高一英语暑假预习：完形填空（人教）学生版

完形填空（初高考点差异及衔接）

悭［课程要求

题型特点

L通常一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空15或20个，首句不挖空；

2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，

突出文化背景：

3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入

后在语法上并不存在错误，有很大的迷惑作用。

高中完形填空常见失分

1.多数同学考试时担心时间紧，在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答

题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟。

切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读，弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。

2.不注意积累答题技巧：

a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系；

b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随选择。

口△基础知识

重视首句，把握文章背景

速读全文留意文中的时间、地点、人物、事件起因及结果等线索

掌握主旨注意找出关键词、中心词，画出某些代

表人物和主要情节的词，形成思路

「上下求索寻信息

医本原则左顾右■盼找联系

L前呼后应扣主题

哈前顾后,

重视首句信息

先易后难

寻找暗示信息

思维切入点--弄清逻辑关系

利用词汇复现

巧用背景知识

注意语法词汇

_主旨是否明确

格起是否准确

复读全文，-逻辑是否通顺

验证答案背景知识是否清楚

词语筛选是否合理

技法11利用上下文暗示解题

在多数空白前后的上卜文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示

学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，

心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。

典例II'manambitious40，andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo（化疗）,eventhough

I'mavery41.positiveperson,Ilostmydrivetowrite.

40.A.readerB.writer

C.editorD.doctor

[典例2]Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe50.confidenceheneeded.Bythe

timeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytophonorin5[.

51.A.horse-ridingB.football

C.speechD.Farming

技法2|利用语义逻辑关系解题

文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，递进

关系，因果关系，目的关系，解科关系等。完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关

系的把握。因此,理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。

[典例1]Oneday,whilewaitingtogoinfor43.treatment,IhadoneofDr.Bernic'sbooksinmy

hand.Anotherpatient44.noticedwhatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme

45hehadoneofhisbookswithhimaswell.

45.A.whileB.because

C.AlthoughD.Providing

[典例2]Heunfortunately52.passedawaylastyearduetohiscancer,53heleftadeep

impressiononmeandgavemethe54.insniraticntopickipmypenagain.

53.A.sinceB.but

C.soD.for

技法3|利用词语习惯搭配解题

完形填空经常在文章中考杳词语的习惯搭配，主要考查助词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、

形容词与介词之间的搭配，熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

I.典例1]I55tomyself,“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”

55.A.promiscdB.swore

C.thoughtD.replied

[典例2]Hetried42-（hefootballteam,butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo43,light.

42.A.onB.for

C.inD.with

技法4|利用词汇复现解题

完形填空的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题,

所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、

同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形填空的

某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。

［典例1］uNo»it'stoolonganditdoesn'thaveany49,“complainedLainey.

“Oh,that'swhereyouare5Q.wrong;therearelotsofpictures.Everypageisfullofpictures;you

justhavetoreadthewordsio51.seethem.It'slikemagic.^^

“Nicetry,AuntDede,“Laineyreplied52.sourlvfromthebackseat.

Another53wasinorder."WelLifyoudon'twanttoreadit,giveit54.back.Maybeyourmom

would55.enioyhearingthestory.”ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDedeandshebegan

toreaditaloud.Bytheendofthefirstchapter,56.requesiswerecomingfromthebackseat:

“Pleasereadalittle57.louder.",

49.A.picturesB.stories

C.AdventuresD.conversations

53.A.ideaB.try

C.BeliefD.behavior

技法5|利用情景排除法解题

完形填空的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的，这时就要求学生对

空白前后的情景进行合理想象，然后用排除法确定正确选项，因为四个选项中必有一正确选

择。

<4

［典例"Another53.trywasinorder.Well»ifyoudon'twanttoreadit,giveit54iback.Maybe

yourmomwould55hearingthestory."ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDedeandshe

begantoreadilaloud.By(heendofthefirstchapter,56werecomingfromthebackseat：

“Pleasereadalittle57.louder.”

55.A.cnjoyB.admit

C.mindD.finish

56.A.decisionsB.requests

C.commentsD.promises

［典例2］Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?

Theseareall21placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant22

somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe23.chanceofseeingthisfirsthandona24.weekend.

21.A.publicB.traditional

C.officialD.special

22.A.passesB.works

C.liesD.ends

技法6|利用词法和句法结构解题

完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义

词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关

键。

[典例1]Whenwehandedhimthebagof52.food,helitupandthankedus

with53eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor54hisfamily

mightneed,heburstintotears.

53.A.sleepyB.watery

C.curiousD.sharp

54.A.whoeverB.whatever

C.whicheverD.whenever

[典例2]Wcfinallydidanditwas20.1oveatfirstsight.ltwasOurHome,smallandcharming,

overlookingaquietlake.Walkingthroughtheroomsandtalkingwiththeowners,aniceelderly

couple>wcfelt(hewarmthand21ofthemarriagewithinthathome.Asperfectasitwas,the

priceremainedtoohighforus.Buteveryday,wewouldsitbythelake,lookingatthehouseand

dreamingof22itwouldbeliketolivethere.

21.A.prideB.happiness

C.ChallengeD.desire

22.A.whichB.why

C.thatD.what

经典例题

真题再现

、阅读点提

Everyyearabout40,000peopleattemptto1climbKilimanjaro,thehighestG首段作者介绍了一则传

mountaininAfrica.They41with(hemlotsofwaste.The42mi^htdamage言,即每年大约有4万登山

(冰川)

thebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciersaredisappearing,changingthe43of者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力

Kilimanjaro.

马扎罗山，他们带来了垃

Hearingthesestories,fm44abouttheplace-otherdestinationsaredescribedas

圾,破坏了这里的环境。

“purer“nalura1experiences.

①企图做某事

However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof

46_amongtonsof?rubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsand

alongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebythe

o第、、段作者介绍了

TanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.234

ThebestofaKilimanjaro50inmyopinion,isn'treachingthetop.Mountains自己为了核实有关乞力马

are51asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidenton扎罗山的环境情况,亲自参

Kilimanjaroas53gothrough3fiveecosystems（生态系统）inthespaceofafew观该地的经历。

kilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptly'at3,000meters,54lands

oflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather55—lowcloudsenvelopthe②大量的

0

mountainsides,whicharccoveredwiththickgrass.I56^twelveshadesofgreen③经历

fromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland57:gravel（砾石）,stones

④adv.突然地

androcks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciers

⑤［熟词生义］v.包住,裹住,

thatmaysoondisappear.

盖住

DoesKi1imanjaro60itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftourists

⑥n.（颜色的）浓淡，色度

ruin.ngtheatmosphereofpeace?!found（heoppositetobetrue.

41.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring

42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reportersQ最后一段作者根据自己的

43.A.posilionB.ageC.faceD.name亲眼听见，对汲地环境做出

44.A.silentB.skeptical'C.scriousD.crazy了客观的评价。

45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate⑦adj.怀疑的

46.A.cquipmcntB.grassC.cainpsD.stones

47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean

48.A.newB.specialC.significant4D.ncccssary

⑧adj.显著的，有重大意义

49.A.payingoffB.spreadingoutC.blowingupD.fadingaway

的

50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight

51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded

52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose

53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials

54.A.holdingontoB.goingbacktoC.livinguptoD.givingwayto

55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits

56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add

57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake

58.A.ObviousIyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally

59.A.permanentB.littleC.frcshD.artificial

60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire

真题再现

MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynear

【素养解读】本文主

somewetlandswhichbecamehissecond1Helearnedthe

题语境内容为环境保

valueandbeautyof2therefromaveryyoungage.

护，旨在引导学生增强

Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething3happening

aroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe环保意识，积极参与社

4_itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.5,thenumber会实践活动。

ofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He6thatitwasbecausethere【语篇解读】一场水

werenZltenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe7.Thesolution,

灾使一片有着鸟语花

ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek8during

香的湿地变得荒芜，莫

thedaytime.Heturnedtothe9departmentforhelpbutwas

莱用了37年的时间植

toldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingon

hisownand10anearbyislandwherehebegantopk.nttrees.树造林，使这里重新成

IIyoungplantsinthedryseasonwas12foraloneboy.为动植物的家园。

Molaibuilta（the13ofeachsapling（幼树）abambooplatform,【重点词汇】

whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto14rainwater.1.decline

Thewaterwouldthendrip（滴落）ontheplantsbelow./di'klain/忱减少；下

Molai15toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshave降

resultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehome2.solution

tomanyplantsandanirnaU./so'lu：fn/n.解决办

1.A.dreamB.jobC.homeD.choice法

2.A.natureB.youthC.cullure

3.seek/si：k/v.寻求;谋

D.knowledge

求;争取

3.A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbing

4.result4导致;造成

D.awkward

4.A.wasteB.tensionC.painD.darnage【难句分析】Molai

5.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.Thereforebuiltatthetopofeach

D.Otherwisesaplingaharrhoo

6.A.agreedB.realizedC.rememberedplatform,wherehe

□.predictedplacedearthenpots

7.A.noiseB.heatC.diseaseD.dustwithsmallholesto

8.A.directionsB.partnersC.helpcollectrainwater.奥莱

□.shelter在每棵幼树的顶部建

9.A.laborB.policeC.forestD.fnance造了一个竹子平台，在

10.A.rebuiltB.discoveredC.lcft

那里他放置了带有小

D.managed

孔的陶罐来收集雨

11.A.DecoratingB.ObservingC.Watering

水。

□.Guarding

本句为主从复合句。

12.A.toughB.illcgalC.fantastic

D.beneficial句中where引导定语

13.A.backB.topC.footD.sidc从句，修饰先行词

14.A.cooIdownB.keepoffC.purifyplatform.whcrc在从句

0.collect

15.A.returnedB.learnedC.failed中作地点状语;介词短

□.continued语withsmallholes作

定语，修饰名词pots；不

定式locollect

rainwater作目的状语。

前轻松训练

Throughoutmylife,Iwasneververyathletic.IwasnreallyintoI,sportsorconflict.

TheonlyactivitiesIenjoyedwere2thingslikewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.

Itwasduringmyjunioryearinhighschool(hatIrealizedIneededa3.Myfriendswere

joiningthelongdistancerunningclubandalsoinvitedmetodoit.Atmyschool,therewereno

qualification4;everystudentwasaccepted.

Aseveryonegatheredaroundonthefirstdayofpractice,the5announceditwastimefor

“wairn-up”.Iimaginedthewarm-upwouldbea6jogaroundthe400-metretrack.Isoon_7

itwasaI-kmrun.Aftercompletingtherun,IwasX!Iwondered,“Ifthat71sthewarm-up,

whatDsnext?^^Therealworkoutfbrthedaywasa5-kmrun,whichImostlywalked.WhenI

camehome,Ireallyconsidered9.However,I10myselfto