2026年重庆市湘教版高中英语第6单元语法结构专项题库

2026年重庆市湘教版高中英语第6单元语法结构专项题库一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中动词时态使用正确的一项：A.ShehasbeentoLondonthreetimeslastyear.B.Mybrotherwillcallmewhenhearrivesattheairporttomorrow.C.Theywereplayingbasketballwhentherainstartedyesterday.D.ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveeverseensuchabeautifulsunset.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"lastyear"与现在完成时矛盾，应改为一般过去时；选项C中"yesterday"与过去进行时矛盾，应改为一般过去时；选项D中"thefirsttime"与现在完成时矛盾，应改为一般过去时。选项B正确使用了将来时态，符合语境。2.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中非谓语动词使用正确的一项：A.Thebooklyingonthetablebelongstome.B.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywenttobedearly.C.TolearnEnglishwell,youshouldpracticespeakingeveryday.D.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"lying"应为现在分词作定语，但逻辑关系不符，应改为过去分词"laid"；选项B中"Havingfinished"与主句主语不一致，应改为独立主格结构；选项D中"Seen"应为过去分词作状语，但逻辑关系不符，应改为现在分词"looking"。选项C正确使用了不定式作目的状语。3.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中从句使用正确的一项：A.Idon'tknowwhereishenow.B.Theteacheraskedifwehadfinishedourhomeworkyesterday.C.Shesaidthatshewouldgotothepartyalthoughshewastired.D.WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleftforanhour.参考答案：B解析：选项A中缺少连接词"that"；选项C中"although"与"that"矛盾，应改为"evenif"；选项D中"foranhour"与完成时矛盾，应改为"foranhour"。选项B正确使用了宾语从句，时态和连接词均正确。4.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中虚拟语气使用正确的一项：A.IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallthepoliceimmediately.B.Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.C.Itisimportantthatyoumustarriveontime.D.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavepreparedagift.参考答案：A解析：选项B中"should"应为"shouldn't"；选项C中"must"应为"should"；选项D中"werecoming"与完成时矛盾，应改为"werecoming"。选项A正确使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。5.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中固定搭配使用正确的一项：A.Sheisinterestedintoplaythepiano.B.Heisgoodatswim.C.Theydecidedtogoonwiththeirplandespitetherain.D.Thebookisfullofinformationabouttoprotecttheenvironment.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"interestedin"后应跟动名词；选项B中"goodat"后应跟动名词；选项D中"aboutto"应为"abouthowto"。选项C正确使用了"despitetherain"，固定搭配无误。6.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中形容词比较级使用正确的一项：A.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.B.Sheistallerthanshelooks.C.Hisbrotherismoreintelligentthanhe.D.Theweathertodayismorebetterthanyesterday.参考答案：A解析：选项B中"thanshelooks"与主句主语不一致；选项C中"thanhe"应改为"thanhisbrother"；选项D中"morebetter"重复，应改为"better"。选项A正确使用了形容词最高级，符合语境。7.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中副词使用正确的一项：A.Hearrivedverylateatthemeetingyesterday.B.ShespeaksEnglishquitegood.C.Theyfinishedtheworktooquickly.D.Thetrainlefttooearlierthanexpected.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"verylate"与"atthemeeting"矛盾，应改为"veryearly"；选项B中"quitegood"搭配不当，应改为"quitewell"；选项D中"tooearlier"错误，应改为"tooearly"。选项C正确使用了副词，符合语境。8.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中介词使用正确的一项：A.SheisinterestedinthemusicofJapan.B.Hearrivedattheairportintimefortheflight.C.Thebookisabouttoprotectendangeredanimals.D.Theywentonholidayduringthelastweekend.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"interestedin"后应跟"Japanesemusic"；选项C中"aboutto"应为"abouthowto"；选项D中"thelastweekend"应为"thelastweekendoflastmonth"。选项B正确使用了介词，符合语境。9.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中冠词使用正确的一项：A.Iboughtanewcarlastweek.B.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.C.Sheisthebeststudentinherclass.D.Wespentthreeyearsinbuildingthisbridge.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"anewcar"与"lastweek"矛盾，应改为"anoldcar"；选项B中"somewater"应为"somewater";选项D中"threeyears"与"building"矛盾，应改为"threeyearsbuilding"。选项C正确使用了定冠词，符合语境。10.根据第6单元语法结构，选择下列句子中代词使用正确的一项：A.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.B.SheandIaregoingtothepartytogether.C.Mybrotherandmeareplayingfootballnow.D.Thisisthehousewheretheylivedfiveyearsago.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"which"应为"that"；选项C中"me"应为"myself"；选项D中"where"应为"which"。选项B正确使用了代词，符合语境。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theteacheraskedus______wehadfinishedourhomework.参考答案：if解析：宾语从句需要用"if"或"whether"引导，时态为过去完成时。2.IfI______you,Iwouldcallthepoliceimmediately.参考答案：were解析：虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句用"would+动词原形"，从句用"were"或"was"。3.Sheisinterested______playingthepiano.参考答案：in解析："interestedin"固定搭配，后跟动名词。4.ThisisthefirsttimeI______toLondon.参考答案：havebeen解析："thefirsttime"后跟现在完成时。5.Heisgood______swimming.参考答案：at解析："goodat"固定搭配，后跟动名词。6.Theydecided______goonwiththeirplandespitetherain.参考答案：to解析："decidetodo"固定搭配。7.Thebookisfull______informationaboutprotectingtheenvironment.参考答案：of解析："fullof"固定搭配。8.Sheistaller______hersister.参考答案：than解析："比较级+than"结构。9.ThisisthemostinterestingbookI______everread.参考答案：have解析："most+形容词最高级"后跟现在完成时。10.Wespentthreeyears______buildingthisbridge.参考答案：in解析："spendtimeindoingsth"固定搭配。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thebooklyingonthetablebelongstome.（×）解析：应为过去分词作定语，表示被放置的状态，应改为"thebooklaidonthetable"。2.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywenttobedearly.（×）解析：独立主格结构错误，应改为"Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywenttobedearly."3.Shesaidthatshewouldgotothepartyalthoughshewastired.（×）解析："although"与"that"矛盾，应改为"evenif"。4.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavepreparedagift.（√）解析：正确使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。5.ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveeverseensuchabeautifulsunset.（×）解析："thefirsttime"后跟现在完成时，但"suchabeautifulsunset"与"haveseen"矛盾，应改为一般过去时。6.Theweathertodayismorebetterthanyesterday.（×）解析：形容词比较级重复，应改为"betterthan"。7.ShespeaksEnglishquitegood.（×）解析：副词修饰形容词时，应为"quitewell"。8.Thetrainlefttooearlierthanexpected.（×）解析："tooearly"与"thanexpected"矛盾，应改为"earlierthanexpected"。9.Mybrotherandmeareplayingfootballnow.（×）解析：宾格误用，应改为"MybrotherandIareplayingfootballnow."10.Thisisthehousewheretheylivedfiveyearsago.（×）解析："where"应为"when"，应改为"Thisisthehousewhentheylivedfiveyearsago."四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.简述现在完成时的用法和构成形式。参考答案：现在完成时用于表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，或过去开始并持续到现在的动作。构成形式为"have/has+过去分词"。例如："Ihavefinishedmyhomework."2.虚拟语气在什么情况下使用？请举例说明。参考答案：虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的假设、建议或愿望。例如："IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallthepolice."（与现在事实相反）3."goodat"和"goodin"有什么区别？参考答案："goodat"后跟动名词，表示擅长某事；"goodin"不常用，通常用"goodat"。例如："Heisgoodatswimming."4.比较级和最高级有什么区别？参考答案：比较级用于两者之间的比较；最高级用于三者或以上之间的比较。例如："Sheistallerthanhersister."（比较级）"Sheisthetallestinherclass."（最高级）5."interestedin"和"interestedto"有什么区别？参考答案："interestedin"后跟动名词，表示对某事感兴趣；"interestedto"不常用，通常用"interestedin"。例如："Sheisinterestedinplayingthepiano."6.宾语从句和状语从句有什么区别？参考答案：宾语从句作动词的宾语；状语从句修饰动词、形容词或副词。例如："Idon'tknowwhereheis."（宾语从句）"Hearrivedearly."（状语从句修饰动词）7."too...to..."结构表示什么意思？参考答案："too...to..."表示"太...以至于不能"，表示程度过高导致无法做某事。例如："Heistootiredtowalk."8.定冠词和不定冠词有什么区别？参考答案：定冠词"the"用于特指；不定冠词"a/an"用于泛指。例如："Iboughtacar."（泛指）"Iboughtthecar."（特指）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.将下列句子改为一般过去时：Shewillgotothepartytomorrow.参考答案：Shewenttothepartyyesterday.2.将下列句子改为现在完成时：Theyfinishedtheworklastnight.参考答案：Theyhavefinishedthework.3.将下列句子改为虚拟语气：Heistootiredtowalk.参考答案：Ifheweren'ttootired,hecouldwalk.4.将下列句子改为被动语态：Someonebrokethewindowyesterday.参考答案：Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.5.将下列句子改为定语从句：ThisisthebookIboughtyesterday.参考答案：Thisisthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.6.将下列句子改为宾语从句：Shesaidshewouldgototheparty.参考答案：Shesaidthatshewouldgototheparty.7.将下列句子改为状语从句：Hearrivedearlybecausehewantedtoseehisfriend.参考答案：Hearrivedearly,forhewantedtoseehisfriend.8.将下列句子改为比较级：Sheistall.参考答案：Sheistallerthanhersister.六、案例分析（总共9题，每题2分，共18分）案例背景：Lastweekend,agroupofstudentswenttothemountainsforahikingtrip.Theyplannedtospendthreedaysthere,buttheyhadtoreturnearlybecauseoftheheavyrain.Duringthetrip,theyenjoyedthebeautifulscenery,buttheyalsofacedsomechallenges.Onestudentgotlost,buttheyfoundhimafterawhile.Theylearnedalotfromtheexperienceanddecidedtobemorepreparednexttime.1.将"Lastweekend"改为现在完成时。参考答案：Lastweekendhaspassed.2.将"theyhadtoreturnearly"改为虚拟语气。参考答案：Ifithadn'trainedheavily,theywouldn'thavehadtoreturnearly.3.将"theyenjoyedthebeautifulscenery"改为被动语态。参考答案：Thebeautifulscenerywasenjoyedbythem.4.将"onestudentgotlost"改为定语从句。参考答案：Onestudentwhogotlostwasfoundafterawhile.5.将"theyfoundhim"改为宾语从句。参考答案：Theyfoundthathehadgotlost.6.将"theylearnedalot"改为比较级。参考答案：Theylearnedmorefromtheexperiencethantheyexpected.7.将"theydecidedtobemoreprepared"改为状语从句。参考答案：Theydecidedtobemorepreparedbecausetheyhadfacedsomechallenges.8.将"theheavyrain"改为名词短语。参考答案：theheavyrainmadethemreturnearly.9.将"theexperience"改为不定冠词形式。参考答案：theexperiencetaughtthemalot.七、论述题（总共11题，每题2分，共22分）1.论述现在完成时的三种主要用法。参考答案：现在完成时主要用于：①过去发生的动作对现在的影响；②过去开始并持续到现在的动作；③过去的动作的具体时间不明确。例如："Ihavefinishedmyhomework."（对现在的影响）"Shehaslivedhereforfiveyears."（持续到现在的动作）2.论述虚拟语气的三种主要形式。参考答案：虚拟语气主要分为：①与现在事实相反的假设；②与过去事实相反的假设；③表示建议或愿望。例如："IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallthepolice."（与现在事实相反）"IfIhadknown,Iwouldhavehelped."（与过去事实相反）"Isuggestthatheshouldstudyharder."（建议）3.论述形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则。参考答案：形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则：①单音节词加"er/est"；②双音节或多音节词加"more/most"；③不规则变化。例如："taller/tallest"，"morebeautiful/mostbeautiful"，"bad/worse/worst"。4.论述介词的常见用法。参考答案：介词的常见用法：①表示时间；②表示地点；③表示方向；④表示方式。例如："inthemorning"，"attheschool"，"tothecity"，"bycar"。5.论述代词的五种主要类型。参考答案：代词的五种主要类型：①人称代词；②物主代词；③反身代词；④指示代词；⑤疑问代词。例如："I"，"my"，"myself"，"this"，"what"。6.论述定语从句的引导词和用法。参考答案：定语从句的引导词：①关系代词（who/which/that）；②关系副词（when/where/why）。用法：修饰名词或代词。例如："ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting."7.论述状语从句的七种主要类型。参考答案：状语从句的七种主要类型：①时间状语从句；②地点状语从句；③原因状语从句；④结果状语从句；⑤目的状语从句；⑥条件状语从句；⑦让步状语从句。例如："Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome."8.论述非谓语动词的三种主要形式。参考答案：非谓语动词的三种主要形式：①不定式；②动名词；③分词。例如："tolearn"，"learning"，"learned"。9.论述虚拟语气的常见句型。参考答案：虚拟语气的常见句型：①"If+主语+动词过去式，主语+would/could/might+动词原形"；②"主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形"；③"Sb+be+动词过去式，Sb+should/would/could/might+do"。例如："IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallthepolice."10.论述冠词的两种主要类型。参考答案：冠词的两种主要类型：①定冠词"the"；②不定冠词"a/an"。例如："thebook"，"abook"。11.论述固定搭配的常见用法。参考答案：固定搭配的常见用法：①动词+介词；②形容词+介词；③名词+介词。例如："interestedin"，"goodat"，"fullof"。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.C3.B4.A5.C6.A7.C8.B9.C10.B二、填空题1.if2.were3.in4.havebeen5.at6.to7.of8.than9.have10.in三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.√5.×6.×7.×8.×9.×10.×四、简答题1.现在完成时用于表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，或过去开始并持续到现在的动作。构成形式为"have/has+过去分词"。例如："Ihavefinishedmyhomework."2.虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的假设、建议或愿望。例如："IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallthepolice."（与现在事实相反）3."goodat"后跟动名词，表示擅长某事；"goodin"不常用，通常用"goodat"。例如："Heisgoodatswimming."4.比较级用于两者之间的比较；最高级用于三者或以上之间的比较。例如："Sheistallerthanhersister."（比较级）"Sheisthetallestinherclass."（最高级）5."interestedin"后跟动名词，表示对某事感兴趣；"interestedto"不常用，通常用"interestedin"。例如："Sheisinterestedinplayingthepiano."6.宾语从句作动词的宾语；状语从句修饰动词、形容词或副词。例如："Idon'tknowwhereheis."（宾语从句）"Hearrivedearly."（状语从句修饰动词）7."too...to..."表示"太...以至于不能"，表示程度过高导致无法做某事。例如："Heistootiredtowalk."8.定冠词"the"用于特指；不定冠词"a/an"用于泛指。例如："Iboughtacar."（泛指）"Iboughtthecar."（特指）五、应用题1.Shewenttothepartyyesterday.2.Theyhavefinishedthework.3.Ifheweren'ttootired,hecouldwalk.4.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.5.Thisisthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.6.Shesaidthatshewouldgototheparty.7.Hearrivedearly,forhewantedtoseehisfriend.8.Sheistallerthanhersister.六、案例分析1.Lastweekendhaspassed.2.Ifithadn'trainedheavily,theywouldn'thavehadtoreturnearly.3.Thebeautifulscenerywasenjoyedbythem.4.Onestudentwhogotlostwasfoundafterawhile.5.Theyfoundthathehadgotlost.6.Theylearnedmorefromtheexperiencethantheyexpected.7.Theydecidedtobemorepreparedbecausetheyha