2026年天津市人教版初中英语第5单元语法专项练习

2026年天津市人教版初中英语第5单元语法专项练习一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.根据第5单元语法内容，选择下列句子中动词时态使用正确的一项。A.Sheoftengoestothelibrarybecausesheneedtostudyfortheexamlastweek.B.MybrotherwasplayingbasketballwhenIcallhimyesterdayevening.C.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomeworksincetheystartedat4PMyesterday.D.TheteachertoldusthatthestudentswillgotothemuseumnextSunday.解析：选项A中"need"应为"needed"（一般过去时），"because"连接的从句需与主句时态一致；选项B中"call"应为"called"（一般过去时），"when"连接的从句需与主句时态一致；选项C中"since"连接的从句需用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，但"started"时态错误；选项D正确，"willgo"表示将来时，符合语境。2.选择第5单元语法中正确的被动语态形式。A.Manypeoplewasinjuredintheaccidentlastnight.B.Thebookiswrittenbymyfatherlastyear.C.Mydogwasfedbytheneighboreverydaylastweek.D.Theyarebeentakentothehospitalbecauseofthetrafficjam.解析：选项A中"was"应为复数"were"（被动语态主语为复数）；选项B中"written"前需加"was"（一般过去时被动语态）；选项C正确，"wasfed"表示过去被喂养；选项D中"arebeen"时态错误，应为"havebeen"（现在完成时被动语态）。3.根据第5单元语法，选择下列句子中情态动词使用正确的一项。A.Youmusttofinishyourprojectbeforetomorrow.B.Canyouhelpmetocarrytheseboxes?C.Shemightnotgotothepartybecauseshefeelsick.D.Weshouldnotleavetheclassroomwithoutpermission.解析：选项A中"mustto"错误，情态动词后直接加动词原形；选项B中"help"前需加"do"（情态动词否定句需加"not"）；选项C中"feel"应为"feels"（情态动词后动词需用原形）；选项D正确，"shouldnotleave"表示禁止。4.选择第5单元语法中正确的非谓语动词形式。A.Theteacheraskedthestudentstodotheirhomeworkquickly.B.Isawaboyrunningacrossthestreetyesterdaymorning.C.Sheisinterestedinplaythepianosinceshewasachild.D.Manypeopleenjoywatchmoviesatthecinemaonweekends.解析：选项A正确，"todo"为不定式表目的；选项B正确，"running"为现在分词作定语；选项C中"play"应为"playing"（介词后需用动名词）；选项D中"watch"应为"watching"（enjoydoingsth.结构）。5.根据第5单元语法，选择下列句子中冠词使用正确的一项。A.Thereisabookonthetablebelongtomybrother.B.ShewenttotheschoolwithherfriendlastTuesday.C.Iboughtanappleandtwoorangesatthesupermarketyesterday.D.Hehasthreebrotherandtwosisterinhisfamily.解析：选项A中"belongto"前需加"that"或"which"（关系代词缺省）；选项B中"theschool"正确（特指）；选项C正确，"anapple"泛指，"twooranges"复数名词前用不定冠词；选项D中"brother"和"sister"前需加"a"（泛指）。6.选择第5单元语法中正确的宾语从句连接词。A.MymothersaidthatIgotothelibrarytomorrowafternoon.B.Heaskedmewhereisthenearestbusstation.C.ShetoldmethatshewasborninShanghailastyear.D.Idon’tknowwhydidyouleaveearlyyesterday.解析：选项A中"go"应为过去时"went"（宾语从句需与主句时态一致）；选项B中"is"应为过去时"was"（宾语从句时态）；选项C正确，"that"引导陈述句宾语从句；选项D中"did"应为过去时"did"（宾语从句需用过去时）。7.根据第5单元语法，选择下列句子中形容词比较级使用正确的一项。A.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatoneis.B.Sheisthetallestgirlinherclasslastterm.C.Hisbrotheristallerthanhiminthefamily.D.Thisproblemismoredifficultthanthatonewassolved.解析：选项A中"thanthatoneis"重复，应为"thanthatone"（比较级结构）；选项B中"thetallest"错误，应为"thetallest"（最高级）；选项C正确，"tallerthanhim"表示比较；选项D中"wassolved"时态错误，应为"wassolved"（比较级需用一般过去时）。8.选择第5单元语法中正确的定语从句关系词。A.ThegirlwhoImetyesterdayismyEnglishteacher.B.ThisisthebookthatmyfathergavemelastChristmas.C.Theschoolwherewestudyisverybeautiful.D.Heisthestudentwhosealwaysarriveslateforclass.解析：选项A正确，"who"引导定语从句；选项B正确，"that"引导定语从句；选项C正确，"where"引导定语从句；选项D中"whose"后需加"always"（关系代词后需加副词修饰）。9.根据第5单元语法，选择下列句子中介词使用正确的一项。A.Shearrivedatthestationintimeforthetrain.B.Heisinterestedinplaybasketballwithhisfriends.C.ThebookisfullofinformationaboutthehistoryofChina.D.Theywenttotheparkonfootyesterdayafternoon.解析：选项A正确，"arriveat"表示到达地点；选项B中"play"应为"playing"（介词后用动名词）；选项C中"about"应为"on"（历史话题用"on"）；选项D正确，"onfoot"表示步行。10.选择第5单元语法中正确的虚拟语气形式。A.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotothepartylastnight.B.ShewishshecouldspeakEnglishfluentlynow.C.Hesuggestedthatweshouldstudyhardernextsemester.D.Iftheyhadknownthenewsearlier,theywouldhavecome.解析：选项A正确，"were"表示与现在事实相反的假设；选项B中"wish"后需加"that从句"，"couldspeak"错误，应为"couldspeak"（虚拟语气）；选项C中"suggested"后需加"that从句"，"shouldstudy"错误，应为"study"（虚拟语气）；选项D正确，"hadknown"表示与过去事实相反的假设。二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1.Mysister______(be)adoctorsinceshegraduatedfrommedicalschoolfiveyearsago.2.Theteacheraskedus______(review)thegrammarrulesbeforethetestlastweek.3.ThisisthemostinterestingbookI______(everread)inmylife.4.IfI______(have)moretime,Iwouldhelpyoufinishtheproject.5.Sheisinterestedin______(play)theguitar,butshedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyone.6.Theboywho______(hit)thewindowyesterdaywillbepunishedbytheteacher.7.Thisproblemismoredifficultthanthatone______(solve)lastmonth.8.Mybrotheristallerthanme,butheisnotasintelligentasI______(be).9.Ifyou______(study)harder,youwillpasstheexamnexttime.10.Thegirlwhoissittingnexttome______(come)fromShanghai.三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassivevoice,thesubjectofthesentenceisalwaysthedoeroftheaction.(×)解析：被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者。例如："Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."主语"thebook"是承受者。2.Themodalverb"must"canbeusedinthepasttenseform"musted."(×)解析：情态动词无时态变化，"must"只能用于现在时，过去时用"hadto"。3.Inthesentence"Isawadogrunning,""running"isapresentparticiple.(√)解析：现在分词"running"作定语修饰"dog"，表示正在跑步的狗。4.Thearticle"the"isusedbeforesingularcountablenounswhentheyaregeneral.(×)解析：泛指的不可数名词前不用冠词，如："Ilikemilk."5.Inreportedspeech,thetenseofthereportingverbaffectsthetenseofthereportedclause.(×)解析：如："Hesaid,'Iamtired.'"变为"Hesaidthathewastired."主句用一般过去时，从句时态不变。6.Therelativepronoun"which"canonlybeusedforthings.(×)解析："which"既可指物也可指物，如："ThebookwhichIboughtisinteresting."7.Thepreposition"with"isusedtoindicatethemeansoftransportation.(×)解析：表示交通方式用"by"，如："bybus"；"with"表示伴随，如："withabook."8.Inthesentence"Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldstayathome,"theverb"rained"iscorrect.(×)解析：虚拟语气条件状语从句需用一般过去时，"rained"错误，应为"rained."9.Thestructure"enjoydoingsth."canbeusedwithallmodalverbs.(×)解析：仅限于"enjoy/hate/finish"等少数动词，情态动词后需加动词原形。10.Thesentence"Sheistallerthanherbrotheris"isgrammaticallycorrect.(×)解析：比较级结构中重复主语可省略，应为"Sheistallerthanherbrother."四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"must"and"haveto"inEnglish.参考答案："Must"表示主观必须，常用于建议或命令；"haveto"表示客观必须，由客观情况决定。例如："Youmustfinishitnow."（主观）vs"Ihavetofinishitbecausethedeadlineistomorrow."（客观）。2.Howdoyouformthepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense?参考答案：结构为"have/hasbeen+过去分词"，如："Thebookhasbeenreadbyhim."3.Whatisthefunctionoftherelativepronoun"where"?参考答案："Where"引导定语从句，修饰地点名词，如："ThecitywhereIgrewupisbeautiful."4.Whydoweusethemodalverb"might"inthepasttense?参考答案："Might"表示过去可能性，常用于间接引语，如："Hesaidhemightgo."（转述时用"might"）。5.Whatisthedifferencebetween"too"and"either"?参考答案："Too"用于肯定句末，表示"也"；"either"用于否定句末，表示"也"，如："Ilikecoffeetoo."vs"Idon’tlikecoffeeeither."6.Howdoyouformasentencewithasubjectcomplement?参考答案：结构为"主语+系动词+形容词/名词"，如："Sheisateacher."（系动词"is"+形容词"teacher"作表语）。7.WhatisthepurposeofusingarticlesinEnglish?参考答案：区分泛指（a/an）和特指（the），如："Abook"（泛指）vs"Thebookonthetable"（特指）。8.Howdoyoumakeasentencewithadirectspeechintoreportedspeech?参考答案：时态变化（如一般现在时→一般过去时）、人称变化（如"I"→"he/she"）、疑问句变陈述句，如："Hesaid,'Iamtired.'"→"Hesaidthathewastired."五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceintothepassivevoice:"Thestudentscleanedtheclassroomyesterday."参考答案："Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudentsyesterday."2.Changethefollowingsentenceintoreportedspeech:"Shesaid,'Iwillgotothelibrarytomorrow.'"参考答案："Shesaidthatshewouldgotothelibrarythenextday."3.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitablerelativepronoun:"Thisisthebook______Ilostlastweek."参考答案："Thisisthebookwhich/thatIlostlastweek."4.Fillintheblankswithasuitablemodalverb:"You______studyharderifyouwanttopasstheexam."参考答案："Youshouldstudyharderifyouwanttopasstheexam."5.Correctthefollowingsentence:"Heistallerthanhisbrotheris."参考答案："Heistallerthanhisbrother."（比较级结构可省略主语）。6.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitablepreposition:"Shewenttothepark______footyesterdayafternoon."参考答案："Shewenttotheparkonfootyesterdayafternoon."【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.D2.C3.D4.B5.C6.C7.C8.A9.D10.D二、填空题1.hasbeen2.toreview3.haveeverread4.had5.playing6.hit7.wassolved8.am9.studied10.comes三、判断题1.×2.×3.√4.×5.×6.×7.×8.×9.×10.×四、简答题1."Must"表示主观必须，"haveto"表示客观必须。解析："Must"用于建议或命令，如："Youmustleavenow."；"haveto"由客观情况决定，如："Ihavetoworktoday."2.现在完成时被动语态为"have/hasbeen+过去分词"，如："Thebookhasbeenread."解析：表示动作发生在过去且与现在有关，主语是动作承受者。3."Where"引导定语从句修饰地点，如："ThecitywhereIliveisbig."解析：相当于"that/whic