考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷18

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷18

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共

30分。）

Gandhi'spacifismcanbeseparatedtosomeextentfromhisotherteachings.[Fl]Its

motivewasreligious,bulheclaimedalsoforilihaliiwasadefinitivelechnique、a

method,capableofproducingdesiredpoliticalresults.[F2）Gandhi'sattitudewasnot

thatofmostWestenipacifists.Satyagiaha,themethodGandhiaoposedandpracticed,

firstevolvedinSouthAfrica,wasasortofnon-violentwarfare,awayofdefeatingthe

enemywithouthurtinghimandwithoutfeelingorarousinghatred.Itentailedsuchthings

ascivildisobedience,strikes,lyingdowninfrontofrailwaytrains,enduringpolice

chargeswithoutrunningawayandwithouthittingback,andthelike.Gandhiobjectedto

"passiveresistance"asatranslationofSatyagraha:inGujarati,itseems,thewordmeans

"flnnncssinthetruth".[F3]InhisearlydaysGandhiservedasastretchcr-bcarcnon

theBritishsideintheBoerWar,andhewasprepared2dothesameagaininthewarof

1914-1918,evenafterhehadcompletelyabjuredviolencehewashonestenoughtosee

ihatinwaiitisusuallynecessarytotakesides.[F4]Sincehiswholepoliticallife

centredroundastrugglefornationalindependence、hecouldno【and,indeed,hedidnot

take[hesterileanddishonestlineofaetendingthatineverywarbothsidesaieexactly

thesameanditmakesnodifferencewhowins.Nordidhe,likemostWesternpacifists,

specializeinavoidingawkwardquestions.Inrelationtothelatewar,onequestionthat

everypacifisthadaclearobligationtoanswerwas:"WhatabouttheJews?Arcyou

preparedtoseethemexterminated?Ifnot,howdoyouproposetosavethemwithout

resortingtowar?"[F5]ImustsaythatIhaveneverheard,fromanyWesternpacifist,

anhonestanswer【othiscuestion,thoughIhaveheardHentyofevasions,usuallyofthe

“you'reanother,lype.ButitsohappensthatGandhiwasaskedasomewhatsimilar

questionin1938andthathisanswerisonrecordinMr.LouisFischer'sGandhiand

Stalin.AccordingtoMr.Fischer,Gandhi'sviewwasthattheGermanJewsoughtto

commitcollectivesuicide,which"wouldhavearousedtheworldandthepeopleof

GermanytoHiller'sviolence.'1

1、[Fl]

标准答案：其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧、一种方法，它可

以产生预期的政治效果。

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[F2]

标准答案：甘地的态度不同于大多数西方和平主义者的态度。Satyagraha——这个

由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既

不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在1914—191

8年战争期间他又准备这么做，即使在他彻底放弃暴力之后，他仍然很诚实地认识

到在战争中必须要有明确的立场。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：由于他的整个政治生涯都在为民族独立而斗争、因此他不能，而且他也

确实没有采取亳无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一

样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚

实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回

答。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforreflectingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressing

thesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythe

cameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer'stemperament,

discoveringitselfthroughthecamera'scroppingofreality.[Fl]Thatis,photography

hasIwodirectlyoppositeideals:inIhefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthe

photographerisamereobserverwhocounlsfoMitUe;bulinihesecond、Dhotographyis

theinstrumentoffearlessness,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.[F2]

Theseconflictingidealsarisefromuneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersand

viewersofphotogiaihstoward【heaggiessivecomponentin"taking,apicture.

Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasobserverisattractingbecauseitimplicitly

deniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.

Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,and

essentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotheris

alwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.Animportantresultofthecoexistenceof

thesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography'smeans.[F3]

Whateverarctheclaims」hatphotogiaphymightmaketobeaformofpersonal

expressionjustlikepainting,itsoriginalityiscloselylinkedtothepowerofamachine.

Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativeness

andimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton'shigh-speed

photographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.

[F4]Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographers

aretemptedtodisannthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,prcferiing

tosubmitthemselveslothelimitimposedbypre-modemcameratechnologybecausea

cruderJesshigh-poweredmachineisIhoughllogivemoreinlerestingoremoliveresults.

toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointof

honorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartierBresson,torefuseto

usemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecamera

asaninstrumentof"fastseeing".CartierBresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncamera

mayseetoolast.Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsin

taste.Thecultofthefutiire(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewish

toreturntoapurerpastwhenimageshadahandmadequality.[F5]Thislongingfor

someprimitivestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscuircntlywidespreadandundcHics

thepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandtheworkofforgottennineteenlh-

cenluryprovincialDholograDhers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,

needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.

6、[Fl]

标准答案：那就是说，摄影包含两个直接对立的观念：第一，摄影是反映世界的，

摄影者只不过是一个无足轻重的观察者：但是，第二，摄影是探索主观性的无畏工

具，摄影者决定一切。

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[F2]

标准答案：这两个相互冲突的观念源自摄影者和摄影鉴赏者对“照”相过程中的闯劲

所表现出来的不安心情。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：不论摄影可能成为一种同绘画一样的个性表现的论断正确与否，摄影的

独创性总是同照相机的机械能力密切相连的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：但是当照相叽变得越来越高级，越来越自动化时，有些摄影者很不想用

这种照相机，或者暗示实际上不用这种照相机，而宁愿用现代化以前的照相技术。

因为粗制的、较差的照相机械被认为能得到更有趣、更动人的效果，给创造活动留

有更大的余地。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：这种对某些早期摄影业的怀旧情绪目前正广泛流行。这就是目前热衷于

银板照相法和被遗忘的19世纪地方摄影师的作品的原因。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Itisnolongerjusldirtyblue-collaujobsinmanufacturing;thatarebeingsucked

offshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedIobeconsideredsafefromforeign

competition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationsto

beconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibleto

offshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeen

drawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallaborarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothe

betterkindsofjobs.[F2]Itisnolongerjuslbasicdatapsocessingandcallcentersihal

arebeingoulsourcedlolow-wagecounlries,bu【alsosoftwareprogramming,medical

diagnostics*engineeringdesignjaw,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.These

cannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-

collarworkerstogreatercompetition.Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthat

outsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.Sofarfewerthan1millionAmerican

service-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby

2015atotalof3.4millionjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistiny

comparedwiththe30millionjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.[F3]

Thetroubleisthatsuchslidesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsihatarealreadybeingoff­

shored,wheninrealitythuproportionofjobs[hatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvances

andeducationimprovesinemergingeconomics.Mr.Blindersays:"educationoffersno

protection.[F4]Highlyskilledaccounlanls,radiologistsoacomputerprogrammersnow

haveiocompetewithelectronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumble

taxidrivers,janitorsandcianeoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.Thismayhelpto

explainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000,a

biggerdeclinethaninaveragewages."Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetween

low-paid,low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledworkerswidenedsignificantly.

Butsincethen,accordingtoastudybyDavidAutor,LawrenceKatzandMelissa

Kearney,inAmerica,BritainandGermanyworkersalthebottomaswellasatthetop

havedonebetterthanthoseinthemiddle-incomegroup.Officecleaningcannotbedone

byworkersinIndia.Itistheeasilystandardizedskilledjobsinthemiddle,suchas

accounting,thatarenowbeingsqueezedhardest.【F5】Astudyconfiirnsthatworkersin

tradableservicesthatarcexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemoreskilledthan

workersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturingindustries.

11、【Fl】

标准答案：目前，被外包到海外的不只是蓝领工作，过去被认为不会受国外竞争影

响的白领工作也正在被外包到海外。

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案：不再仅仅是基本的数据处理和呼叫中心被外包给低工资国家，软件编

程、医疗诊断、工程设计、法律、会计、金融和商业咨询也正在被外包给低工资国

家。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：问题在于这样的研究仅考虑到那些已经被移往境外的工作，但实际上能

够被转移的工作的比率将会随着新兴国家的信息技术的发展以及教育的提高而上

升。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：通过电子化，'专输，高技能的会计，放射学家或者计算机的编程员现在不

得不参与到来自国外的竞争。而粗俗的计程车司机、看门人和起重机驾驶员这些工

作依然很安全不会有被移到海外的危险。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：一项研究则肯定了暴露在外国竞争下的从事可贸易服务的工人势必比那

些从事不可贸易的工人和可贸易的制造业工人的技能要求更高。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditional

senseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtrade

expandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuch

broaderthanthis;itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.

[Fl]ThenewDrotectionism.infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernment

interventioninto[heprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeis

stillthere,thuscametheterm"protection".Butwhatisnewistherealizationthat

virtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.[F2]The

emergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryofthe

interventionist,orwelfareeconomyover【hemarkcleconomy.JabTumilerwrites,MThc

oldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththe

acceptableofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistribution

mechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifonlynotmore(han)freetradersstoodfor

laissez-faire.[F3]Now.asinihe1930's,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofound

skepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties'

satisfaclion.Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatis

responsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvarious

colorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmany

communitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,the

governmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.Thevictoryofthewelfare

stateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.[F4]InSweden、Norway,Finland,

Denmark、andiheNetherlands,govemmenlinlerventioninalmoslallaspeclsof

economicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatless

true.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFrance

andcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowards

excessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.Italsohappenstobethemostsuccessful

WesternEuropeaneconomy.[F5]Thewelfarestalehasmadesignificaniprogressin

theUniledSlaiesaswellasinWesternEurope,socialsecurily,unemDloymenlinsurance,

minimumwagelaws、andrentconliolareihroughnowtraditionalwelfarestateelements

ontheAmericanscene.

16、[Fl]

标准答案：事实上，新的贸易保护主义指政府对私营经济的全部干涉是如何影响国

际贸易的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[F2]

标准答案：西方世界出现的新贸易保护主义反应了干涉主义的胜利，或者说是福利

经济对市场经济的胜利。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：现在，就像在三十年代一样，贸易保护主义是对市场能否令社会满意地

配置资源和收入能力的一种深刻的怀疑主义。

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：在瑞士、挪威、芬兰、丹麦以及荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活几乎所有

方面的干涉被认为是正常的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：同西欧一样，福利政府在美国也取得了显著的发展。社会保隙、失业保

险，最低工资的规定以及租赁控制是现在美国传统福利政府的基础。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Oftenreferredtoas"theheartofafactoringorganization,"thecreditdepartmentis

responsibleforgrantingcredittoclients'customersandforcollectingtheaccounts

receivablepurchasedthroughthefactor.[Fl]Whenfactoredclientssubmitcustomer

ordersforcreditapproval,thecreditdepartmentanalyzesthefinancialconditionand

creditworthinessofcustomer,thenmakesadecisiontoapproveordeclineiheorder.

Thedepartmentmustthenmonitortheconditionofapprovedcustomersandcollectall

duereceivables.Carefulcreditcheckingandeffectivecollectionproceduresinthis

departmentcangreatlyreducetherisksinherentinfactoring.Astheheadofthecredit

department,thecreditmanagerisresponsibleforseeingthatthedepartmentoperates

effectively.[F2]Hemusldevelop【hefactor'screditpoliciesinconsultationwilhsenior

factoringassociates、andheisinoverallcommandofeverythingfromcreditand

collectionslobankruptcyandliquidations.Ifonlythefactorisacommercialbank

division,thecreditmanagerisabankvicepresident,andcreditpolicymustalsobe

approvedthroughtopmanagementofthebank.[F3]Assistingthecreditmanagermay

beseveralsupervisorswhohavecreditresponsibilitiesoftheirownandwhoalsooversee

theanalysisandapprovalofcustomerordersthroughthecreditspecialists.Credit

supervisorstypicallyspendabouteightypercentoftheirtimehandlinglargecustomer

orders.Ifonlyacustomerorderexceedsasupervisor'screditauthority,heisresponsible

formakingrecommendationstothecreditmanager.Asupervisoralsoreviewsa

subordinate'screditdecisionifonlythesubordinateisunsureoftheextentofthecredit

riskorifonlyaclientquestionsaparticularcreditdecision.Inextremelylargecredit

exposures,supervisor'sbeartheresponsibilityforanalyzingthecreditpositionofthe

customersanddecidingoncreditlimits.Todothis,theymustregularlyobtaincurrent

datafromvariouscreditinformationsources.Theymustalsohaveextensivecontactwith

eachcustomertodetermineoperationalperformanceandprogress.Frequently,

supervisorsarecalledupontogiveadviceonwhatshouldbedonetoimprovea

company'sfinancialcondition.[F4]Meetingalliheseresponsibilitiesreauiresihaieach

supervisorconlinuouslyobserveandstudyiheinduslrieswi【hwhichheisconceited,so

thatheiscapableofanticipatingmarketchangeswhichmayaffecthisaccounts.[F5]

AsuDervisor'smajorchallengeistomaintainafinebalancebetweenthedemandsof

clientsthatalltheircustomerordersbeapprovedandtheaucstionablcfinancialposition

ofsomeofthecustomers.Inreviewinganycreditdecision,asupervisormustbecapable

ofweighingavarietyofelements,includingthepossibilityoflosingtheclient,the

customer'screditposition,andtheextentofanypossibleloss.

21、[Fl]

标准答案：当进行代理融资的客户提出对其消费定单提供信贷批准时，信贷部门要

对消费者的财务状况和信贷价值进行分析，然后决定接受或者拒绝这一要求。

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、[F2]

标准答案：他必须与融资方高级员工进行磋商，改进对融资方的信贷政策，并且全

面掌握与信贷、收款、以至破产、流动性相关的各种事项。

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、[F3]

标准答案：协助信贷经理工作的可以是几名监督人员，他们有他们自己的信贷责

任，同样监视着信贷专家们对消费定单所进行的分析以及批准。

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、[F4]

标准答案：为尽到所有这些职责，每一位监督人员要不断地观察研究与其相关的行

业，好让自己能够预见到可能对他经管的信贷账目产生影响的市场动态。

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、[F5]

标准答案：一个监督人员的主要挑战是在客户提出所有消费定单均获得信贷批准的

要求与一些消费者不确定的财务状况之间保持好的平衡。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Asanyparentsofayoungchildwhoisaproblemsleeperwillconfirm,pnimanent

tiiednessandconstantirritabilitycanputahugestrainonyourrelationshipInfact,

accordingtoasurvey,lackofsleepisabigfactorindivorceandseparationforathirdof

couples.[F2)AheadofanewseriesonihesubjectapnllcairiedouiforChannel4

suggestsiheaverageparenlsurveyedgolfewerihansixhoursofsleepanighl,whichalso

foundihalthreein10coupleswhohadsHKUDsaidsleepdeprivationsincehavingiheir

childwasafactorin〔hebreakup.Nearly45%saidtheyhaddozedoffinaplacethey

shouldn'thaveorwasunsafe,withonein20admittingtofallingasleepatthewheelof

theircar.Childrenwakingthroughoutthenight,aswellasthestruggletogetchildrenoff

tobedatarespectablehour,wereequallyimportantissuesforparents.Nea