning基于供给的预测Aneffectivestockcontrolsysteminvolvesdecisionson:howmuchstocktoholdusingforecastofusageandreplenishmenthowmuchtoorder–orderquantitywhentoorderforstock–timingoforders一个有效的库存控制系统应当包括下列方面的决定：根据使用情况和补充情况的预测来决定持有多少库存订购多少–订购量何时订购库存品–订单的时机掌握Foreachitemstocked,decisionsonhowmuchshouldbeheldaremadeonthebasisofdemandforecasting.Forecastcomparisonsusesalesdataandproductiondatafromthebillofmaterialsandmustalsotakeintoaccountpurchasingdataonsupplylead-timesandsuppliercapabilitytomeetdemand.对于每一个进货品种，持有多大量的决定应当基于需求预测，预测对比可以使用销售数据或来自材料单的生产数据，并要把有关供货前置期和供应商满足需求的能力方面的采购数据考虑进来。Orderquantitiesdirectlyaffecttheamountofstockheldanddecisionsonhowmuchtoorderarebasedonconsiderationsofcostandoperationalnecessity.Costsinvolveholdingcostsandacquisitioncosts(theadministrativecostofplacingordersandreceivingdeliveries).订购量直接影响库存持有量，而订购多少的决定要基于成本及运营必要性方面的考虑，这些成本包括持有成本和购置成本（下订单及接收交货的管理成本）。Fixedorderquantityisasystemwherebypredeterminedquantitiesofcertainitemsareorderedatfixedintervals.ThissystemissuitableforClassCitemswithafairlysteadydemandpattern.Itisparticularlyadaptabletoautomatedordering,particularlyusinge-procurement.固定订购量是在固定时间间隔对某些物品预先设定的数量进行订购的一个系统，该系统适应于具有相对稳定需求模式的C类物品，尤其适用于自动订购，特别是使用e-采购时。课堂教学之——Step6

课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1.Whatdoes‘stockcontrol’mean?Stockcontrolistodeterminewhichitemsarekeptinstockandwhatquantitiesofeacharestockedwithoutstockexcessorstockdeficiencies.Theaimistoachieveabalancebetweenthetwoextremesoftoomuchortoolittlestock.2.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofholdingahighlevelofstock?Holdingahighlevelofstockisasimplepolicytomanageandreducestheriskofstockouts.Moreover,byreducingtheneedforfrequentorders,italsoreducestheadministrativecostsofpurchasingstocks.However,itincreasesthestockholdingcosts.3.Whyisitamoredifficultpolicytomanagelowlevelsofstockholding?Ontheotherhand,holdingonlylowlevelsofstockisamoredifficultpolicytomanage.Thisispartlybecauseitreliesontimelydeliveriesbysuppliers.Italsoincreasesthenumberofordersthatacustomermustplacewithsuppliers,andthisinturnincreasestheadministrationtimeandcostsassociatedwithstock.However,itreducesthestockholdingcosts.4.Whydoweneedtoclassifythestocks?Inordertomaximizeservicelevelswhilstminimizingcost,aprocessofstockclassificationisusedtosetstocklevels.5.Whatisthe‘80/20rule’?VilfredoPareto,a19thcenturyeconomist,observedthat80%ofItaly'swealthwasownedby20%ofthepopulation.Thisisoftenreferredtoasthe‘80/20rule’,meaningthat,insuchcases,80%oftheitemsinstocktypicallymakeuponly20%ofthetotalstockvalue,whiletheremaining20%of(high-value)itemsaccountfor80%ofthetotalstockvalue.6.Whatarethethreeclassesofstockitems?Theyare:ClassAitems:

areapproximately20%ofinventorythataccountforapproximately80%ofthetotalstockvalue.ClassBitems:

arethoseofmediumvalue,usuallythenext30%ofitemsofinventorythataccountforabout10%oftotalvalue.ClassCitems:

arethoselowvalueitems,usuallyabout50%ofthetotalnumberofstockitemswhichwillonlyaccountforabout10%ofthetotalvalueofallinventory.7.WhatdoLIFOandFIFOmean?LastinFirstOut(LIFO)isastockrotationpolicythatthemostrecentlyarriveditemisprocessedfirst.Astackimplementsthis.FirstinFirstOut(FIFO)isastockrotationpolicythatitemsareprocessedinorderofarrival.Aqueueimplementsthis.8.WhatisEOQ?Ideally,wewouldliketosettleonaquantitywhichminimizesthetotalofstockholdingcostsandacquisitioncosts.Normallyacquisitioncostsdecreaseastheorderquantityincreases,whileholdingcostsrisewithmorestockheld.Thesetrendscanbeplottedonagraph.Theeconomicorderquantityisthequantitythatresultsinthelowesttotalcosts.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:FirstinFirstOutLastinFirstOutwithfreeis