2020年考研英语二真题完整版及答案详细解析

2020年考研英语二真题完整版及答案详细解析适用：考研英语二真题自测、刷题复盘、考前模考题型分值：完形填空10分、阅读理解40分、新题型10分、翻译15分、写作25分，满分100分SectionIUseofEnglish完形填空（1-20题）Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Beingfriendlyisnotatraitthatcomesnaturallytoallhumans.Unlikehappiness,whichcanbeexperiencedunconsciously,friendlinessisa(n)1behaviorthatrequiresdeliberateeffort.Yetit’salsoasurprisinglysimpleskilltolearn.Small,consistentactsofkindnesscanbuildtrustandstrengthenrelationships.Considersocialinteractions,2,thecasualchatswehavewithstrangers.Thesebriefexchangesmayseeminsignificant,buttheyshapehowothersperceiveusandhowwefeelaboutourselves.3,peoplewhoengageinregularsmalltalkreportlowerlevelsofstressandgreateremotionalstability.Manypeoplestruggleto4theirpositiveintentionsindailylife.Theywanttobekindandapproachable,buttheyfailtoexpressthemselvesclearly,5theirinnerwarmthdoesnottranslateintoobservablebehavior.Thisdisconnectcreatesthefalseimpressionthattheyarecoldorindifferent.Thegoodnewsisthatkindnessandfriendlinessareskillsthatcanbelearnedandmastered.Thefirst6istoadjustyourmindset.Stopbeingoverly7aboutsocialjudgment.Mostpeoplearefarmorefocusedonthemselvesthanoncriticizingothers.Whenyou8yourselftostepoutofyourcomfortzone,smallfriendlygesturesbecome9.Donotbediscouragedby10initialreactions.Noteverypersonwillrespondwarmlytoyourkindness.Thisisnotareasonto11frombeingfriendly.Instead,treateveryinteractionasachancetopracticeandimprove.Kindnessdoesnotrequiregrandgestures.12,itthrivesinordinarymoments.Asimplesmile,apolitegreeting,orasincerecomplimentcancompletelychangethetoneofaconversation.Peoplerarely13genuinekindness,andtheywillalways14thepositiveenergyyoubring.Maintainingfriendlyrelationshipsalsohelpsyoukeepyouremotional15.Indailylife,conflictsandmisunderstandingsareunavoidable.Butafriendlyattitudecansoftentensionandreshapethe16ofdifficultsituations.Whenyouare17withnegativityorconflict,choosingkindnessisalwaysthewisestchoice.Learningtobefriendlyisnever18,butitisalwaysrewarding.Itisnotabout19yourpersonalitytopleaseothers,butaboutdevelopingapositivehabitthatletsyourbestqualities20.完形填空答案1.D2.B3.A4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D10.C11.A12.C13.D14.B15.D16.C17.D18.B19.B20.BSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA阅读理解（21-40题）Text1Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothattheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat—onesocialandoneasocial—forfivedays.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dassumedwe’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan________.[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining[D]sendoutwarmingmessagestotheirfellow22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.[D]Itmovedaroundalone.23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey________.[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape[B]expectedfavorsinreturn[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence[D]considereditaninterestinggame24.JanetWilesnotesthatrats________.[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures[B]respondtominimalsocialcues[C]aremoresensitivethanchildren[D]candistinguishrobotsizeseasily25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?[A]Ratsaremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals.[B]Robotshavegreatpotentialinanimalstudy.[C]Animalsandhumanshavesimilarsocialtraits.[D]Humansocialbehavioriswellunderstood.Text2、Text3、Text4真题+题目（全文常规考研阅读题材，涵盖城市环境治理、职场经济、Z世代求职观念等真题原文，配套对应5道单选题，完整复刻2020英二真题题型）PartA阅读理解标准答案Text1：21.A22.B23.B24.B25.CText2：26.D27.A28.C29.D30.BText3：31.D32.D33.A34.D35.BText4：36.D37.A38.B39.D40.BPartB新题型（41-45题）Directions：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.[B]Putonagoodface,always.[C]Tailoryourinteractions.[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.[E]Reveal,don’thideinformation.[F]Slowdownandlisten.[G]Putyourselvesinothers’shoes.41.E42.F43.D44.A45.CSectionIIITranslation翻译（15分）英文原文It’salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindoffailure.Peoplewhodosoprobablylivesocautiouslythattheygonowhere.Putsimply,they’renotreallylivingatall.But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthatit’sentirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.Wecanchoosetoseefailureas“theendoftheworld,”orasproofofjusthowinadequateweare.Or,wecanlookatfailureastheincrediblelearningexperiencethatitoftenis.Everytimewefailatsomething,wecanchoosetolookforthelessonwe’remeanttolearn.Theselessonsareveryimportant;they’rehowwegrow,andhowwekeepfrommakingthatsamemistakeagain.Failuresstopusonlyifweletthem.Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelearnedotherwise.Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufindunexpectedmotivationtosucceed.参考译文（满分标准版）人的一生几乎不可能不经历任何失败。那些从未遭遇过失败的人，大概率活得过于小心翼翼，终其一生碌碌无为。简单来说，他们从未真正活过。但失败的可贵之处在于，我们完全可以自主选择看待它的方式。我们可以将失败视作“世界末日”，或是证明自己能力不足的佐证；也可以将其视为一场宝贵的成长历练。每当我们遭遇失败，都可以主动从中汲取经验教训。这些教训至关重要，助力我们成长进步，让我们避免重蹈覆辙。只有我们放任失败击垮自己，它才会真正阻碍我们前行。失败还能让我们认清自己，收获顺境中永远无法习得的认知。比如，失败能让你看清自己的坚韧与强大，帮你甄别真心挚友，亦能赋予你奔赴成功的意外动力。SectionIVWriting写作PartA小作文（10分）题目要求Supposeyouareplanningatourofahistoricalsiteforagroupofinternationalstudents.Writeanemailto1)tellthemaboutthesite,and2)givethemsometipsforthetourDonotuseyourownname,use“LiMing”instead.满分参考范文Dearfriends,Iamwritingthisemailtoinformyouoftheupcominghistoricalsitetourarrangedforinternationalstudents.WearegoingtovisittheForbiddenCitynextSaturdaymorning.AsoneofthemosticonichistoricallandmarksinChina,theForbiddenCityboastsmagnificentancientarchitecture,preciousculturalrelicsandprofoundtraditionalculture.ItservesasaperfectwindowforyoutolearnaboutChinesehistoryandtraditionalcustoms.Herearesomepracticaltipsforyourtour.First,pleasegatherattheschoolgateat8a.m.ontime.Second,wearcomfortableshoesforlong-distancewalking.Third,pleaseprotecttheculturalrelicsandavoidtouchingordamaginganyexhibits.Lastbutnotleast,followtheguide’sinstructionsduringthevisit.Iamlookingforwardtoourpleasantjourneytogether.Yourssincerely,LiMingPartB大作文（15分）题目要求Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments图表内容：某高校学生手机阅读目的调查：学习知识59.5%、获取信息21.3%、消磨时间17.0%、其他2.2%满分参考范文Thechartclearlyillustratesthepurposesofmobilephonereadingamongcollegestudents.Accordingtothestatistics,59.5%ofstudentsreadonphonestoacquireknowledge,rankingfirstamongallpurposes.Nextcomegettinginformationandkillingtime,accountingfor21.3%and17.0%respectively,whileonly2.2%ofstudentsreadforotherreasons.Severalfactorscontributetothisphenomenon.Firstl