考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷258

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷258

一、阅读（补全短文）（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共

20分。）

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsfordevelopingself-esteemquotient,followed

byalistofevidences.ChoosethebestevidencefromthelistA〜Gforeachnumbered

subheading（1〜5）.Therearetwoextraexampleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.So,how

doyouraiseyourself-esteem?Hereareseveraltipsfordevelopingyourself-esteem

quotient:[Cl]Beopen-minded-hearcritiqueandcriticism,butonlyhearthemashalf­

truths.Everyonehastheirownsidetoastory,asdoyouandotherpeoplewhoknowyou.

"[C2]Startpraisingandstopcritiquing.Byacceptingothersandtheirweaknesses,

youstarttoacceptyourself.[C3]Seesuccessestakeappropriatecreditforyour

successes.Chalkthemuptodedication,hardworkandyourpositivethinking.[C4]

ProvideSclf-carepayattentiontotheneedsofyourheart,mindan（ibody.Followtheir

leadandlearnfromyourself.Whenyoulearntolistentoyourneedsandwantsandtake

actiontomeetthem,youelevateyourself-worth.Youbecomeimportant.Howyouueat

yourselfishowotherslearntotreatyou.[C5]Havegoalsbethepersonyouareand

becomethepersonyouwanttobe.Inotherwords,participateintheactoflivingyour

life.Makechoices.Beproactive.Giveyourselfonemonthforpracticingtheabovetips

andyouwillseeamajordifferenceinthegrowthofyourhealthyself-esteem.[A]When

youstopfindingfaultinothers,youlearntoletuponyourself.Thisincludes,stop

criticizingyourself!Learntoviewyourfailuresandweaknessesasmilestonestoguide

youonyourway.Oftenyoulearnthemostunderpressureandfromourhardesttimes.

[B]Thismeansacceptcomplimentsfromothersregardlessofyourbeliefbehindtheir

motivations.Lookthecomplimenterintheeyesandsay,"thankyou."Theyare

immediatelyrewardedandacknowledgedfortheircomplimentandyouareestablishing

patternsformorecomplimentsinthefuture.Complimentsdefinitelyhelpindiretimes

andbecomeawayofreceivinginstant,externalconfirmationandvalidation.[C]View

yourfailuresandweaknessesastemporarystatementsaboutyourexistence.Bynomeans

aretheypeimanent,unlessyouperseverateaboutthem.'Askyourselfwhatyourideal

personwithhealthyself-esteemwoulddotomoveforward.Conjureuptheanswerand

focusonthesolution.Thinkpresent,notpast![D]Yourroadtoahealthyself-esteemis

pavedbyyourchoicesinthepresent.Change（hewayyouevaluateyourexperiencesand

youcanchangethewayyoufeelaboutyourself.Lowself-esteemcontinuesoutof

practiceofbadhabits.Youcanchangeahabitafterthirtydaysofinstillinganew

behavior.[E]Ifyoufeelbadlyaboutsomecritiqueyoureceived,donotstewonitinstead

askanotheryourespectwhattheirtakeis.Doremember,thatone'snegativetalkabout

anotherisoftenjustapn^jectionofone'sowninternalconflictsandfears.Theydump

thesefearsinsteadofowningthem.[F]Trysomethingneworgiveyourselfpermissionto

dosomethingyouhavealwayswantedtodo.Begentlewithyourimperfectionsand

shortcomings,anddonotallowthemtobecomeroadblocks.Letgoofperfectionand

focusondirection.[G]Dcnotbelieveinluckandchance.Instead,knowthatyou

magnetizedyoursuccessestoyouthroughanextensionofyourenergyandefforts.

Acceptresponsibility.Praisethesuccessesinothers.Knowthattheirsuccessesopenthe

doortoyours.

1、[Cl]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：第(1)段的主要内容是要用正确的心态来面对评论和批评。E选项的例

子主要是讲当•个人面对批评.特别是难以接受的批评时应该怎么做，与标题相对

应。

2、[C2]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第⑵段的主要内容是一个人要获得自尊就必须停止批判并接受他人

的缺点。A选项是说我们要停止对包括自己在内的枇判，学会正是缺点和弱点。与

该段落的主旨相吻合。

3、[C3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：第⑶段的主旨是要通过奉献、努力工作和积极思考来获得成功.并

且要相信自己能获得成功。G选项则在第(3)段的基础上进一步说明了如何获得成

功。

4、[C4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：第(4)段说明了我们要关注自己的身心需要，并不断地满足这些需

要。因为我们如何对待自己，别人也就会如何对待我们。选项B则以赞美为例，

从赞美他人需要得到回荻的角度说明了如何对他人进行反馈，以满足他们的身心需

要。

5、[C5]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：第(5)段的主要内容是我们要为自己的目标而不懈努力，成为自己想

要成为的人。选项F是说我们要做自己想做的事，抛开缺陷和弱点，找准方向，

不懈努力，与段落内容相符。

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestionsI〜5.youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A~Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandtheIasiparagraphshavebeenplacedlor

youinBoxes.[A]SohowdidthisplayitselfoutwhenIhadtorenderBob"redundant?"I

tookmyboss'ssuggestionandsearchedthefirmforajobBobcouldhandle,andfound

one.Hisproblemwasnotalackoftalent,afterall,buthewassimplystretchedtoothin.

|B|I'vehadtofireothersinniy40-yearcareerasamanager,Ialwaysfoundthebehavior

problemseasiertodealwith,butfiringsomeoneforpoorperformance,evenafter

reviews,warnings,anddiscussions,wasnevereasy.ButasfarasIcantelkitnevercame

asasurprise,either.Ifyoucannotbringyourselftofiresomebodywhocan'torwon't

perform,thensupervisionisnotforyoubecauseitgoeswiththeterritory.|C[SinceIwas

notoneofthosecallouspeoplewhocanhandlesuchchoreseasily,Ipsychedmyselfup

forthemeeting,summoningmycourageandplanningmymoves,(somewhatasifitwere

myjobontheline).IstartedbydiscussingBob'sperformancewithhim,thengavehim

sixmonthstomeetourstandards,whichIexplicitlylaidout,andconcludedbysaying

thatifhecouldn'tmakeit,I'dfireortransferhim.[Dll'mretirednow.soIdon'tneedto

lookhard-workingunderlingsintheeyeandsay,"Joe,you'rejustnotcapableofdoing

thisjob.I'velookedforotherjobsinthecompany,andtherearcnone.SoI'llhavetolet

yougo."|E|Whenthesixmonthsnearlyexpired,justas1wasgettingreadytotake

action.Bobcameintomyoffice,ofhisownaccord,andaskedforthetransfer.Itwasnot

justawaytosaveface,butalsoawayforitsbothtoavoidanastyconfrontation,and

madeclearhistacitacknowledgmentthathewoulddobetterintheless-demandingjob.

[F]It'sdifficulttofireanyoneforincompetence,particularlyifthepersonishardworking,

cooperative,andhastriedtoimprove.Toooften,thiskindofterminationispostponed

untilitcanbecamouflagedbehindageneralcutbackorreorganization.Thisiseasier,

psychologicallyspeaking,but1don'tthinkitmakessense.Incompetenceshouldbeacted

uponwhentheincompetenceisdetermined;itshouldnotbestalled,inthewordsof

Robert'sRulesofOrder,'tosometimeindefinite."[G]IwasagainactingonSteve's

suggestionthatnobodyshouldbeshockedatbeingfired:"Ifanybodyissurprisedto

receiveapinkslip,thenthesupervisorisn'tdoinghisjob,andshouldbefiredfor

incompetencetoo."Steve'spointwasthatpeopleshouldbegivenachancetoimprove,be

toldexactlywhatwasexpected,andbetreatedfairly.Order:

，一0」」屯亡]一巨1二H"卜叵『m

6、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章结构发展惯例，文章开篇交代了文章的背景(background

information).点明主题(thesisstatement)。根据这一特点阅读各个选项。文章开篇

指出如果一个人工作能力强，具有团队合作精神，并且不断进行自我提升，那么对

这类员工的辞退要隐蔽地进行，但这不包括对不称职员工的辞退。选项D则讲述

了作者作为一名退休的经理人如何辞退一名员工，与F相衔接。

7、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本段描述了一个具体的情景，即如何通过调整岗位来达到解雇一名虽

有才干，但在某些方面不适合岗位工作的员工的目的。与F选项中“尤其是这个人

努力工作、合作性强并且设法提高自己”相衔接。

8、

标准答案：C

知识点3析：承接A选项对于鲍勃岗位调整的情景，描述了作者如何对员工的岗

位进行调整以及该岗位的工作要求、期限和迭不到要求的后果。

9、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：本段承接C选项，论述了对员工要一视同仁，对有才干的员工要给

他改进工作的机会，如果能满足期望，则可以继续留任，否则，就会被辞退。这不

会让员工对解雇感到惊讶。也是对C选项中鲍勃的工作调整案例进行的理论论

述。

10、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段承接C和G选项关于鲍勃工作调整的问题继续说明六个月后鲍

勃的工作反馈。其中“sixmonths”是一个衔接点.

Youarcgoingtoreadatextaboutstrategicsforimprovingrendingprocess,followedby

alistofevidences.ChoosethebestevidencefromthelistA~Fforeachnumbered

subheading(l-5).Thereisoneextraevidencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Beforewe

offerspecificstrategiesforreadingarguments,let'sexaminesomegeneralstrategiesthat

canimproveyourabilitytoreadanykindofcollegelevelmaterial,fromcomplex

textbookstoprimarysourcesinahistoryorphilosophycourse.[Cl]Slowdown:

Advertisementsforspeedreadingmisleadusintobelievingthatexpertreadersread

rapidly.Infact,expertsreaddifficulttextsslowly,oftenrereadingthemtwoorthree

times,treatingtheirfirstreadingslikefirstdrafts.[C2]Getthedictionaryhabit:When

youcan'ttellaword'smeaningfromcontext,getinthehabitoflookingitup.[C3]

Loseyourhighlighter/findyourpen:Relyingonthoseyellowhighlightersmakesyoutoo

passive.Nexttimeyougettheurgetohighlightapassage,writeinthemarginwhyyou

thinkit'simportant.[C4]Reconstructtherhetoricalcontext;Trainyourselftoask

questionssuchasthese:Whoisthisauthor?Whataudienceisheorshewritingfbr?What

occasionpromptedthiswriting?Whatistheauthor'spurpose?[C5]Jointhetext's

conversationbyexploringyourviewsontheissuesbeforereading:Todeterminethe

text'sissuesbeforereadingitthrough,notethetitle,readthefirstparagraphscarefully

andskimtheopeningsentencesofparagraphs.Continuetheconversationafteryour

reading:Afteryoifvereadatext,trycompletingthefollowingstatementsinajournal:

"Themostsignificantquestionthisessayraisesis...”'ThemostimportantthingI

learnedfromthisessayis...'*"Iagreewiththeauthorabout...,r"However,Idisagree

about..."Thesequestionshelpyourememberthereadingandurgeyoutorespond

activelytoit.[AJAnypieceofwritingmakesmoresenseifyouthinkofitsauthorasa

realpersonwritingforsomerealpurposeoutofrealhistoricalcontext.[B]Onestrategyis

tomakesmallticmarksnexttowordsyou'reunsureof;thenlookthemupafteryou're

donesoasnottobreakyourconcentration.[C]Convertingthepassageintoyourown

languageforcesyoutofocusontheprecisemeaningsofwords.Althoughyourtranslation

maynotbeexactlywhallliuaullioriiilcndud,youseemureclearlywherellicbouiucsof

confusionlieandwhatthelikelyrangeofmeaningsmightbe.[D]Theyholdconfusing

passagesinmentalsuspension,hopingthatlaterpartsoftheessaywillclarifyearlier

parts.They"nutshell"orsuminarizepassagesinthemargins.Theyinteractwiththetext

byaskingquestions,expressingdisagreements,linkingthetextwithotherreadingsor

withpersonalexperience.[E]Youcanthenexploreyourownviewsontheissue.Thissort

ofpersonalexplorationattheprereadingstagebothincreasesyourreadinessto

understandthetextandenhancesyourabilitytoenjoyit.[F]Isitamajornewpointinthe

argument?Asignificantpieceofsupport?Asummaryoftheopposition?Aparticularly

strongorparticularlyweakpoint?Usethemarginstosummarizethetext,protest

vehemently,askquestions,giveassent-butdon'tjustcolorthepages.

11、[Cl]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本段的主旨是阅读是要放慢速度。段落开始介绍了第一遍阅读时需要

做的工作。D选项则描述了在阅读过程中遇到问题时应该怎么做，与标题相符。

12、[C2]

标准答案：

知识之解析B：本段介绍了阅读议论文的第二种方法：养成查字典的习惯。文章指出

当我们遇到生词时无法从上下文推断词汇意思时，就要查字典(lookilup)。B选项

则指出当我们阅读文章时，遏到不熟悉的词时可以做个记号，在阅读之后再查字

典，与文章标题相吻合。其中，lookthemup是关键词。

13、[C3]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：本段介绍了阅读文章的第三种方法：用笔写出自己的观点。文章指出

我们要自己动笔写出对文章的看法，而不是仅用荧光笔把重点部分标注出来。选项

F则举出我们可以针对文章提出的具体问题进一步说明可以写出哪些观点。选项中

的"colorthepages”与文章中“yellowhighlighters”可以作为一个对应点。

14、[C4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本段的主要内容是从修辞学上对文章进行重组。段落开头指出读者要

训练自己对文章的作者、预期的读者、写作背景、写作目的等问题的思考能力。A

选项则从角色互换的角度再次重申了这些问题。与段落主旨相符。其中选项A中

的“asarealpersonwriting","somerealpurposeoutofrealhistoricalcontext”与段落中

的“Whatistheauthor'spurpose”相呼应。

15、[C5]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段主旨是要对文章讨论的话题挖掘自己的观点。段落介绍了拿到文

章时的阅读顺序，即了解话题，阅读前几段，以及各段起始句。选项E则进一步

指出挖掘自己的观点对于理解文章的重要作用。其中"exploreyourownviews"是选

项与标题的对应点，then是承接上文的过渡词。

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutsometipsforgettingtheraise

youdeserve.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumbered

paragraph(l-5).Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.[A]Makethe

RightMoves[B]AssessYourself[C]KnowWhentoLetGo[D]FindoutWhatYou're

Worth[E]CheckandDouble-Check[F]BeConfident[G]UsetheRightWordsYouve

beenworkinghard-cominginearly,stayinglate,andpickingupextraresponsibilities.

Nowyou'relookingforaraisetorewardyourefforts—butyou'renotsurehowtogo

aboutit."Womentypicallyearn20to30percentlessthanmenwiththesamejobtitles

becausetheystrugglewithsalarynegotiating."saysRobinRyan,careercounselor.Here

shehighlightsclassicnegotiatingmistakesandsharesrulesforgettingtheraisetowhich

you'reentitled.[Cl]Manywomenoftendon'trealizethattheycanaskfor

moremoney,orthey'reafraidthatdoingsowilljeopardizethejoboffer—areactionRyan

attributestotheissueofself-worth."AsBlackwomen,wemaybesensitiveaboutthe

stereotypethatweallhaveattitudes.It'scultural.Mostofusarebroughtuptobe'nice1,

andwedon'tliketocomeacrossastooaggressive,"shesays.Butbeingproactiveabout

yourcareerisneverwrong.[C2]Incrementalraisesarestandardbutmaynot

accountforalltheworkyoudo."Atleastonceayear,youneedtodoyourowncareer

checkup,"saysRyan."Askyourself:Am【happy?HaveItakenonadditional

responsibilities?Am1workingabovemyjobtitle?"Createachartthatoutlinesthejob

youwerehiredforincomparisontoyourcurrentresponsibilities."Youmightbeableto

makeagoodcaseforapromotion,whichwouldcomewitharaise,"shesays.[C3]

Resourcessuchassalary,comcangiveyoutheaveragepayforyourpositionin

yourindustrybasedonyourlocation.Usetheaverage,alongwithyourself-assessment

andwhereyoulive,todetermineyouroverallworth.(Forexample,thecostoflivingin

LosAngelesmaynotstretchasalaryof$35,000asfarasitwouldinKansasCity.)You

canalsobargainbyaskingforadditionalvacationtimeandperkstoyourbenefits

package.Areyouanewhire?Askaboutasigningbonus,aswellasspecificofferings(for

instance,flextime,vacation,paidleaves,tuitionreimbursement),andworktheminto

yourcompensationdiscussion.[C4]Ifyou'vesavedthecompanytimeor

moneywithoneofyourideas,tootyourownhorn."Youwanttotalkaboutadjusting

yoursalarytocompensateyouforwhatthecompany