新闻热点第八讲

TerroristAttackGeneralIntroductionDefinitionofTerrorismTerrorismisthesystematicuseofterrorespeciallyasameansofcoercion(威压).Thereisnointernationallyagreeddefinitionofterrorism.Mostcommondefinitionsofterrorismincludeonlythoseactswhichareintendedtocreatefear(terror),areperpetratedforanideological(意识形态旳)goal,anddeliberately(有意地)targetordisregardthesafetyofnon-combatants.WhileactsofterrorismarecriminalactsaspertheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution1373anddomesticjurisprudence(法学)ofalmostallcountriesintheworld,terrorismreferstoaphenomenonincludingtheactualacts,theperpetratorsofactsofterrorismthemselvesandtheirmotives.Thereisdisagreementondefinitionsofterrorism.ListofITOMajorITORecognizedbyU.SAlQaeda:基地IrishRepublicanArmy(IRA):爱尔兰共和军PalestineLiberationFront(PLF):巴解前线组织HAMAS(IslamicResistanceMovement):哈马斯LiberationTigersofTamilEelam(LTTE) 泰米尔猛虎组织Hezbollah:黎巴嫩真主党AlQaedaDATESTARTED/FIRSTACTIVE:EstablishedbyOsamabinLadeninthelate1980s.GOALS:Establishapan-IslamicCaliphatethroughouttheworldbyworkingwithalliedIslamicextremistgroupstooverthrowregimesitdeems"non-Islamic,"andexpellingWesternersandnon-MuslimsfromMuslimcountries.STRENGTH:Mayhaveseveralhundredtoseveralthousandmembers.OPERATIONALLOCATIONS:AlQaedahasaworldwidereachwithcellsinanumberofcountries,andbenefitsfromitstiestoSunniextremistnetworks.BinLadenandhistopassociatesresideinAfghanistan,andthegroupmaintainsterroristtrainingcampsthere.AFFILIATIONS:ServesastheumbrellaorganizationforaworldwidenetworkthatincludesmanySunniIslamicextremistgroups,suchasEgyptianIslamicJihadCOMMENTS:BinLadenisthesonofawealthySaudifamily,anduseshisinheritancetofinancethegroup.AlQaedaalsooperatesmoneymakingfrontorganizations,solicits(恳求)donations.SpotDictationSaturday,September11th,isthe3rd(1)

oftheterroristattacksontheUnitedStates.Duringa(2)

onradioSaturdaymorning,PresidentBushsaidtheUnitedStateswill(3)

terroristswherevertheysleep,(4)

,ortrytolive.Earlier,Mr.Bushledamomentof(5)

attheWhiteHouse.InNewYork,familymembersreadthe(6)

ofthemorethan(7)

peoplewhodiedintheattacksthat(8)

theWorldTradeCenter.NearWashington,AmericanSecretaryofDefenseDonaldRumsfeldspokeata(9)

atArlingtonNationalCemetery(阿灵顿国家公墓).HesaidAmericansare(10)

theirstrengthevenafteragreatloss.SpotDictationAndtheceremonywasalso(11)

inShanksville,Pennsylvaniawhereanotherplane(12)

onSeptember11th.Therewasalsoa(13)

inAfghanistanonSaturday.Americanforcesandtheir(14)

rememberthosewhowerekilledonSeptember11thintheUnitedStates.AnAmerican(15)

spokesmansaidTalibanleaders(16)

toal-QaedaarelosingsupportacrossAfghanistan.Al-Qaedais(17)

fortheterroristattacksontheUnitedStates.MajorScottMilesonsaid(18)

peopleinAfghanistansupport(19)

to(20)

theircountry.HespoketoreportersintheCapitalKabul.Check1.anniversary2.speech 3.fight 4.train 5.silence6.names7.2,000 8.destroyed 9.ceremony10.recovering11.held 12.crashed13.ceremony14.allies 15.military16.connected 17.blamed 18.most19.efforts 20.rebuildIrishRepublicanArmy(IRA)DATESTARTED/FIRSTACTIVE:1969.GOALS:RemovingBritishforcesfromNorthernIrelandandunifyingIreland.STRENGTH:Severalhundredmembers,plusseveralthousandsympathizers.OPERATIONALLOCATIONS:NorthernIreland,IrishRepublic,GreatBritain,Europe.AFFILIATIONS:Has,inthepast,receivedaidfromavarietyofgroupsandcountriesandconsiderabletrainingandarmsfromLibyaandthePLO(PalestineLiberationOrganization,巴勒斯坦解放组织,巴解组织).Issuspectedofreceivingfunds,arms,andotherterrorist-relatedmaterielfromsympathizersintheUnitedStates.COMMENTS:TerroristgroupformedastheclandestinearmedwingofSinnFein,alegalpoliticalmovement.HasaMarxistorientation.TheIRAhasbeenobservingacease-firesinceJuly1997andpreviouslyobservedacease-firefromSeptember1994toFebruary1996.NOTaDesignatedForeignTerroristOrganization(FTO),butlistedas"active"during2023.QuestionsandAnswers1.Who?

2.What?

3.Howtorealizepeace?

4.WhatistheresponseofTonyBlair?

5.WhatdidIrishPrimeMinisterandtheWhiteHousedoaboutthis?

6.WhoisGerryAdams?TheIrishrepublicanarmyAnendtoitsarmedcampaignagainstBritishruleandthatitwillpursueitsgoalsthroughpeacefulmeansTheoutlawedgroupcalledonitsmilitantstopeacefullyworkanddeveloppoliticalanddemocraticprograms.TonyBlairsaidthemoveisastepofunparalleledmagnitudeintherecenthistoryofNorthernIreland.TheyalsowelcometheannouncementHeistheleaderoftheIRA'spoliticalwingSinnFein.PalestineLiberationFront(PLF)

DATESTARTED/FIRSTACTIVE:BrokeawayfromthePFLP-GCinmid-1970s.GOALS:CreationofaPalestinianstate.STRENGTH:Unknown.OPERATIONALLOCATIONS:UsedtobeinTunisia(北非:突尼斯)nowbasedinIraq.AFFILIATIONS:ReceivessupportmainlyfromIraq.HasreceivedsupportfromLibyainthepast.COMMENTS:AfteritsinitialbreakwiththePFLP-GC(解放巴勒斯坦人民阵线总指挥部),splitagainintopro-PLO(巴勒斯坦解放组织),pro-Syrian,andpro-Libyanfactions(小派系).Pro-PLOfactionisledbyMuhammadAbbas(AbuAbbas),whobecamememberofPLOExecutiveCommitteein1984butleftitin1991.ADesignatedForeignTerroristOrganization(FTO)listedas"active"during2023.HAMAS

(IslamicResistanceMovement)

DATESTARTED/FIRSTACTIVE:1987.GOALS:EstablishinganIslamicPalestinianstateinplaceofIsrael.STRENGTH:Unknownnumberofhard-coremembers;tensofthousandsofsupportersandsympathizers.OPERATIONALLOCATIONS:Primarilytheoccupiedterritories,Israel.AFFILIATIONS:ReceivesfundingfromPalestinianexpatriates(亡命国外者),Iran,andprivatebenefactors(捐助者)inSaudiArabiaandothermoderateArabstates.COMMENTS:FormedasanoutgrowthofthePalestinianbranchoftheMuslimBrotherhood.VariousHAMASelementshaveusedbothpoliticalandviolentmeans,includingterrorism.Looselystructured,withsomeelementsworkingclandestinely(秘密地)andothersworkingopenlythroughmosquesandsocialserviceinstitutionstorecruitmembers,raisemoney,organizeactivities,anddistributepropaganda.Alsohasengagedinpeacefulpoliticalactivity,suchasrunningcandidatesinWestBankChamberofCommerceelections.LeadersofHamasAhmedYassinTopleadersofHAMAS（lefttoright）KhaledMashaal（哈立德·迈沙阿勒)MahmoudAhmadi（马哈茂德·扎哈尔）IsmailHaneya（伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚）HAMAS(inArabic,anacronymfor"HarakatAl-MuqawamaAl-Islamia"--IslamicResistanceMovement--andawordmeaningzeal)isaradicalIslamicfundamentalistorganizationwhichbecameactiveintheearlystagesoftheintifada,operatingprimarilyintheGazaDistrictbutalsoinJudeaandSamaria.Formedinlate1987asanoutgrowthofthePalestinianbranchoftheMuslimBrotherhood.VariousHAMASelementshaveusedbothpoliticalandviolentmeans,includingterrorism,topursuethegoalofestablishinganIslamicPalestinianstateinplaceofIsrael.Looselystructured,withsomeelementsworkingclandestinelyandothersworkingopenlythroughmosquesandsocialserviceinstitutionstorecruitmembers,raisemoney,organizeactivities,anddistributepropaganda.InaJanuary2023election,HamaswonamajorityofseatsinthePalestinianlegislature.1.HowlonghasHamasbeenestablished?2.Whatdidthedemonstratorshold?3.WhatdidKhaledMashaalsay?QuestionsandAnswers20yearsagoGreenIslamicflagsHamaswouldlaunchnewrebellionagainstIsraelioccupationuntilitreachesitsgoal.LiberationTigersofTamilEelamDATESTARTED/FIRSTACTIVE:1976.GOALS:EstablishanindependentTamilstate.STRENGTH:8,000to10,000armedcombatantsinSriLanka,withacoreoftrainedfightersofapproximately3,000to6,000.Hassignificantoverseassupportstructureforfundraising,weaponsprocurement(取得),andpropagandaactivities.OPERATIONALLOCATIONS:SriLanka.AFFILIATIONS:LobbiesforeigngovernmentsandtheUN.Usesitsinternationalcontactstoprocureweapons,communications,andanyotherequipmentandsuppliesitneeds.ExploitslargeTamilcommunitiesinNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsiatoobtainfundsandsuppliesforitsfightersinSriLanka.COMMENTS:ADesignatedForeignTerroristOrganization(FTO)listedas"active"during2023.1.WhydoestheTamilTigerssaytheceasefireis indanger?

2.WhatistheTigersgoingtodo?

3.Whatdidtherebelsandthegovernment agreedupon?

4.WhydoestheSupremeCourtofSriLankasay theagreementisillegal?

QuestionsandAnswersBecauseitforceswereattackedrecently.They’regoingtoarmthemselves.Theywillshareaidtosurvivorsfromtsunami.Becauseitdeniessomecitizens’chancetogethelp.Hezbollah(PartyofGod)

DATESTARTED/FIRSTACTIVE:Unknown.GOALS:IncreasingitspoliticalpowerinLebanon,andopposingIsraelandtheMiddleEastpeacenegotiations.STRENGTH:Severalthousandsupportersandafewhundredterroristoperatives.OPERATIONALLOCATIONS:OperatesintheBekaaValley,thesouthernsuburbsofBeirut,andsouthernLebanon.HasestablishedcellsinEurope,Africa,SouthAmerica,NorthAmerica,andAsia.AFFILIATIONS:Receivessubstantialamountsoffinancial,training,weapons,explosives,political,diplomatic,andorganizationalaidfromIranandSyria.COMMENTS:AradicalShiah(什叶派)organizationfoundedinLebanon.Lebanonsaysf____betweenHezbollahguerrillaandIsraeliforceshasa___eruptedonitss____b_____withI____.Thet____s____g____f____engagedintheI____a____u____thatcrossedintoL____earliertoday.Israelsaysitst___brieflye____L____t____ande____f____withguerillas.QuestionsandAnswersBackgroundKnowledgefor

MultipleChoiceThe2023Balibombingsoccurredon12October2023inthetouristdistrictofKutaontheIndonesianislandofBali.TheattackwasthedeadliestactofterrorisminthehistoryofIndonesia,killing202people,164ofwhomwereforeignnationals,and38Indonesiancitizens.Afurther209peoplewereinjured.JemmahIslamiyah:伊斯兰祈祷团amilitantIslamicseparatistmovement,suspectedofkillinghundredsofcivilians,dedicatedtotheestablishmentofafundamentalist(原教旨主义旳)IslamicstateinSoutheastAsia,inparticularIndonesia,Singapore,Brunei(文莱),Malaysia,andthesouthofThailandandthePhilippines.AlexanderDowner:(1951-)AustralianForeighMinister亚历山大·唐纳Istanbul:伊斯坦布尔thelargestcityinTurkey.MultipleChoice1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.AbombexplodedbeforetheIndonesianembassyinAustralia.B.AbombexplodedneartheAustralianembassyinJakarta.C.Therewasnomajorcasualtyintheexplosion.D.JemmahIslamiyahhastakenresponsibilityfortheexplosion.2.JemmahIslamiyahA.killedAustralianForeignMinisterAlexanderDowner.B.attackedIndonesia'sNationalPoliceChief.C.plannedthebombinginBali.D.deniedchargesagainstit.BC3.Thetopsuspectinlastyear'sbombingsinIstanbulA.returnedtoTurkeysecretly.B.enteredIraqwiththeh