考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷275

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷275

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Ifthereisonecentral,recurringmistaketheUnitedStatesmakeswhendealingwithrhe

restoftheworld,itistoassumethatcreatingpoliticalstabilityiseasy.Theadversariesin

IraqandAfghanistanremindusthat"themostimportantdistinctionamongcountries

concernsnottheirformofgovernmentbuttheirdegreeofgovernment."Lookaround.So

manyoftheworld'sproblems—fromterroristsinWaziristantothedevastatingAIDS

epidemicinAfricatopiracyinSomalia-arecausedormadeworsebygovernmentsthat

areunabletoexerciserealauthorityovertheirlandsorpeople.Thatwasthecentral

insightofSamuelP.Huntington,thegreatestpoliticalscientistofthelasthalf-century,

whodiedonChristmasEve.HuntingtonismostfamousfbrTheClashofCivilizations,

buthisscholarlyreputationproperlyrestsonhisearlierwork.Hisanalysisofpolitical

orderhadimmediate,real-worldapplications.Whilestudyingthetopic,hewasaskedby

LyndonJohnson'sadministrationtoassesstheprogressoftheVietnamWar.After

touringtheplaceheargued,in1967and1968,thatAmerica'sstrategyinSouthVietnam

wasfatallyflawed.TheJohnsonadministrationwastryingtobuythepeople'ssupport

throughaidanddevelopment.Butmoneywasn'tthekey,inHuntington'sview.The

segmentsofSouthVietnam'spopulationthathadresistedtheVietCong'seffortshad

donesobecausetheyweresecurewithineffectivelocalcommunitiesstructuredaround

religiousorethnicties.TheUnitedStates,however,wantedtocreateamodern

Vietnamesenationandsorefusedtoreinforcethese"backward'*sourcesofauthority.

This40-year-oldanalysisdescribesourdilemmainAfghanistantoday.Huntington

noticedatroublingtrend.Sometimes,progressAmericanstylemorepolitical

participationorfastereconomicgrowth-actuallycreatedmoreproblemsthanitsolved.

Ifacountryhadmorepeoplewhowereeconomically,politicallyandsociallyactiveand

yetlackedeffectivepoliticalinstitutions,suchaspoliticalparties,civicorganizationsor

crediblecourts,theresultwasgreaterinstability.Thathasbeenthestoryofpartsofthe

ThirdWorldoverthepastthreedecades.ThinkofPakistan,whosepopulationhasgone

from68millionin1975to165milliontoday,whileitsgovernmenthasprovedill

equippedtotacklethebasictasksofeducation,securityandsocialwelfare.Living

throughchange,peoplehaveoftenstuckwiththeiroldestandmostdurablesourceof

security:religion.ThatwasthemostimportantmessageofTheClashofCivilizations.

Whileotherswerecelebratingthefallofcommunismandtheriseofglobalization,he

sawthatwithideologydisappearingasasourceofhumanidentity,religionwasreturning

tothefore.

1、ThecentralinsightofSamuelP.Huntingtonrefersto

A、governmentshavethepowertoestablishrealauthority.

B、govemments,inabilityresultsinmanyglobalprob'ems.

C、governmentsshouldrelyontheirpeopletoexercisepower.

D^terrorismcanbedefeatedonlyifgovernmentsworktogether.

标准答案：B'、

知识点解析:段落细节题。centralinsightofSamuelP.Humington可定位至第

一段，其中提到，“世界上如此之多的问题，包括恐怖分子、艾滋病及海盗，都是

由政府的无能引起的或使情况恶化……以上是亨廷顿的主要见解”，因此正确答案

为B项。

2、Huntington'sanalysisofpoliticalorderhadimmediate,real-worldapplicationsinthat

A、hispoliticalviewstracebacktoauthenticstudyofVietnamWar.

hisacademicachievementshavechangedsomeglobalenvironments.

C^hisanalysismakesproblemsinVietnamaswellasAfghanistanclear.

D、hisideasarcthefundamentalsfbrAmerica'sstrategyinVietnam.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：因果细节题。根据immediate,real-worldapplications可定位至第二

段。其中提到“他对政治秩序的分析立即被运用到现实世界中“，而后面整段说的是

他对越南战争的分析，解释了越南战争为何失败以及如今美国在阿富汗的困境，因

此本题正确答案为C项。

3、WhatisthetroublingtrendthatHuntingtonhasnoticed?

A、Americaistoeffectivelyreconstructpoliticalinstitutionsworldwide.

B、AmericanstyleofenterpriseisnotproperinPakistan.

C、Americaistocopyitswayofboostingeconomyinothercountries.

D、Americanwayofhandlingthingshascausedsometroubles.

标准答案：D:「

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据thetroublingtrend可定位至第三段。其中提到，

“有时候，美国化的推进——更多的政治干预或更快的经济发展——实际上造成了

更多的问题而非解决了问题”,这就是令人困扰的趋势.所以D项为正确选项.

4、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

A、Ifgovernmentsareunabletoexerciseitsauthenticauthority,warswillneverbeseen

again.

B、Ifacountrylackedsuccessfulpoliticalparties,itwillbethreatenedbysocialin

stability.

C^VietnamWaristheresultofpoorgoverning,insecuredomesticandglobal

environment.

D、LocalpeopleinVietnamwelcomedtheideaofcreatingamodernnationwithlitile

interest.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。第四段中说到，“如果一个国家缺乏有效的政治机制，

例如政党、民间组织或双威的法庭，其结果将是社会更加动荡”，因此B项为正确

选项。

5、ThemostimportantmessageofTheClashofCivilizationsisthat

A、theoldestsourceofsecurityliesinbelief.

peoplebelieveinvariousconcepts.

C、peoplecannotgetawayfromreligion.

D、allideologiesleadtoreligion.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：例证细节题。根据mostimporlantmessage定位至末段。其中提到，

“生活在动荡变幻局势下的人们通常坚持安全感最古老最持久的来源：宗教。这就

是《文明的冲突》一书所要传达的最重要的信息因此，此题显然选C项。

Writingfbranhistoricalseriesistricky,andtheoutcomeisnotalwaysasuccess.The

bestoverallEuropeanhistoryinEnglishistheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope,butitwas

uneveninquality,anditsufferedbecausethevolumesappearedsofarapartintime.The

newPenguinHistoryofEuropehasonlyrecentlybegun.Butjudgingbythissecond

volumeinaprojectedeight-volumeseries,itisgoingtobeasmashingsuccess.Tim

Blanning,aCambridgehistoryprofessorbringstohisperiodknowledge,experience,

soundjudgmentandacolorfulnarrativestyle.Hisbroadrangeisevidentfromthestart

when,inplaceoftheusualrecitationofpoliticsandbattles,heexpoundsonsuchthemes

ascommunications,transport,demographyandfarming.Indeed,muchofwhatmightbe

seenastraditionalhistoryispushedbacktothefourthandfinalpartofthebook.Notthe

leastofMr.Blanning'sachievementsishisintegratedapproachtotheentirecontinert.He

jumpsnimblyfromSpaintotheLowCountries,fromRussiatoAustria,fromPrussiato

Turkey.ManyofEurope'sroyalfamilieswererelated,afterall.Theauthoralsoexpertly

placesthehistoryofthetwogreatestrivalsoftheday,EnglandandFrance,initswider

Europeancontext.AnyBritishEuroscepticwhothinkshiscountry'shistoryisdetached

fromcontinentalEurope'swouldrealizefromeventhemostinadequatereadingofthis

bookhowboundupwiththecontinentithasinfactalwaysbeen.The17thand18th

centuriesinEuropewere,aboveall,aperiodofwar.Indeed,itseemedattimesasif

FranceandAustria,theleadingmartialpowersin1648,didlittleelsebutfight.

Sometimeswarhelpedtostimulateeconomicandcommercialdevelopment.Rutitis

strikingthatitfelltoBritain,whichenjoyedatleastafewyearsofpeace,topioneer

Europe'sindustrialization.Thebookisstrongeronthe18thcenturythanonthesecond

halfofthe17th,reflectingtheauthor'sownhistoricalbias.Anotherweaknessisthat,

thoughthereisareasonablebibliography,ithasnofootnotescitingsources,ascandalous

omissioninaworkwithseriousacademicpretensions.Italsosometimestakesfor

grantedabasicgroundinginthehistoryoftheperiod,whichmaybeproblematicfor

studentsatwhomitispresumablyinpartaimed.ButoverallMr.Blanninghasproduced

atriumphantsuccess.

6、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope?

A、Somepartsaregood,whileothersnot.

B、Itisaneight-volumehistoricalseries.

C、Itisnotasuccessfulhistoricalseries.

D、Itbecomeslessfamousastimegoesby.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据theoklFonlanaHisloryofEurope定位到第一段。

其中讲到该书质量参差不齐(uneveninquality),编写时间间隔过长也使书籍受影

响，A项与文中内容相符。

7、Inthesecondvolume.TimBlanningwrotetheHistoryofEurope

A、inatraditionalway.

B、inanunconventionalway.

C、inaseparateway.

D、inafunnyway.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据TimBlanning定位到第二段。第一段最后说，从

刚出版的第二册就可以看出这套书将大获成功。第二段自然就是对新版《欧洲史》

已经出的书的介绍。根据inplaceoftheusualrecitationof...（不同于常规的...）

可以看出，第二册《欧洲史》是TimBlanning用不同于常规的方式写的，因此B

正确。

8、FranceandAustriaarementionedinParagraph4toshowthat

A、theyweretheleadingEuropeanmilitarypowersinthe17thcentury.

B、warbetweenthesetwocountriesfailedtospureconomicandcommercial

development.

C、warwasquiteacommonthinginthe17thand18thcenturiesinEurope.

D、thewarbetweenthemmadethemlagbehindEnglandindevelopment.

标准答案：C」」

知识点解析：事实细节题，考杳例证细节。答案一般在举例的前后句中。第四段举

France和Austria这两个当时的军事大国不时打仗的例子是为了证明它前面的那句

话一欧洲的17、18世纪是战争的世纪，故选C项。

9、TheauthorthinksMr.Blanning^workisflawedbecause

A^itisethnicallybiased.

B、itisuneveninquality.

C、itlacksbibliography.

D^itomitsthefootnotes.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据flawed“有缺陷的”一词定位到末

段，对应的单词为weakness。末段提到两点缺陷：一个是author'sownhistorical

bias,另一个是nofootnotes。D项表示“遗漏了脚注”与原文意思一致，故选D。

10、WccanleantfromthetexlthatthesecondvolumeofIliePenguinHistoiyofEurope

A^isthebestbookonoverallEuropeanhistory.

B、overtlycriticizedBritishEuroscepticism.

C、exploredtheEuropeanhistoryseparately.

D^isanoverallsuccessdespitecertainflaws.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。最后一段中作者客观地指出企鹅出版社新出的《欧洲

史》尽管有缺陷，但总的来说是成功的，D项与之相符。

There'sahugehoo-hainAmericaaboutanarticlepublishedonthebusinesswebsite

F.Itstartsofflikethis:"Guys:awordofadvice.Marryprettywomenorugly

ones.Shortonesortallones.Just,whateveryoudo,don'tmarryawomanwithacareer."

Thewriter,MichaelNoercitesapieceinSocialForces,aUSresearchjournalthathas

apparentlyfoundmarryingaworkingwomandramaticallyupstheriskofhavinga

difficultmarriage.Eventhosewitha"feminist"outlookarehappierwhentheirhusband

istheprimarybreadwinner.Youcanimaginetheoutcrythearticlehascaused.Women

readersaren'thappy.WhatisinterestingaboutallofthisisthatIsuspectNocr'scentral

point-thatworkingwomenaretroubleandthatyou'rebetteroffwithanobedientlittle

breederor,indeed,atrophywife一ismorewidelyheldbymenthanyouorImight

imagine.Ilstemsinpartfromasweetbutinanedesireforfirstclassmalehood—meman,

meprovide,megainbig-eyedgratitudeforacewage-earningskills—andfromchronic

sexualinsecurity.Ifyournicelittlewifeissafelyathomeallday,insteadofrunning

aroundtheboardroomwithmenwhomightbesomewhatmuchbetterthanyou,she's

morelikelytoadmireyourmanlyskillsandtalentswhenyoucomehomeatnight,and

notrealizewhatshe'smissing.That'sthetheory,anyway.Thepractice,Ihaveobserved

overtheyears,issomewhatdifferent.Menlovenothingmorethancominghometoan

orderedhouse,sleepingchildren,dinnerintheovenandacocktailwaitingonthetable,

buttheydon'tnecessarilygoawholehogontheconversationthatgoeswithit:"Sucha

funnythinghappenedatplaygroup";"I'vefoundthatifIpureethebroccoli,theydon't

reallynoticethey'reeatingit".Andsoon.Thenwomenareallsurprisedwhenmenseem

nottolisten,ortobedistracted.Shedoesn'twanttotalkaboutbroccolieitherbuther

brainseemstobewitheringmoreandmorewiththebirthofeachchild.Shewantsto

watchNewsnightbutshe'stootired.Howcanshebetired,thehusbandwonders,when

she'sathomeallday?Whatdoesshedo?Idon'twanttogetdrawnintotheunproductive

namecallingthatpassesfordebateonthequestionofv/orkingversusstay-at-home

women.Thepoint,surely,isthatwomenshouldhavethefreedomtodoexactlywhat

theywishtodowiththeirlives,andthatveryfreedomisonlyrealifitoriginatesfrom

womenthemselves.Marryamanwhoishappyforyoutobeyou,happywhetheryoudo

ordon'twork.

11、InMichaelNoer'sview,marryingacareerwomanisriskybecause

A^careerwomenwillusuallygetunhappy.

B、careerwomenarefeministsanddemanding.

C、it'smorelikelytoleadtoanunhappymarriage.

D^themarriageisboundtobedifficult.

标准答案：C

知识点角1斤：事实细节题。考查因果细节，根据MichaelNoei•定位到第一段。其中

讲到男人娶职业女性，婚姻出现问题的可能性更大，故C项与之相符。

12、Theword"outcry"(Linc1,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto

A、controversy.

B>consequence.

C^aloudcry.

D^protest.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干定位在第二段，本段讲述了这篇文章的影响

力，下文说到女性读者会很不高兴，可以猜测出其隐含意思是此文章使大众哗然，

引起抗议，D项语意最为接近。

13^Accordingtotheauthor,manymenprefertrophywivestoworkingwomenbecause

A、theyfeelworkingwomenarctrouble.

theydesirefirstclassmalehoodandsexualsecurity.

C^theyfeelworkingwomenarenotsafeathome.

D、theylovethecomfortablehometheirwiveshavemade.

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：事实细节题。考查因果细节。作者观点在第四段，从该段推断出，男

人们想要的无非是妻子营造的家的温馨，因此选D。

14、ThetwoquotedsentencesinLines4-5,Paragraph4areusedtoshowthat

A、housewivesliketotalkabouttrivialthingsinlife.

B、menliketohavelightconversationswiththeirwiveswhentheyarriveathome.

C、menlikethefeelingofacomfortablehomebutnotnecessarilythetrivial

conversations.

D^womenarcenergeticandtalkativebecausetheydon'thavetoworkoutside.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段。本段讲述了男人喜欢一个舒适

的家，但不一定喜欢和妻子聊家常，C项与之相符。

15、Theauthorholdsinthelastparagraphthatwomenshould

A^givebirthtofewerbabiesanddolesshousework.

B、findsomeonewhosupportstheirdecisionsabouttheirlives.

C、talkwiththeirhusbandsandthendecidewhattodowiththeirownlives.

D^breakupwiththeirhusbandandgetthefreedomtheywant.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：观点态度题。从最后一段最后一句可以推断出作者的观点态度，即女

人应该嫁给一个能真正给她自由。不管她选择什么样的生活方式都喜欢她的人，B

项与之相符。

Youwrinkleyournoseandnarrowyoureyelidsifyouseeadeadratintheroad,butyou

openyoureyesandmouthwideifyouseealiveoneinyourbedroom.Whyisthat?

Facialexpressionsareusuallythoughtofassimpletoolsofcommunication,butinhis

bookTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimalsCharlesDarwinproposedthat

theymayprepareustoreacttosituationswhenhenoticedthatsomeexpressionsseemed

tobeusedacrossculturesandevenspecies.NowJoshuaSusskindandhiscolleaguesat

theUniversityofToronto,Canada,haveputthatideatothetest.Susskind'steam

wonderedwhetherthecharacteristicexpressionsoffear—eyeswideopen,eyebrows

raisedandmouthagape-mightimprovehowsensoryinformationisacquiredandso

increasealertness.Converselydisgust-withthefaceallsqueezedup-mightbluntthe

senses,shieldingusfromunpleasantsightsandsmells.Theresearchersaskedsubjectsto

completevarioustestswhileholdingafearful,disgustedorneutralexpression.Inone

theyhadtoidentifywhenaspotenteredtheirfieldofview.Inanothertheywererequired

toshifttheirfocusasquicklyaspossiblebetweentwotargetsonacomputerscreen.How

muchairthevolunteersbreathedinwhileexpressingfearanddisgustwasalsomeasured.

Ineachcasethewide-eyedHomeAlonc(thcmovieseriesstarringMacaulayCulkin)facc

letsignificantlymoreoftheworldin.Subjectswithwide-openeyesdetectedperipheral

objectsmorequicklyandperformedside-to-sideeyemovementsfaster.Theyalsotookin

moreairwitheachbreathwithoutexertinganyextraeffort.AnMagneticResonance

Imagingscanshowedthenasalcavitywasenlargedwhilesubjectsheldthisexpression,

whichtheteamsuggestcouldbelinkedwithagreaterabilitytoabsorbodors."These

changesarcconsistentwiththeideathatfear,forexample,isaposturetowardsvigilance,

anddisgustaposturetowardssensoryrejection,"saysSusskind.Histeamisalreadyat

workonexperimentstoexploretowhatextentthebraincanusethisextrainformationto

enhanceperformance."Whatwasnicewasthenumberofdifferentwaystheygotatthis

question,"saysElizabethPhelpsatNewYorkUniversity."Theywereverycreative/She

thinkstheworkcouldopenupawholenewwayofthinkingaboutfacialexpressions.

16、CharlesDarwin'sTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimalsproposed

thatfacialexpressionsmight

actasasimpletoolofcross-culturalcommunication.

B、getpeoplereadytothechangesofcircumstances.

C、bedifficulttounderstandindifferentcultures.

D^equippeoplewiththeknowledgeofotherspecies.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:观点态度题。根据TheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals

岸位到第一段。该段中出现该书名的语句中有一转折信号词but,讲一步表明这是

重要信息出现的地方。该句指出达尔文认为面部表情可以帮助我们及时对周围形势

做出反应，故选B项。

17>InJoshuaSusskind'sresearch,theresearc