考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷242

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷242

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Surveysshowthatcheatinginschool—plagiarism,forbiddencollaborationon

assignments,copyinghomeworkandcheatingonexams-hassoaredsinceresearchers

firstmeasuredthephenomenononabroadscaleat99collegesinthemid-1960s.The

percentageofstudentswhocopiedfromanotherstudentduringtestsgrewfrom26

percentin1963to52percentin1993,andtheuseofcribnotesduringexamswentfrom

6percentto27percent,accordingtoastudyconductedbyDr.DonaldMcCabeof

Rutgers.Bythemid-1990s,onlyasmallminoritysaidtheyhadnevercheated,meaning

thatcheatinghadbecomepartoftheacceptablestatusquo.Dr.McCabe'slaternational

surveyof25,000highschoolstudentsfrom2001to2008yieldedequallydepressing

results:morethan90percentsaidtheyhadcheatedinonewayoranother.Dr.Jason

StephensoftheUniversityofConnecticuthasnowembarkedonathreeyearpilot

programtoreducecheating.Hispremiseisthathonestyandintegrityarenotonlyvalues

butalsohabits—habitsthatcanbeencouragedinschoolsettings,withpositivebenefits

laterinlife.Theprogramseekstoenliststudentsandteachersinsixhighschoolsin

promotingacultureofhonesty.Schoolswillbeaskedtoconsiderhonorcodes,and,since

peerpressureisvitallyimportant,studentswillbeinvitedtohelpshapepoliciesand

strategiestodiscouragecheating.Twoschoolsaresuburbanandwealthy,twoaremiddle

class,twoareurbanandpoor.Oneschoolfromeachpairwillworktoendthecheating

epidemic,andtheotherwillserveasthecontrolgroup.Thechallengeisdaunting.

Studentsofbothgendersandeverydemographicgroupcheateventhoughtheyknowitis

wrong,amindsetDr.Stephensdescribesas"acorrosiveforce"especiallywhenitis

acquiredintheearlyyearsofmoraldevelopment.Thefactthatsomanystudentscheat

doesn'tmakethemintrinsicallybad,hesays:"It'snotacaseofthebadseed.It'smorelike

badsoil."Butthere'shope.The1993studysuggestedthatcheatingdroppedinschools

thatencouragedacultureofintegrity—eitherbyformallyinstitutinganhonorcodeorby

stressingateveryturntheimportanceofhonestyandintegrity.Alollow-upstudyshowed

thatdishonestbusinessbehaviorwaslowestamongemployeeswhohadattendedschools

withanhonorcodeandwhoseworkplacesencouragedethicalbehavior.Iftheeffort

showsresults,Dr.Stephensplanstoenlistmoreschoolsinthehopethateventuallya

standardizedprogramwillbeadoptedthroughoutthestate.Ifthathappens,bothstudents

andsocietyasawholewillprofit.

1、Itisshowninsurveysthatacademicplagiarism.

A、hasbeenanacceptablepracticeinsociety

B、hasbecomemorerampantamongstudents

C、wasaphenomenonprevalentat99colleges

D、waspopularinschoolswhenfirstmeasured

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第一段中的"Surveysshowthatcheatinginschool...hassoared...”，

以及第二、三段所提供的具体数据，B应为答案。

2、AccordingtoastudybyRutgers..

A、cheatingonexamshadbecomemoreprevalent

B、numerousstudentsusedcribnotesduringexams

C、morethan90percentofstudentshadevercheated

D、copyingduringtestsexceededcopyinghomework

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第二段第一句"Thepercentageofstudentswhocopied...duringtests

grew...,andtheuseofcribnotes...wentfrom6percentto27percent,accordingtoa

studyconductedby…Rutgers"，A应为答案。

3、Byinitiatingapilotprogram.Dr.Stephensintended.

A、topromotethecultureofacademicmorality

B、toprovethevalueofhonestyandintegrity

C、totestifytothepositiveeffectsofhonesty

D、tolessentheplagiarisminschoolsettings

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第四段第一句"Dr.JasonStephens...hasnowembarkedona

three—yearpilotprogramtoreducecheating"，D应为答案。

4、Thepilotprogram.

A、hastofacetheserioussituationofdishonestyinschools

B、helpsdrawuppoliciesandstrategiestoreducecheating

C、identifiesamindsetas"acorrosiveforce"forstudents

D、atteststotheinclinationofbothgendersforcheating

标准答案：A」」

知识点解析：根据第六段中的“Thechallengeisdaunting.Studentsofbothgenders

andeverydemographiegroupcheat..A应为答案。

5、Dr.Stephensisoptimisticabouttheprospectofhisprogramsince.

A、bothschoolsandworkplacestrytoencourageethicalbehavior

B、amodifiedprogramwillsoonerorlaterbeadoptedeverywhere

C>theefforttodiscouragecheatinghasshownsomepositiveeffects

D、alltheschoolsemphasizetheimportanceofhonestyandintegrity

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第八段中的"Butthere'shope....cheatingdroppedinschoolsthat

encouragedacultureofintegrity..第九段中的“…dishonestbusinessbehaviorwas

lowestamongemployees...以及最后一段中的“Ifiheeffortshowsresults,

Dr.Stephens...state.Ifthathappens,bothstudentsandsociety...willprofif\C应为

答案。

EventhoughthenumberoflegalandillegalimmigrantsintheUnitedStateshasrisen

sharplysincetheearly1990s,thesizeandconditionoftheeconomicunderclasshasnot.

Infact,byseveralmeasuresthenumberofpeopleinAmericalivingonthebottomrungs

oftheeconomicladderhasbeeninalongtermdecline.Moreover,thoseimmigrantswho

populatetheunderclassappearonthewholetobemoresociallyfunctionalthantheir

native-borncounterparts.Considerthemostbasicmeasureoftheunderclass:thenumber

ofpeoplesubsistingbelowtheofficialpovertylineasmeasuredbytheCensusBureau's

CurrentPopulationSurvey(whichmeasuresallindividualsresidingintheUnitedStates,

regardlessofstatus).Between1993and2007一thatis,beforethecurrentrecessiontook

hold-thenumberofindividualslivinginpovertydeclinedfrom39millionto37million.

Thenumberofimmigrantslivinginpovertyincreasedbyamillion,butthiswasoffsetby

adropof3millioninthenumberofnative-bornAmericansinpoverty.Theperiodsaw

anincreaseof1.8millioninthenumberofHispanicslivinginpoverty,butthiswas

dwarfedbythe3.8milliondeclineamongnon-Hispanics,includinga1.6million

declineamongblacks.Anothermeasureoftheunderclassisthenumberofadultswithout

ahigh-schooldiploma.Anadultoraheadofhouseholdwithoutahigh-schooleducation

isalmostinvariablyconfinedtolower-wageoccupationswithlimitedprospectsfor

advancement.Sureenough,ihctrendineducationfollowsthatofpoverty.From1993

through2006,thenumberofadultsinAmericaage25andolderwithoutadiploma

declinedfrom32millionto28million.ThenumberofadultHispanicdropoutsroseby3.

9million,muchofthatduetotheprogenyoflow-skilledillegalimmigrantsfromMexico

andCentralAmerica.Rutamongtherestofthepopulation,thenumberofdropouts

plungedby8.1million.Educationalattainmentbycitizenshipstatuscoversaslightly

differentperiodbutconfirmsthetrend.From1995to2004,thenumberofadultswithout

ahigh-schooldiplomadeclinedby2.9million.Anincreaseof2.4millioninthenumber

ofimmigrantdropoutswasoverwhelmedbyadeclineof5.3millioninnativehorn

dropouts.Asaresultoftheseunderlyingtrends,theunderclassinoursocietyhasbeen

shrinkingasitsfacehasbecomemoreHispanicandloreign-born.

6、WelearnfromthetextthatthelowerclassintheU.S.

A、hasbecomediminished

B、hasbeenonthesteadyrise

C^hasalwaysbeenfunctional

D、consistsmainlyofimmigrants

标准答案：A

知识点解析:根据第"段中的“…thenumberofpeopleinAmericalivingonthe

bottomrungsoftheeconomicladderhasbeeninalong—termdecline”,A应为答案。

7、Before2008,poorpeopleinAmerica.

A、increasedbyatleastamillion

B、decreasedbyasmanyas3millions

C、livedbelowtheofficialpovertyline

D、wereobviouslyreducedbyandlarge

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第二段中的“…befbrethecurrentrecessiontookhold-thenumber

ofindividualslivinginpovertydeclinedfrom39millionto37million”,D应为答案。

8、AmongpeoplelivinginpovertyintheU.S..thenumberofhasrisen.

A、native-bornAmericans

B、foreign-bornAmericans

C、bothnon-Hispanicsandblacks

D、bothHispanicsandnon-Hispanics

标准答案：B

知识点解析:根据第二段中的"Thenumberofimmigrantslivinginpovertyincreased

byamiHkm…"，B应为答案。

9、Bysaying"thetrendineducationfollowsthatofpoverty",theauthormeansthatpoor

people.

A、havefewprospectsforprogress

B、tendtobeinsufficiencyeducated

C、engageinlower-wageoccupations

D、aremainlylow-skilledimmigrants

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第三段最后两句，贫穷的西班牙裔中途辍学的人数大幅度上升，

而此时其他群体中途辍学的人数却大幅度减少，即穷人受的教育往往较少，所以B

应为答案。

10、WhichofthefollowingcontributestotheshrinkageoftheunderclassintheU.S.?

A、Theconfirmationoftheeducationaltrend.

B、TheincreaseofHispanicandforeign-born.

C、Thetendencyinbothpovertyandeducation.

D^Theperiodcoveredbyeducationalattainment.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据全文最后一句"Asaresultoftheseunderlyingtrends,the

underclassinoursocietyhasbeenshrinking…”可知，"theseunderlyingtrends”即本文

所讨论的“贫困人数的减少和中途辍学人数的减少这两个趋势“对于社会下层的缩小

起了作用。所以，C应为答案。

Notallofthepotentialsolutionstoclimatechangearefuturistic,expensiveorexotic.In

fact,mostAmericanscanfindoneofthemostsignificantcarbon-reducinginnovationsof

thelast30yearsstandingintheirkitchens,keepingthebutterhard.Refrigeratorssoldin

theUnitedStateshavegrown5%moreenergyefficienteveryyearsince1975.Today

theysave200billionkilowatt-hoursofelectricityayearcomparedtowhatthey'duseif

theywerestillbuiltto30-ycar-oldstandards,oraboutathirdoftheannualoutputofall

thenationsnuclearplants.Upgradedfridgeshaveloweredelectricitybillsforconsumers

andavoidedmillionsoftonsofcarbonthatwouldotherwisehavebeenemittedbypower

plants.Heatingandair-conditioningsystemsalsohavegrownmoreefficient,and

fluorescentlightbulbsarcabigstepaheadofpower-hungryincandcsccnts.Criticsof

governmenteffortstofendoffglobalwarmingoftencomplainthattheeconomiccosts

aren'tworththegains-bettertoadaptlatertoawarmerplanetthansuffernowby

turningdownthethermostat.Thisargumentreliesonalotofdubiousassumptions,

startingwiththenotionthatqualityoflifewon'tbesignificantlyreducedinaworld

plaguedbydrought,wildfires,increaseddiseaseandfamine,morepowerfulstorms,mass

speciesextinctionandhighersealevels.Italsoassumesthatthecostofcleaningupafter

allthatwillbelessthanthecostofpreventingitfromhappening.NicholasStern,former

chiefeconomistwiththeWorldBank,estimatesthatfailingtoinvestincuttingcarbon

wouldeventuallycostupto20%inlostincomeworldv/ide.ThefinalreportfromtheU.

N.'sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangepointedoutthatadaptingtoglobal

warmingisanecessitybecauseit'stoolatetostoptheprocess,butthatdoesn'treducethe

needtoheadofftheworsteffects.Global-warmingdeniersarerightaboutonething:

Phasingoutfossilfuelswillbeexpensive.Butthemosteffectivewayofdoingsonot

onlydoesn'taddcosts,itsavesmoneyandboostseconomies.Energyefficiencyisthe

fastest,safestandcheapestmethodcurrentlyavailableforcuttingcarbonemissions.Its

alsooneoftheleastunderstood,becauseitinvolvesalotmorethanaddinginsulationto

buildingsorinstallingpower-sippingairconditioners.Tomakereallyheftyefficiency

gains,theU.S.mustfollowCalifornia'sleadinrestructuringincentivesforutilities,and

regulatoryagenciesshoulddomuchmoretoencourageimportantinnovationssuchas

cogenerationplants.

11、Bycitingtheexampleoffluorescentlightbulbs,theauthorintendstoshow

that.

A、theyaremoreenergyefficientthanincandescent:

B、theyarconeofthebestinnovationsweeverknow

C、solutionstoclimatechangearenotnecessarilyunusual

D、manymeasureshavebeentakentofightglobalwarming

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段第一句"Notallofthepotentialsolutionstoclimatechange

arefuturistic*cxpcnsivcorexotic”和第二段最后一句“…fluorescentlightbulbsarcabig

stepaheadofpower-hungryincandcscents,\C应为答案。

12、Theauthorpointsoutthatrefrigerators.

A、havebecomemoreandmoreadvanced

B、consumelesspowerthaneverbefore

C、areresponsibleforglobalwarming

D、initiatecarbon-reducingcampaign

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第二段第一句"RetHgerators…havegrown5%moreenergyefticient

everyyearsince1975”，B应为答案。

13、Somepeoplecriticizegovernmentfortheeffortstodiminishglobalwarming,for

theybelievethat.

A、it'sbetterfbrpeopletoliveinawarmerworld

B、it'smorecost-efficienttocleanuptheworldlater

C^thequalityoflifewillbecomehigherinthefuture

D、peoplecanadapttowhateverchangetheymayface

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第三段最后一句"Italsoassumesthatthecostofcleaningupafterall

thatwillbelessthanthecostofpreventingitfromhappeningM,B应为答案。

14、Theauthorarguesthat.

A、ifstoolatetostoptheprocessofglobalwarming

theinvestmentincuttingcarbonboostseconomies

C^it'sobviouslyanecessitytoadapttoglobalwarming

D、theworsteffectsofglobalwarmingcanbealleviated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第四段最后一句中的“…butthatdoesn'treducetheneedtoheadoff

theworstef伦cts”和最后一段第二、三句"Butthemosteffective

way...economies.Energyefficiencyis...forcuttingcarbonemissions”,D应为答案。

15,Theauthorsuggeststhatcurrentlyweshouldtocutcarbonemissions.

A、improveenergyefficiency

B、developregenerationplants

C^reducetheuseoffossilfuels

D、investinnewformsofenergy

标准答案：A_

知识点解析：根据最后一段中的“Energyefficiencyisthefastest,safestandcheapest

methodcurrcntlyavailablcfbrcuttingcarbonemissions”,A应为答案。

Individualscanmaketheworldabetterplacebyconsideringeveryoneisanindividual

andacceptingthediversitiesinthisworld.Considerationofothersisamajorcomponent

incommunication.Communicatingourwishestoothers,withoutdemandingorfeeling

weareowedsomething.Humilityisanothervirtueusedtoenablepeopletocoexist

withouthostilityandbigotry.Consider,everyoneintheworldhasthesamebasicneeds

andwants.Weallwishtohaveapprovalandsucceedatthethingswedo.Becourteousin

yourdealingswitheveryindividualandalwaysberespectfultowardsthem,thiswillaid

inmakingtheworldabetterplace.Randomactsofkindnesstoperfectstrangerswould

certainlyenhancehowwefeelabouteachother.Speaktoothersasyoupassthemonthe

street.Wecanturnthistrendaroundanditdoesstartwithjustoneindividual.Startv/ith

thankingpeoplefbranysmallfavor.Don'thesitatetohelpsomeoneifyoucan.The

resultsareremarkableandcontagious.Tellafriendandsoonthosefriendswilltellother

friendstobekinderandgentler.Positivetrainsofthoughts,reallydostopatmoststops.

Invitepeopletogetonboard.Hopefullysoonthetrainwillbecrowded.Wouldn'tthatbe

abetterplacetolive?Abasicprincipletaughttousbymostreligionsis"Dountoothers

asyouwouldhavethemdountoyou".Iwantsomeonetobekindtome.Thatismycue

tobekindtothemalso.Wecanallhaveahandinmakingthisworldabetterplace.

Respectourplanet.Everyonewantstoattendnicecleanbeachesandwalkdownastreet

withouttrashstrewneverywhere.Discipliningourindividualcharacterswillenhance

howwetreatothersandhowwefeelaboutourselves.InAustralia,apopulargreetingis

"Gooddaymate”.It'sclever,quaint,andsoundsnicetoo.Thefirstandverylastthingwe

candoisprayforoneanother.Thatwomanyoujustpassedonthestreet,youdon'tneed

toknowhername.YoucanjustaskGodtoblessher.Wouldn'titbewonderful,if

strangersyoumet,gaveyoutheirblessings?Whatawonderfulworldthiscouldbe.We

canstartbysayingthissimplephrase,"MayGodBlessyou".LouisArmstrongsingsin

hissong,"whatawonderfulworldthiscouldbe".Heimagineditandsangaboutit.So

canI.Thesearcallconsciousefforts.Everyindividualcanmake.

16、Welearnfromparagraph1that.

A、humilityusedtoco-existwithhostility

B、respectingeachotherbenefitstheworld

C^everyonedemandsnormalcommunication

D、everyonecanmakethe