2026年广东省北师大版初中英语上册第5单元词汇专项练习

2026年广东省北师大版初中英语上册第5单元词汇专项练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThenewsciencemuseuminGuangzhouis______interestingplaceforstudentstolearnaboutdinosaursandspacetechnology.A.averyB.veryaC.anveryD.veryan解析：本题考查冠词和形容词的搭配。句中"interesting"为可数名词单数形式，需用不定冠词修饰。根据英语语法规则，当不定冠词用于辅音发音开头的单词前时，用"a"；用于元音发音开头的单词前时，用"an"。此处"interesting"以元音发音/i:/开头，故选"D"。其他选项错误，"avery"和"verya"语序错误，"anvery"中"very"前缺少不定冠词。2.Mysisteroftenhelpsmewithmyhomework,andsheis______kindpersonwhoalwaysgivesgoodadvice.A.aB.anC.theD.some解析：本题考查不定冠词的用法。句中"kind"为可数名词单数，需用不定冠词修饰。根据发音规则，"kind"以/k/音开头，属于辅音发音，故用"a"。选项"B"错误，"an"用于元音发音开头的单词；选项"C"错误，"the"为定冠词，表示特指；选项"D"错误，"some"通常用于泛指复数名词或不可数名词。3.Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreadthearticleaboutclimatechange______theycouldunderstandthemainideas.A.sothatB.becauseC.althoughD.if解析：本题考查状语从句的用法。句中表示目的，需用"sothat"引导目的状语从句，意为"以便"。选项"B"表示原因，选项"C"表示转折，选项"D"表示条件，均不符合句意。故选"A"。4.______isapopularsportinmanycountries,especiallyinAsiancountrieslikeChinaandJapan.A.TabletennisB.BasketballC.VolleyballD.Football解析：本题考查名词的辨析。根据题干"popularsportinmanycountries,especiallyinAsiancountries"，正确答案应为乒乓球（tabletennis），因其在中国和日本非常流行。其他选项中，篮球（basketball）和足球（football）主要流行于欧美国家，排球（volleyball）在亚洲也有一定普及但不及乒乓球。5.Thestudentswere______surprisedwhentheysawthebigfireinthedistance.A.veryB.soC.tooD.such解析：本题考查形容词的搭配。句中"surprised"为形容词，需用程度副词修饰。根据句意"太惊讶了"，应使用"too...to..."结构，故选"C"。其他选项错误，"very"直接修饰形容词，"so"需与"that"连用，"such"需与"a/an/the"连用。6.Myparentsboughtmeabirthdaygiftyesterday,______wasabookaboutspaceexploration.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。句中指代物（abook），需用关系代词"which"引导非限制性定语从句。选项"B"错误，"that"不用于指代物；选项"C"和"D"为指代人的人称代词，不符合句意。故选"A"。7.Theboy______livesnextdoorismybestfriendandheoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishhomework.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。句中指代人（theboy），需用人称关系代词"who"引导。选项"B"和"C"为物主关系代词，选项"D"为物指关系代词，均不符合句意。故选"A"。8.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbe______sunnytomorrow,sowecangotothebeach.A.aB.anC.theD./解析：本题考查冠词的用法。句中"sunny"为形容词，需用不定冠词修饰。根据发音规则，"sunny"以/s/音开头，属于辅音发音，故用"a"。选项"B"错误，"an"用于元音发音开头的单词；选项"C"错误，"the"为定冠词；选项"D"错误，形容词前通常需要冠词。9.Themuseum______wevisitedlastSundayhadmanyinterestingexhibitsaboutancientcivilizations.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。句中指代地点（themuseum），需用关系副词"where"引导。选项"A"和"B"为关系代词，指代物或人，不符合句意；选项"D"为时间关系副词，也不符合句意。故选"C"。10.Mysisteris______doctorandsheworksinabighospitalinShenzhen.A.aB.anC.theD.some解析：本题考查不定冠词的用法。句中"doctor"为可数名词单数，需用不定冠词修饰。根据发音规则，"doctor"以/d/音开头，属于辅音发音，故用"a"。选项"B"错误，"an"用于元音发音开头的单词；选项"C"错误，"the"为定冠词；选项"D"错误，"some"通常用于泛指复数名词或不可数名词。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewlibraryinourschoolhasabigcollectionofbooks______studentscanborrowforfree.参考答案：for解析：此处考查介词的用法，"for"表示目的，意为"为了"，引导目的状语。句意为"我们的学校的新图书馆有大量的书籍供学生免费借阅"。2.Myfatheris______engineerandhedesignsbuildingsforaconstructioncompany.参考答案：an解析：此处考查不定冠词的用法，"engineer"以/eɪ/音开头，属于元音发音，故用"an"。句意为"我的父亲是一名工程师，他为一家建筑公司设计建筑"。3.Thegirl______sitsnexttomeinEnglishclassisveryfriendlyandalwayshelpsmewithmyhomework.参考答案：who解析：此处考查定语从句的用法，指代人（thegirl），需用人称关系代词"who"引导。句意为"坐在我旁边上英语课的女孩非常友好，总是帮助我做作业"。4.Theteacheraskedustoreadthearticle______wecouldunderstandthemainideas.参考答案：sothat解析：此处考查状语从句的用法，表示目的，需用"sothat"引导目的状语从句。句意为"老师让我们阅读这篇文章以便我们能理解主要观点"。5.Theboy______livesnextdoorismybestfriendandheoftenplaysbasketballwithmeafterschool.参考答案：who解析：此处考查定语从句的用法，指代人（theboy），需用人称关系代词"who"引导。句意为"住在隔壁的男孩是我的好朋友，他放学后经常和我打篮球"。6.Themuseum______wevisitedlastweekendhadmanyinterestingexhibitsaboutancientcultures.参考答案：where解析：此处考查定语从句的用法，指代地点（themuseum），需用关系副词"where"引导。句意为"我们上周末参观的博物馆有许多关于古代文化的有趣展品"。7.Mysisteris______doctorandsheworksinabighospitalinGuangzhou.参考答案：a解析：此处考查不定冠词的用法，"doctor"以/d/音开头，属于辅音发音，故用"a"。句意为"我的姐姐是一名医生，她在广州一家大医院工作"。8.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbe______sunnytomorrow,sowecangotothepark.参考答案：a解析：此处考查不定冠词的用法，"sunny"为形容词，需用不定冠词修饰。根据发音规则，"sunny"以/s/音开头，属于辅音发音，故用"a"。句意为"天气预报说明天会是个阳光明媚的日子，所以我们可以去公园"。9.Thegirl______sitsnexttomeinmathclassisveryintelligentandalwaysscoresthehighestmarks.参考答案：who解析：此处考查定语从句的用法，指代人（thegirl），需用人称关系代词"who"引导。句意为"坐在我旁边上数学课的女孩非常聪明，总是得最高分"。10.Thebook______IborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingandIhavereadittwice.参考答案：which解析：此处考查定语从句的用法，指代物（thebook），需用关系代词"which"引导。句意为"我从图书馆借的书非常有趣，我已经读了两遍"。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theboywholivesnextdoorismybestfriendandheoftenhelpsmewithmyhomework.(正确)解析：句中"who"正确引导定语从句指代人，语法正确。2.ThegirlwhositsnexttomeinEnglishclassisveryfriendlyandalwayshelpsmewithmyEnglishhomework.(正确)解析：句中"who"正确引导定语从句指代人，且"helpsmewithmyEnglishhomework"表述准确。3.Themuseumwhichwevisitedlastweekendhadmanyinterestingexhibitsaboutancientcivilizations.(正确)解析：句中"which"正确引导定语从句指代物（themuseum），语法正确。4.Theboythatlivesnextdoorismybestfriendandheoftenplaysbasketballwithmeafterschool.(正确)解析：句中"That"正确引导定语从句指代人，语法正确。5.Thegirlwhositsnexttomeinmathclassisveryintelligentandalwaysscoresthehighestmarks.(正确)解析：句中"who"正确引导定语从句指代人，且"scoresthehighestmarks"表述准确。6.ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingandIhavereadittwice.(正确)解析：句中"which"正确引导定语从句指代物（thebook），语法正确。7.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbeasunnydaytomorrow,sowecangotothebeach.(正确)解析：句中"asunnyday"表述准确，且"so"正确引导结果状语从句。8.Thenewlibraryinourschoolhasabigcollectionofbooksforstudentscanborrowforfree.(错误)解析：错误点在于"forstudentscanborrow"语法错误，应为"forstudentstoborrow"。正确表达应为"Thenewlibraryinourschoolhasabigcollectionofbooksforstudentstoborrowforfree."9.ThegirlwhositsnexttomeinEnglishclassisveryfriendlyandalwayshelpsmewithmyhomework.(正确)解析：句中"who"正确引导定语从句指代人，且"helpsmewithmyhomework"表述准确。10.Themuseumthatwevisitedlastweekendhadmanyinterestingexhibitsaboutancientcultures.(正确)解析：句中"That"正确引导定语从句指代物（themuseum），语法正确。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"a"and"an"inEnglish.参考答案："A"用于辅音发音开头的单词前，如"abook"、"acar"；"An"用于元音发音开头的单词前，如"anapple"、"anhour"。注意：当单词以h不发音时，如"hour"，仍用"an"。2.Howdoyouuse"sothat"inasentence?参考答案："Sothat"用于引导目的状语从句，表示"以便"。例如："Theteacheraskedustoreadthearticlesothatwecouldunderstandthemainideas."3.Whatisthefunctionof"which"inarelativeclause?参考答案："Which"用于指代物或整个前面提到的名词，引导定语从句。例如："ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."4.Howdoyouformasentencewith"because"?参考答案："Because"用于引导原因状语从句，表示"因为"。例如："IwaslateforschoolbecauseImissedthebus."5.Whatisthemeaningof"although"?参考答案："Although"用于引导让步状语从句，表示"虽然"。例如："Althoughitwasraining,wewenttothepark."6.Howdoyouuse"who"inarelativeclause?参考答案："Who"用于指代人，引导定语从句。例如："Thegirlwhositsnexttomeinmathclassisveryintelligent."7.Whatisthedifferencebetween"so"and"sothat"?参考答案："So"用于表示结果，"sothat"用于表示目的。例如："Hestudiedhard,sohepassedtheexam."（结果）"Hestudiedhardsothathecouldpasstheexam."（目的）8.Howdoyouuse"where"inarelativeclause?参考答案："Where"用于指代地点，引导定语从句。例如："Themuseumwherewevisitedlastweekendhadmanyinterestingexhibits."五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingarelativeclause:"Theboylivesnextdoor.Heismybestfriend."参考答案："Theboywholivesnextdoorismybestfriend."2.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"sothat":"Thestudentsreadthearticle.Theycouldunderstandthemainideas."参考答案："Thestudentsreadthearticlesothattheycouldunderstandthemainideas."3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"which":"Thebookisinteresting.Iborroweditfromthelibrary."参考答案："ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."4.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"who":"Thegirlisfriendly.ShesitsnexttomeinEnglishclass."参考答案："ThegirlwhositsnexttomeinEnglishclassisveryfriendly."5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"where":"Themuseumisinteresting.Wevisiteditlastweekend."参考答案："Themuseumwherewevisitedlastweekendhadmanyinterestingexhibits."6.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"because":"Hewaslate.Hemissedthebus."参考答案："Hewaslatebecausehemissedthebus."7.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"although":"Itwasraining.Wewenttothepark."参考答案："Althoughitwasraining,wewenttothepark."8.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"so":"Hestudiedhard.Hepassedtheexam."参考答案："Hestudiedhard,sohepassedtheexam."【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.A4.A5.C6.A7.A8.A9.C10.A解析：2."interesting"以元音发音开头，用"an"。3."kind"以/k/音开头，用"a"。4."sothat"表示目的。5.乒乓球在亚洲流行。6."toosurprised"表示程度过高。7."adoctor"指职业。8."who"指代人。9."asunnyday"表示天气。10."who"指代人。11."which"指代物。二、填空题1.for2.an3.who4.sothat5