大数据专业英语教程（第2版） 习题参考答案 张强华

《大数据英语教程》习题答案Unit1〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题1.Insightsfrombigdatacanenableallemployeestomakebetterdecisions—deepeningcustomerengagement,optimizingoperations,preventingthreatsandfraud,andcapitalizingonnewsourcesofrevenue.2.Velocityreferstothespeedatwhichthedataisgenerated.SomeofthefactorsthatexacerbatethistrendaretheproliferationofsocialmediaandtheexplosionofIoT.3.Becausewearelivinginanincreasinglydigitalworldwheretechnologyhasinvadedintoourglassesandwatches,thevarietyofdatathatisgeneratedismind-boggling.4.Veracityimpliesthatthedataisverifiableandtruthful.5.Informationsiloshavealwaysexistedwithinenterprisesandhavebeenoneofthemajorroadblocksintheattempttoextractvaluefromdata.6.Relevantinformationshouldnotonlybeinexistence,butalsobevisibletotherightpersonattherighttime.7.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,300hoursofvideoareuploadedeveryminuteonYouTube.8.Oneofthecornerstonesoftraditionalstatisticsisstandarddeviationandvariability.9.Informationthatismoremeaningfulorcriticaltotheunderlyingbusinessobjectiveneedstobeprioritized.10.ItisderivedfromLatin,itimpliesconnectivityorlinkage.〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.analysisparalysis1.过度分析2.bigdata2.大数据3.businessintelligencetool3.商业智能工具4.demonstrate4.vt.示范,证明,论证5.unstructuredtext5.非结构化文本6.源数据；基础数据；基本数据6.underlyingdata7.数据仓库7.datawarehouse8.标准差，标准偏差8.standarddeviation9.n.分析学,解析学,分析论9.analytics10.adj.基础的，基本的10.fundamental〖Ex.3〗短文翻译云计算是对通过互联网提供托管服务的总称。这些服务大致分为三类：基础设施即服务（IaaS）、平台即服务（PaaS）和软件即服务（SaaS）。云计算名称的灵感来自于云的符号，在流程图和图表中该符号通常用来代表互联网。与传统托管不同，云服务有三个明显特点。云计算是按需（通常按分钟或小时）销售的；有一定的弹性——用户可以在给定的任何时间内得到他们所需要的服务；这些服务完全由提供者来管理（客户只需一台个人电脑并将其接入因特网）。由于虚拟化和分布式计算中的重大创新以及高速互联网和疲软的经济因素，人们对云计算的兴趣越来越浓。〖Ex.4〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）〖Ex.5〗根据课文内容回答问题1.Bigdataanalyticsistheprocessofcollecting,organizingandanalyzinglargesetsofdata(calledbigdata)todiscoverpatternsandotherusefulinformation.2.Bigdataanalyticscanhelporganizationstobetterunderstandtheinformationcontainedwithinthedataandwillalsohelpidentifythedatathatismostimportanttothebusinessandfuturebusinessdecisions.3.Toanalyzesuchalargevolumeofdata,bigdataanalyticsistypicallyperformedusingspecializedsoftwaretoolsandapplicationsforpredictiveanalytics,datamining,textmining,forecastinganddataoptimization.4.Thefirstchallengeofbigdataanalyticsisinbreakingdowndatasilostoaccessalldataanorganizationstoresindifferentplacesandoftenindifferentsystems.5.Asecondbigdatachallengeisincreatingplatformsthatcanpullinunstructureddataaseasilyasstructureddata.6.AccordingtoDatamation,today'sadvancesinanalyzingbigdataallowresearcherstodecodehumanDNAinminutes,predictwhereterroristsplantoattack,determinewhichgeneismostlylikelytoberesponsibleforcertaindiseasesand,ofcourse,whichadsyouaremostlikelytorespondtoonFacebook.7.Manybigdataprojectsoriginatefromtheneedtoanswerspecificbusinessquestions.8.Withtherightbigdataanalyticsplatformsinplace,anenterprisecanboostsales,increaseefficiency,andimproveoperations,customerserviceandriskmanagement.9.Thebusinessareagettingthemostattentionrelatestoincreasingefficiencyandoptimizingoperations.10.Itmainlytalksaboutthe10hottestbigdatatechnologiesbasedonForrester’sanalysis.

Unit2〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容，回答以下问题。AccordingtoGartner,over80%ofenterprisedataisunstructured.Examplesincludeemails,ITlogs,customerserviceinteractions,andbusinessdocuments.Abigdatastrategyisacomprehensiveplanthatoutlineshowanorganizationwillmanage,store,analyze,anduselargevolumesofdatatoachieveitsgoals.Datamanagementconcentratesonthetechnicalaspectsofdatahandling,storage,processing,andsecurity.Adatastrategy,ontheotherhand,takesaholisticview,consideringhowdatadrivesbusinessoutcomesandhowitcanbeintegratedintotheoverallbusinessstrategy.(4)Consolidatedatasourcesintoaunifiedplatformtoreducesilos.Developreal-timedataprocessingforquickerdecision-making.UseadvancedanalyticsandMachineLearningtoforecasttrendsandmitigaterisks.(5)Theprimarygoalofdatacollectionistocaptureasmuchrelevantinformationaspossibletofuelanalyticsanddecision-makingprocesses.(6)ETL(Extract,Transform,Load)toolsanddatalakesorcloud-basedsolutions.(7)Effectivedatagovernanceinvolvesdefiningcleardataownershipandstewardshiproleswithintheorganization,settingstandardsfordataquality,andestablishingprocessesfordatalifecyclemanagement.(8)Descriptiveanalytics,diagnosticanalytics,predictiveanalytics,andprescriptiveanalytics.(9)Prescriptiveanalytics

suggestsactionsthatcouldshapefutureoutcomes,providingaproactiveratherthanreactiveapproachtobusinessstrategy.(10)Whendesigningafuture-proofarchitecture,weshouldconsiderdatalakesandwarehouses,datapipelines,andscalablestorageandcomputeresources.〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.diagnosticanalytics1.诊断性分析2.dataintegration2.数据整合3.datacollection3.数据收集4.datalake4.数据湖5.datasilo5.数据孤岛，数据竖井6.访问控制6.accesscontrol7.大数据策略7.bigdatastrategy8.数据清理8.datacleansing9.n.加密9.encryption10.n.见解，洞察10.insight〖Ex.3〗短文翻译。什么是数据战略？数据战略是所有数据实践的基础。它并非是对数据问题的临时补救措施，其涉及的也不只是数据——它是一项长期的指导性规划，明确了为应对数据挑战、支持业务目标所必需的人员、流程和技术。制定成功的数据战略，要求企业领导者以审慎且客观的态度，从数据的视角审视业务，并预测需要采取哪些行动来实现公司既定的特定目标。企业领导者应考虑以下方面：●员工需要什么，以便更有效地使用数据。●确保企业数据的可访问性和高质量性所需的过程。●能够实现公司数据存储、共享及分析的技术。数据战略的目标是解答整个组织应如何利用数据来辅助做出优化的业务决策这一问题，并制定出一套将人员、流程和技术的作用有机结合的计划，从而将该计划变为现实。〖Ex.4〗用下面方框中的词填空。1decision,2knowledge,3collecting,4strategy,5organize,6direction,7analysis,8governance,9objectives,10foundation〖Ex.5〗根据文章所提供的回答问题。Datamanagementreferstotheprocessofhandling,storing,maintainingandorganizingdatainastructuredandefficientmanner,encompassingdataresources,facilitatingbetterdecision-making,analysisandoperations.Becauseitpromotesaccessibilityanddatausability,maximizesdatavalue,improvessecurityandprivacyofdata,andmaintainsconsistencyandaccuracywithindataprocessing.ThefiveelementsofSMARTgoalsindatamanagementarespecific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtime-bound.Itdefinesroles(whoownsthedata,whocanaccessit,whoisresponsiblefordataqualityandsecurity),responsibilities(tasksassignedtoeachrole),andprocesses(proceduresfordatacollection,storage,usage,anddeletion).Onecanensuredataqualityassurancebyimplementingdataqualitychecks,settingupdatavalidationrules,andregularlyperformingdatacleansing.Thethreedatasecuritymeasuresmentionedinthepassageareaccesscontrols,dataencryption,andregularsecurityaudits.Thestepsinvolvedinstreamliningdataintegrationsarechoosingtherighttools,standardizingdataformats,anddatamapping.Gooddocumentationmakesdataeasiertounderstandanduseforeveryoneintheorganization.(9)Adatalifecyclemanagementplandefinesdataclassification,datastoragestrategies,anddataretentionpolicies.(10)Becausetheyhelpidentifydataqualityissues,assessdatasecurityposture,andensurecompliancewithregulations.

Unit3〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题。Dataacquisitionistheprocessofobtainingreal-worlddatathatservesasthefoundationforcreatingsyntheticdatasets.Itinvolvescollectingauthenticdatasamplesfromrelevantsourceslikedatabases,APIs,ordataproviders,whichareusedtotrainmodelsoralgorithmsforgeneratingsyntheticdatamimickingthestatisticalpropertiesandpatternsoftheoriginaldata.Dataacquisitionisessentialbecauseitenablesorganizationstoacquire,manage,andusedataresponsibly,ethically,andeffectivelywhilesafeguardingindividuals'privacyrightsandmaintainingdataintegrity.Sixmainreasonsarementionedinthepassage.Thefollowingarethethreeofthem:●Controlleddatasourcingfromtrustedproviders.●Compliancewithprivacyregulations(e.g.,GDPR,HIPAA).●Assuranceofdataqualitythroughvalidationandcleansing.Controlleddatasourcingallowsorganizationstosourcedatafromtrustedandreliablesources,ensuringthedatameetsqualitystandardsandcomplieswithprivacyregulations.Ithelpsmitigatetherisksassociatedwithlow-qualityorunauthorizeddata.Bycarefullyselectingandacquiringonlythedatanecessaryforspecificpurposes,organizationscanreducetheexposureofsensitiveinformationandprotectindividuals'privacyrights.(6)Byimplementingqualityassurancemeasuresduringdataacquisition,suchasvalidationchecks,datacleansing,andde-duplication,organizationscanensurethedataisfitforitsintendedpurpose.(7)Inindustrialsettings,dataacquisitionisusedtomonitorandcontrolmanufacturingprocesses,equipmentperformance,andproductquality.(8)Intransportationandlogistics,dataacquisitionisusedtomonitorvehicleperformance,trackshipments,optimizerouteplanning,andimprovefleetmanagement(9)Theyareimproveddecisionmaking,enhancedefficiencyandproductivity,real-timemonitoringandcontrol,bettercustomerinsights,innovationandcompetitiveadvantage,regulatorycompliance,data-driveninsights,andriskmanagement.(10)TheyareSQLandNoSQLdatabases,webscrapingtools,APIs(ApplicationProgrammingInterfaces),dataintegrationplatforms,datamarketplacesandproviders,dataannotationandlabelingtools,andopendataportalsandrepositories.〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.dataacquisition1.数据采集2.dataintegrity2.数据完整性3.real-timedata3.实时数据4.algorithm4.n.算法5.anomaly5.n.异常值6.n.重复6.duplication7.n.完整性7.integrity8.n.参数8.parameter9.n.特性9.property10.n.模拟10.simulation〖Ex.3〗短文翻译。增强现实与虚拟现实渐获青睐增强现实（AR）通过智能手机或专业眼镜等设备叠加数字内容，并借助传感器收集数据，从而无缝融入虚拟元素，提升现实环境。而虚拟现实（VR）则通过头戴设备和能够感知动作的传感器，让用户沉浸于完全数字化的环境之中。这些技术在企业中有广泛应用，包括逼真的培训模拟、提升工作效率的在职辅助、全新的营销方案，以及虚拟工作场所中的远程协作。除了这些运营方面的益处，增强现实和虚拟现实还提供了大量数据分析的机会，使企业能够从用户互动中获取洞察。这种数据驱动的方式不仅提升了消费者体验，还在原型制作和培训等领域降低了成本，使增强现实和虚拟现实成为企业提升运营水平、吸引受众并引领技术创新的重要工具。〖Ex.4〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）。1collecting,2media3real-time4insights5decision-making6scalability7product8integration9adjust10innovation〖Ex.5〗根据课文内容回答问题。1.ItstandsforExtract,Transform,Load.In

\o"Computing"computing,

itreferstoaprocessin

\o"Database"database

usageandespeciallyin

\o"Datawarehouse"datawarehousing.2.ETLsystemscommonlyintegratedatafrommultipleapplications(systems),typicallydevelopedandsupportedbydifferentvendorsorhostedonseparatecomputerhardware.3.ThefirstpartofanETLprocessinvolvesextractingthedatafromthesourcesystem(s).4.Inmanycases,extractingdatarepresentsthemostimportantaspectofETL,becausethiscorrectlysetsthestageforthesuccessofsubsequentprocesses.5.Ingeneral,theextractionphaseaimstoconvertthedataintoasingleformatappropriatefortransformationprocessing.6.Ifthedatafailsthevalidationrulesitisrejectedentirelyorinpart.7.Animportantfunctionoftransformationisthecleaningofdata,whichaimstopassonly“proper”datatothetarget.8.Theloadphaseloadsthedataintotheendtarget.9.Inreallife,theslowestpartofanETLprocessusuallyoccursinthedatabaseloadphase.Databasesmayperformslowlybecausetheyhavetotakecareofconcurrency,integritymaintenance,andindices.10.AcommonsourceofproblemsinETLisabignumberofdependenciesamongETLjobs.

Unit4习题答案〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题。1.Pythonisageneral-purposeprogramminglanguagethatprogrammersusewhenintegratingdataanalysiswithwebapplications.2.DatascientistsandtechnicalanalystspreferPythonbecauseitisanopen-sourceprogramminglanguagethatoffersmultipledatamanipulationandplottinglibraries,suchasPandasandMatplotlib.Itcansupportvariedanalyses,integratewiththird-partypackages,andhasalargecommunitythatsharesonlineresources.3.Risanopen-sourceprogramminglanguagethatusersutilisetoworkwithgraphicsdatavisualisationandstatistics.4.WithR'spackageslikeggplot2,userscanenhancetheabilitiesofdatavisualisationwithinthisstatisticalprogramminglanguageandcreateappealinggraphstoshowpatternswithinbigdatasystems.5.Scalasupportsbothfunctionalprogrammingandobject-orientedprogramming(OOP).6.Javawasdevelopedin1995.Programmersuseittowriteproductioncodethatenablesthemtousebig-dataalgorithms.7.SQLstandsforStructuredQueryLanguage.Itisusefulwhenworkingwithcomplexdatasetsoutsidearelational-databaseenvironment.8.Whendealingwithcomplexmachine-learningalgorithms,theadvantageofusingC++isthatitcanprocessdataingigabytesinjustafewseconds.Italsoallowsconductingpredictiveanalyticsinrealtimeandkeepingrecordsconsistent.9.Inbusiness,Gocanbeusedtointegratecomputationallyexhaustivealgorithmswithalllevelsoforganisationalstructure.Itmakespre-processing,transforming,analysing,modellingandvalidatingeasy.Italsohelpsdevelopmodernbusinessintelligenceplatforms,collectandorganisedataefficiently,andcanbeintegratedwithvariousmachine-learningframeworks.10.Juliaisaprogramminglanguagethatoffersrobuststatisticalapplicabilityandaninteractivecommandline.Itoutperformssomeotherlanguageswhenworkingwithlinearalgebra,asitsupportsseveralmachine-learningequationsandmatrixes.〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.analyticssystem1.分析系统2.dataarchitecture2.数据架构3.dataloading3.数据加载4.datamodel4.数据模型5.deployment5.n.部署6.n.引擎6.engine7.n.生态系统7.ecosystem8.n.迭代8.iteration9.adj.神经的；神经网络的9.neural10.n.模板10.template〖Ex.3〗短文翻译。什么是R语言？1.R语言简介R既是编程语言，也是用于统计计算和图形的环境。它是一个类似于S语言和环境的GNU项目，由JohnChambers及其同事在贝尔实验室（以前归AT＆T，现在归朗讯科技）开发。R语言可以被认为是S的另一种实现。它们有一些重要的区别，但是给S语言编写的很多代码在R语言中不加改变就可以运行。R语言提供了各种各样的统计和图形技术，包括线性和非线性建模、经典统计测试、时间序列分析、分类、聚类及其它，并且它具有良好的可扩展性。S语言通常是统计方法研究的首选工具，R提供参与该活动的开源路线。R语言的优势之一是可以轻松地制作精心设计高品质图形，包括需要的数学符号和公式。遵循自由软件基金会的GNU通用公共许可证的条款，R以源代码形式提供。它可以在各种UNIX平台和类似系统（包括FreeBSD和Linux）、Windows和MacOS上进行编译和运行。2.R环境R是用于数据处理、计算和图形显示的集成软件套件。这包括：●有效的数据处理和存储工具，●一组用于对数组（特别是矩阵）进行计算的运算符，●一个大型、一致的集成数据分析中间工具集合，●用于数据分析并将其在屏幕显示或硬拷贝输出的图形工具，以及●开发良好、简单有效的编程语言，包括条件、循环、用户定义的递归函数和输入输出工具。R像S一样，围绕真正的计算机语言进行设计，它允许用户通过定义新功能来添加附加功能。对于计算密集型任务，可以在运行时链接和调用C、C++和Fortran代码。高级用户可以直接编写C代码来操作R对象。〖Ex.4〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）。1.code2.program3.processing4.save5.operations6.interpreted7.type8.libraries9.readable10.compiled〖Ex.5〗根据课文内容回答问题。1.Pythonisawidelyused\o"High-levelprogramminglanguage"high-level,\o"General-purposeprogramminglanguage"general-purpose,\o"Interpreter(computing)"interpreted,\o"Dynamicprogramminglanguage"dynamicprogramminglanguage.2.Pythonsupportsmultiple\o"Programmingparadigm"programmingparadigms,including\o"Object-orientedprogramming"object-oriented,\o"Imperativeprogramming"imperativeand\o"Functionalprogramming"functionalprogrammingor\o"Proceduralprogramming"proceduralstyles.3.The\o"If-then-else"ifstatementconditionallyexecutesablockofcode,alongwithelseandelif(acontractionofelse-if).4.The\o"Exceptionhandlingsyntax"trystatementallowsexceptionsraisedinitsattachedcodeblocktobecaughtandhandledbyexceptclauses;italsoensuresthatclean-upcodeinafinallyblockwillalwaysberunregardlessofhowtheblockexits.5.AsofPython3.5,itsupportsmatrixmultiplicationdirectlywiththe@operator.6.Pythonmakesadistinctionbetween\o"List(computerscience)"listsand\o"Tuple"tuples.Listsarewrittenas[1,2,3],aremutable,andcannotbeusedasthekeysofdictionaries(dictionarykeysmustbe\o"Immutable"immutableinPython).Tuplesarewrittenas(1,2,3),areimmutableandthuscanbeusedasthekeysofdictionaries,providedallelementsofthetupleareimmutable.7.Triple-quotedstringsbeginandendwithaseriesofthreesingleordoublequotemarks.8.Thethirdsliceparameteriscalledsteporstride.Itallowselementstobeskippedandreversed.9.OneofPython'sgreateststrengthsisthatPythonhasalarge\o"Standardlibrary"standardlibrary,providingtoolsformanytasks.10.MostPythonimplementationscanfunctionasa\o"Commandlineinterpreter"commandlineinterpreter,forwhichtheuserentersstatementssequentiallyandreceivestheresultsimmediately(\o"Read–eval–printloop"read–eval–printloop(REPL)).Inshort,Pythonactsasa\o"Command-lineinterface"command-lineinterfaceor\o"Shell(computing)"shell.

Unit5〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题1.Adatastructureisaspecializedformatfororganizingandstoringdata.Generaldatastructuretypesincludethearray,thefile,therecord,thetable,thetree,andsoon.2.Incomputerprogramminglanguages,anarrayisagroupofobjectswiththesameattributesthatcanbeaddressedindividually,usingsuchtechniquesassubscripting.3.Yes,itmust.4.Someoperatingsystemsandapplicationsdescribefileswithgivenformatsbygivingthemaparticularfilenamesuffix.5.Theorganizationofdataintherecordisusuallyprescribedbytheprogramminglanguagethatdefinestherecord'sorganizationand/orbytheapplicationthatprocessesit.6.Incomputerprogramming,atableisadatastructureusedtoorganizeinformation,justasitisonpaper.7.Indataprocessing,atable,alsocalledanarray,isanorganizedgroupingoffields.Tablesmaystorerelativelypermanentdata,ormaybefrequentlyupdated.8.Inarelationaldatabase,atable,sometimescalledafile,organizestheinformationaboutasingletopicintorowsandcolumns.9.Adecisiontableisoftencalledatruthtable.Itcontainsalistofdecisionsandthecriteriaonwhichtheyarebased.10.AnHTMLtableisusedtoorganizeWebpageelementsspatiallyortocreateastructurefordatathatisbestdisplayedintabularform,suchaslistsorspecifications.〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.datastructure1.数据结构2.memorycell2.内存单元3.dataset3.数据集4.criteria4.n.标准5.\o"http://searchCIO-M/sDefinition/0,,sid183_gci212088,00.html"filenameextension5.文件扩展名6.n.处理，操作6.manipulation7.n.表，表格7.table8.n.规范化，正常化，标准化8.normalization9.vt.定义，详细说明9.define10.判定表，决策表10.decisiontable〖Ex.3〗短文翻译。什么是链表？链表是一种线性数据结构，它可以存储一组通过链接（即指针）连接在一起的“节点”。链表中的节点并非存储在连续的位置，而是通过指针链接到不同的内存位置。一个节点由数据值和指向链表中下一个节点地址的指针组成。链表是一种动态线性数据结构，其内存大小可在运行时根据插入或删除操作进行分配或释放，这有助于高效利用系统内存。链表可用于实现各种数据结构，如栈、队列、图、哈希表等。每个节点都包含数据和一个指向下一个节点的指针，其中数据部分存储与该节点相关的实际数据（值），而指向下一个节点的指针则保存着链表中下一个节点的内存地址。链表中的最后一个节点被称作尾节点，尾节点指向空值，以此表示链表的结束。〖Ex.4〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）。database2.random3.records4.leaves5.end6.beyond7.nodes8.two9.power10.depth〖Ex.5〗根据课文内容回答以下问题。1.Structureddatareferstoanydatathatresidesinafixedfieldwithinarecordorfile.Thisincludesdatacontainedinrelationaldatabasesandspreadsheets.2.Structureddatahastheadvantageofbeingeasilyentered,stored,queriedandanalyzed.3.StructureddataisoftenmanagedbyusingStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL).4.SQLisaprogramminglanguagecreatedformanagingandqueryingdatainrelationaldatabasemanagementsystems.ItbecameanInternationalOrganizationforStandards(ISO)standardin1987.5.Semi-structureddataisaformof\o"Structureddata"structureddatathatdoesnotconformwiththeformalstructureofdatamodelsassociatedwith\o"Relationaldatabase"relationaldatabasesorotherformsof\o"Table(database)"datatables,butnonetheless,contains\o"Tag(metadata)"tagsorothermarkerstoseparatesemanticelementsandenforcehierarchiesofrecordsandfieldswithinthedata.6.Thetypesofsemi-structureddatamentionedinthetextareXMLandJSON.7.●Thetraditionalrelationaldatamodelhasapopularandready-madequerylanguage,\o"SQL"SQL.●Proneto"garbagein,garbageout";byremovingrestraintsfromthedatamodel,thereislessfore-thoughtthatisnecessarytooperateadataapplication.8.Unstructureddatareferstoinformationthateitherdoesnothaveapre-defined\o"Datamodel"datamodelorisnotorganizedinapre-definedmanner.9.Techniquessuchas\o"Datamining"datamining,\o"Naturallanguageprocessing"naturallanguageprocessing(NLP),and\o"Textanalytics"textanalyticsareused.todealwithunstructureddata.10.Sinceunstructureddatacommonlyoccursin\o"Electronicdocument"electronicdocuments,theuseofa\o"Contentmanagement"contentor\o"Documentmanagement"documentmanagementsystemwhichcancategorizeentiredocumentsisoftenpreferredoverdatatransferandmanipulationfromwithinthedocuments.

Unit6〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容，判断以下叙述的正误。T2.T3.F4.T5.F6.F7.T8.F〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.distributeddatabase1.分布式数据库2.tabular2.adj.制成表的，表格式的3.instance3.n.实例，例证4.set4.n.集合，集5.query5.v.询问，查询6.field6.n.域7.insert7.vt.插入8.delete8.vt.删除9.database9.n.数据库10.ensure10.v.确保〖Ex.3〗短文翻译。什么是数据库管理系统（DBMS）？数据库管理系统（DBMS）是多个软件服务的集合，这些服务协同工作，将数据的存储、计算、维护、结构化处理以及作为产品一部分的数据交付等功能整合起来。这个平台还提供元数据，即一种数据标记系统，以便工程师和用户能够理解并梳理出可用的实体、属性及其相互关系。借助数据库管理系统的元数据，工程师能够在受管理的数据库中创建用户、追踪用户活动并删除用户。此外，工程师利用这个管理平台中的元数据来配置数据访问权限并强化安全性，帮助各组织遵守相关规定并保护敏感信息。尽管数据库管理产品提供了结构化的方式来组织、管理和保护数据，确保数据完整性，并促进数据共享与协作，但它们会因底层技术及其功能特性而有所不同。例如，像微软SQLServer这样的关系型数据库系统（RDBMS），通过ACID特性确保可靠的数据库事务处理。另一方面，像MongoDB这样的非关系型数据库系统（NRDBMS或No-SQLDBMS），则能更好地进行数据扩展，通过BASE特性更好地应对快速的数据变化和扩展需求。〖Ex.4〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）。redundancy2.tables3.database4.access5.backupsscalability7.columns8.relational9.unstructured10.objects〖Ex.5〗根据课文回答以下问题。1.Forsomecomputerowners,findingenoughstoragespacetoholdallthedatathey'veacquiredisarealchallenge.2.Desperatecomputerownersmightdeleteentirefoldersworthofoldfilesinordertomakespacefornewinformation.3.Cloudstoragereallyreferstosavingdatatoanoff-sitestoragesystemmaintainedbyathirdparty.Insteadofstoringinformationtoyourcomputer'sharddriveorotherlocalstoragedevice,yousaveittoaremotedatabase.4.Atitsmostbasiclevel,acloudstoragesystemneedsjustonedataserverconnectedtothe

Internet.5.Becausecomputersoccasionallyrequiremaintenanceorrepair,it'simportanttostorethesameinformationonmultiplemachines.6.Theyusecloudstorageasawaytocreatebackupsofdata.Ifsomethinghappenstotheclient'scomputersystem,thedatasurvivesoff-site.It'sadigital-agevariationof"don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket."7.GoogleDocsallowsuserstouploaddocuments,spreadsheetsandpresentationsto

Google'sdataservers.UserscaneditfilesusingaGoogleapplication.Userscanalsopublishdocumentssothatotherpeoplecanreadthemorevenmakeedits.8.Socialnetworkingsiteslike

Facebook

and

MySpace

allowmemberstopostpicturesandothercontent.Allofthatcontentisstoredontherespectivesite'sservers.9.Thetwobiggestconcernsmentionedinthepassageaboutcloudstorageare

reliability

and

security.10.Tosecuredata,mostsystemsuseacombinationoftechniques,includingencryption,authentication

processesandauthorization

practices.

Unit7【Ex1.】根据课文内容回答问题。1.Datawarehouseisadatabasethatprovidesuserswithdataextractedfromonlinetransactionprocessingsystems,batchsystems,andexternallysyndicateddata.2.Idealcandidatesforadatawarehousehavethreecommoncharacteristics:Theyoperateinahighlycompetitiveindustry;Theyhavevastamountsofdata;Andtheyarestrugglingwiththeintegrationofwidelydisperseddata.3.Informationanddatamodeling4.Inmostofthesituations,activitiessurroundingExtract,TransformandLoad(ETL)arethemosttimeconsumingactivities.5.Inordertomakethisdistinction,oneneedstoworktogetherwithbusinessrepresentativeswhoareknowledgeableinthebusinessrules.6.Dataminingisfindingpatternsinthedatathatarenoteasilydetectablebyintuitionorexperience.7.Themajordifferencebetweenadatawarehouseanddataminingisthatmosttimes,oneusessummarieswhileusingadatawarehouse;whereasfordatamining,detailedleveldataisneeded.8.OLAPstandsforOnlineAnalyticalProcessinganditisatechniqueforprocessinglargeamountsofdataforthepurposesofbusinessanalysis.9.Adatawarehouseapplianceisacombinationofhardwareandsoftwareproductthatisdesignedspecificallyforanalyticalprocessing.10.Withadatawarehouseappliance,thevendorisresponsibleforsimplifyingthephysicaldatabasedesignlayerandmakingsurethatthesoftwareistunedforthehardware.〖Ex.2〗英汉互译1.dataindependence1.数据独立性2.metadata2.元数据3.datamodeling3.数据建模4.virtualizeddatawarehouse4.虚拟数据仓库5.deploy5.v.展开，配置6.n.筛选vt.过滤6.filter7.n.功能性7.functionality8.adj.健壮的8.robust9.adj.可升级的9.scalable10.n.式样，模式10.pattern【Ex3.】短文翻译。数据仓库的特点数据仓库对于现代数据管理至关重要，为企业从战略层面整合与分析数据奠定了坚实基础。其显著特点为企业提供了工具，使它们能够做出明智的决策，并从数据中提取有价值的见解。集中式数据存储库：数据仓库为来自各种数据源（如事务数据库、操作系统及外部数据源）的所有企业数据提供了一个集中式存储库。这使企业能够全面了解自身数据，有助于做出明智的商业决策。数据集成：数据仓库将来自不同数据源的数据整合为单一、统一的视图，有助于消除数据孤岛并减少数据不一致性。历史数据存储：数据仓库存储历史数据，使企业能够分析随时间变化的数据趋势。这有助于识别数据中的模式和异常情况，进而用于提升企业绩效。查询与分析：数据仓库具备强大的查询和分析功能，使用户能够以不同方式探索和分析数据。这有助于识别模式和趋势，也有助于做出明智的商业决策。数据转换：数据仓库包含数据转换过程，涉及对来自各种数据源的数据进行清理、筛选和格式化，使其保持一致且可用。这有助于提高数据质量并减少数据不一致性。数据挖掘：数据仓库提供数据挖掘功能，使企业能够发现数据中隐藏的模式和关系。这有助于识别新机遇、预测未来趋势并降低风险。数据安全：数据仓库具备强大的数据安全功能，如访问控制、数据加密和数据备份等，确保数据安全，防止未经授权的访问。\o"机器发音"【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。1.operations2.organization3.rapidly4.specified5.interactive6.compile7.models8.gather9.figures10.product【Ex.5】根据课文内容回答问题。1.In\o"Informationtechnology"informationtechnology,abackup,ortheprocessofbackingup,referstothecopyingand\o"Archiving"archivingofcomputer\o"Data"datasoitmaybeusedtorestoretheoriginalaftera\o"Dataloss"datalossevent.2.Backupshavetwodistinctpurposes.Theprimarypurposeistorecoverdataafteritsloss,beitby\o"Filedeletion"datadeletionor\o"Datacorruption"corruption.Thesecondarypurposeofbackupsistorecoverdatafromanearliertime,accordingtoauser-defineddataretentionpolicy,typicallyconfiguredwithinabackupapplicationforhowlongcopiesofdataarerequired.3.Onereasonthatbackupsbythemselvesshouldnotbeconsideredacompletedisasterrecoveryplanisthatnotallbackupsystemsareabletoreconstituteacomputersystemorothercomplexconfigurationsuchasa\o"Computercluster"computercluster,\o"Activedirectory"activedirectoryserver,or\o"Databaseserver"databaseserverbysimplyrestori