考研英语模拟试卷294

考研英语模拟试卷294

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

ThehistoryofAfrican-Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated

[1]anongoingstruggleagainst[2]andindifferenceonthepartoftheAmerican

mainstream,andastruggle【3】asanupwardmovementis[4]towardevermore

justiceandopportunity.Technologyinandof[5]isnotatfault;it'smuchtoosimpleto

saythatgunpowderoragriculturalmachineryorfiberoptics[6]beentheenemyofan

[7]groupofpeople.Acertainmachineisput[8]workinacertainway—thepurpose

[9]whichitwasdesigned.Thepeoplewhodesignthemachinesarenotintenton

unleashingchaos;theyareusuallytryingto[10]ataskmorequickly,cleanly,or

cheaply,[11]theimperativeofinnovationandefficiencythathasruledWestern

civilization[12]theRenaissance.Masteryoftechnologyissecondonly[13]money

asthetruemeasureofaccomplishmentinthiscountry,anditisverylikelythathy[14]

thisunder-representationinthetechnologicalrealm,andbynotquestioningand

examiningthefolkwaysthathave[15]it,blacksarcallowing.[16]tobekeptoutof

themainstreamonceagain.Thistime,however,theywillbe[17]fromthegreatestcash

engineofthetwenty-firstcentury.Inner-cityblacksinparticularareindanger,andthe

beautifulsuburbs[18]ringthedecayofHartford,shedthepastandlearntoexist

withoutcontemplatingorencounteringthetragedyoftheinnercity.Andblacksmust

changeaswell.Thewaysthat[19]theirancestorsthroughcaptivityandcomingto

freedomhavebeguntoloosetheirutility.Ifblacks[20]tosurviveasfullparticipantsin

thissociety,theyhavetounderstandwhatworksnow.

1、

A、like

B、as

C>for

D、with

标准答案：B

知识点解析：“narrate…as…”被描述为…。这句话的意思是：在过去的400年里，

美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。其他选项的搭配不

对，故选B。

2、

A、charity

B、clarity

C、cohesion

D、oppression

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“oppression”镇压，压迫。句子意思参见上题。

3、

A、charting

charts

C、charted

D、tochart

标准答案：C

知识点解析：“chartedas…”引导一个定语从句。

4、

ANprogressing

B、progressed

C、clutched

D、clutching

标准答案:A

知识点解析：应选表示趋向的动词“progress”（前进，进步），用进行时态▽

5、

A、itself

B、themselves

C、ourselves

D、himself

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“ofoncsclF'本身。因为主语是“technology"，所以应选“ofitself'。

6、

A、have

B、tohave

C^has

D、tohas

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据就近原则，谓语动词应与主语“fiberopiics”保持一致，所以选用

单数形式"has”。

7、

A、entirely

BNenter

C、entire

D^entrance

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这里明显应填入一个形容词，四个词中只有“entire”是形容词，所以

选C。

8、

A、for

B、off

C、on

D、at

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这句话的意思是：一些工具被用在工作方面。"putsth.atwork”把某

物用在工作方面。所以答案是D。

9、

A、for

to

C、with

D、before

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“designsth.forthepurpose”为这种口的而设计某物。其他搭配不符合

文章意思，所以选A。

10、

A、envelop

accomplish

C>enveloping

D^accomplishing

标准答案：B

知识点解析：正确的用法是“trytodosth.”所以首先排除C、D。“accomplish”完

成。“envelop”包封，遮盖，包围。根据文意，这里应填的意思是完成任务，所以

选B,不选A。

11、

A、followed

B、follows

C^tofollow

D、following

标准答案：D

知识点解析：显然这里要添入一个分词做伴随状语，首先排除B、Co又因为这里

是主动语态，故排除A选D。

12、

B>included

C^including

D^excluded

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“exclude...from…”排除在…之外。又根据句意，这里应用被动语态,

所以选D。

18、

A^where

B>that

C、how

D^what

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是个定语从句，可以看出从句部分缺少主语，所以应选"hat”。

19、

A、servicing

B、encircle

C、encircling

D、served

标准答案：D

知识点解析：served适合［用，宜］于（祖先），用过去时。

20>

A、is

were

C、are

D、have

标准答案：C

知识点解析：注意这里不能用虚拟语气，用一般条件句。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

Moresurprising,perhaps,thanthecurrentdifficultiesoftraditionalmarriageisthefact

thatmarriageitselfisaliveandthriving.AsSkolnicknotes,Americansareamarrying

people;RelativetoEuropeans,moreofusmanyandwcmarryatayoungerage.

Moreover,asteradeclineintheearly1970s,therateofmarriageintheUnitedStatesis

nowincreasing.Eventhedivorcerateneedstobetakeninthispro-marriagecontext:

some80percentofdivorcedindividualsremarry.Thus,marriageremains,byfar,the

preferredwayoflifeforthevastmajorityofpeopleinoursociety.Whathaschanged

morethanmarriageisthenuclearfamily.Twenty-fiveyearsago,thetypicalAmerican

familyconsistedofahusband,awife,andtwoorthreechildren.Now,therearemany

marriagesinwhichcoupleshavedecidednottohaveanychildren.Andtherearcmany

marriageswhereatleastsomeofthechildrenarefromthewife'spreviousmarriage,or

thehusband's,orboth.Sometimesthesechildrenspendalloftheirtimewithoneparent

fromthelormermarriage;sometimestheyaresharedbetweenthetwoformerspouses.

Thus,onecanfindtheverytypeoffamilyarrangement.Therearemarriageswithout

children;marriageswithchildrenfromonlythepresentmarriage;marriageswith"full-

time'*childrenfromthepresentmarriageand"part-time"childrenfromformermarriages.

Therearestep-fathers,step-mothers,half-brothers,andhalf-sisters.Itisnotallthat

unusualforachildtohavefourparentsandeightgrandparents!Thesearcenormous

changesfromthetraditionalnuclearfamily.Butevenso,eveninthemidstofallthis,

thereremainsoneconstant:MostAmericansspendmostoftheiradultlivesmarried.

21、BycallingAmericansmarryingpeopletheauthormeansthat.

A、AmericansaremoretraditionalthanEuropeans

B、AmericansexpectmoreoutofmarriagethanEuropeans

C、therearemoremarriedcouplesinU.S.AthaninEurope

D、moreofAmericans,ascomparedwithEuropeans,prefermarriageandtheyacceptit

atayoungerage

标准答案：D

知识点解析：据文章的第二句话得知，美国人就是一个喜欢结婚的民族，与欧洲相

比，有更多的人结婚，而且结婚的年龄很低。

22DivorcedAmericans.

A、willmostlikelyremarry

B、preferthewaytheylive

C^havelostfaithinmarriage

D、arcthevastmajorityofpeopleinthesociety

标准答案：A

知识点解析：据第一段倒数第二句话得知，在美国离婚人数的80%再婚，所以说

离婚的美国人最有可能再婚。

23、Whichofthefollowingcanbepresentedasthepictureoftoday'sAmerican

families?

A、AtypicalAmericanfamilyconsistsofonlyahusbandandawife.

B、Manytypesoffamilyarrangementshavebecomesociallyacceptable.

C、Americansprefertohavemorekidsthanbefore.

D、Therearenonuclearfamiliesanymore.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：据最后•段得知，在美国现有多种类型的家庭构成，所以说多种类型

的家庭构成已被社会所接受。

24、"Part-timenchildren.

A^spendsomeoftheirtimewiththeirhalf-brothersandsomeoftheirtimewiththeir

half-sisters

B>spendalloftheirtimewithoneparentfromthepreviousmarriage

C>aresharedbetweenthetwoformerspouses

D^cannotstaywith"full-time"children

标准答案：C

知识点解析：part-limechildren指一部分时间随前次婚姻的父亲过活，另一部分时

间随前次婚姻的母亲过活的孩子。

25、EventhoughgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthestructureofAmericanfamilies,

A^thefunctionsofmarriageremainunchanged

B、mostAmericanspreferasecondmarriage

C、thevastmajorityofAmericansstillhavefaithinmarriage

D^alloftheabove

标准答案：C

知识点解析：据最后两句话得知，尽管美国传统的中心家庭发生了巨大的变化，但

有一点是永恒的，那就是美国成年人绝大部分时间以婚姻方式生活着。

Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolder

thanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurous

thinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar'sparentsworriedthatanytimehe

wouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,"Wheredoyougetthat

ideafrom?""Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,"Edwardadmits.NowCasparisat

Oxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,when

hewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance."Sothen

wedidseveralthinkingsessions,'thisfathersays,"usingmytechniquesand,whenhe

wentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell."Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedto

writehislatestbook,"TeachYourChildHowtoThink",inwhichhetransformsthe

thinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesfor

parentsandchildrentoshare.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedin

alogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn'titan

uphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?"Youknow/'EdwarddeBonosays,"ifyou

examinepeople'sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsof

perceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”

"TeachYourChildHowtoThink"offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearly

seeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.

26、WhatisTRUEaboutCaspar?

A、HeisEdward'sson.

B、Heisanadventurousthinker.

C、Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

D、Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第一段指出，1967年，爱德华・德・博诺首次描述了“迂回思维”模式，

几年后他的儿子才临世。所以，人们可能想象卡斯珀会被培养为一个开拓型思维的

人；但是，由于当时德・博诺的名字太为人所知了，卡斯珀的父母反而担心：如果

他（指卡斯珀）在学校出言不凡，老师可能诘问他：“你哪里来的这种想法?''从第二句

可以更明确地看出，卡斯珀的“父母”即指德・博诺夫妇。

27>CasparsucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause.

A、hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

B、allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

C、heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

D、hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink"beforetheexam

标准答案：C

知识点解析：意为：他在考试中应用了父亲提供的技巧。根据笫二段，卡斯珀如今

就读于牛津大学，这被一度看作是不可能的事，凶为他有点诵读困难；事实上，他

报考牛津时，他的老师们都认为他考不上。他的父亲回忆道：“所以，我们当时上

了几次思维训练课，使用了我的技巧；他参加考试时做得极为出色。”

28、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward.

A^waslikelytoimprovechildren'slogicwithhisbook

B、gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn

C、waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic

D、oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren

标准答案：D

知识点解析：意为：在为家长和孩子写书之前曾(写书)教商人如何思维。根据第二

段第五句，在儿子上大学后不久，爱德华・德・博诺决定写作自己的新(latest)书-

《教会孩子如何思维》，在这本书中，他将自己研究出的训练足智多谋的(brain­

storming)商人的思维技巧，转化为家长和孩子共享的一些日常思维训练。

29、AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwardde

Bono'sview?

A、Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.

B、Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.

C、Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

D、Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：意为：我们经常不能有效思维是因为我们的视野过于狭隘。

30、LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT.

A、improvingone'slogicinthinking

B、improvingone'sperceptioninthinking

C、seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying

D^exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying

标准答案：A

知识点解析：意为：改善自己的思维逻辑。有关该题，参阅第29题选择项A和第

28题选择项A的分析。

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearin

journals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartofthe

requirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.These

formatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomthey

address.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.Thejournalarticleisawayofreporting

researchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportingina

brief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchas

thepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas"background"),proceduresused

forcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,and

interpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).Thecontentandemphasis

ofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchor

practitioners)anditisimportantfbrtheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundand

interestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswill

emphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticles

intendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdata,

theconstructionofdatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthe

dataItisimportantfbrthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmitted

tojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentand

recommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.Thethesisordissertationisa

formatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingthe

requirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribein

greatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullyby

thereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthe

study,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastothe

researchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionofdata

analysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusions,

implications,andrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessofthe

researchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent'sabilityto

carryoutresearch.Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferences,

seminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.

Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yet

informativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsand

transparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,here

too,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetype

ofaudiencepresentatthemeeting,andwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

31、Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe.

A、TypesofResearchReports

TypesofJournalArticles

C>WritingofresearchReports

D、WritingofDifferentArticles

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文第一段就指出了用来报道研究成果有不同的形式，主要有：杂志

上发表的研究报告；毕业生的学术论文；会议上做的报告。下文针对这三种报告分

别介绍了他们的格式、内容。所以止确答案是A。木文并不是讲如何写研究报告，

所以C不对。

32、Thecommonaspectforthejournalarticles,theseandconferencepapersliesin

that.

A^theyareallforthepractitioners

B、theyarealltobereadbyresearchers

C、theyareallforbeingpublished

D、theyareallformsofreportingresearch

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本文一开头就指出了Thereareanumberofformatsforreporting

research，suchas…可见正确答案是D。

33、Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough.

A、theirwritingstyleandlength

B、theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

C、theirpresentedplacesandtime

D、theircontentandpurposes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：原文是Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposes

andtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.本题题干中换用/另一种表达方式。

34Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

A、Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformative

way.

B、Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspoken

languages.

C>Boththejournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintended

receivers.

D、Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：A项在文中出现的依据：Theresearchisreportinginabrief,yet

informativeway以及They(theconferencepapers)aresimilartotheresearcharticlesince

researchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway：C项在文中也有涉及；Articles

intendedto...analyzingthedata.以及Aswiththe...orpractitioners.在判断D项时，

由Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudents

write.可以看出thesis和dissertation是书面形式的，而根据Atsuchmeetings

researchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.可知researchpapers采取的是口头报告

的形式，据此判断D项也是在短文中提到过的。

35、Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent'scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

A、Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresand

disscussion.

B、Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandreccmmendationsoftheresearch.

C、Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchsuchasthe

tools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresults,andconclusionsetc.

D、Bynoticingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedata

collectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedateandresultsetc.

标准答案：C''

知识点解析：由第四段的Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchis

neededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent'sabilitytocarryout

research.可知正确答案是C。

In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheInternet.Books,compact

discs,andevenstockswereavailablefromWorldWideWebSitesthatseemedtospring

upalmostdaily.Afewyearsearlier,somepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumers

accustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotsee

ortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shopping

fromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothe

store.Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionof

goodsovertheInternet,doublethe1997total.Findingabargainwasgettingeasier,

owingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingonthe

Internetforthebestdeal.Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstilla

largelyunprofitablebusiness,however.InternetpioneerAmazon.com,whichbegan

sellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos,postedrevenue

of$153.7millioninthethirdquarter,upfrom$37.9minioninthesameperiodof1997.

Overall,however,thecompany'slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6million,and

analystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,

Amazon,comhadastockmarketvalueofmanybillions,reflectinginvestors'optimism

aboutthefutureoftheindustry.Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseit

providedanefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecost

ofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.Sellingonlinecarried

itsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers'attention,

pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.Onevideoretailer

soldthehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99,undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceand

losingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage;

companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadoininaiii

marketposition.

36、Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothewriter?

A、ConsumersarereluctanttobuythingsontheInternet.

B、ConsumersaretoobusytobuythingsontheInternet.

C、MoreandmoreconsumerspreferInternetshopping.

D^Internetretailingisaprofitablebusiness.

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：本题属是非判断题，四个选项中符合原文意思的一个即为正确答案。

第1段最后一句说，对越来越多感到时间紧的消费者来说，在家中进行电脑购物证

明比驱车到商店购物方便，因而可以判断C是正确答案。该段中提到过有人几年

前曾预测过消费者可能会不太愿意在网上购物，但如今的情况完全不一样了，所以

A与题意不符。文章提到的不是泛指的消费者，而是感到缺少时间的(time-starved)

消费者，因此B也与题意不符。D的意思与第3段第1句活的意思相反，当然也不

可能是正确答案。

37、FindingabargainontheInternetwasgettingeasierpartlybecause.

A、thereweremoreandmoreonlineauctions

B、thereweremoreandmoreInternetusers

C、theconsumershadmoremoneytospend

D、thereweremoregoodsavailableontheInternet

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是个局部性问题，答案就在第2段。该段第2句说得很明确，由

于在线拍卖和进行比较购物的网址的增多，在网上买到便宜货变得容易了。对照题

中所给的四个选项，只有A符合该句意思。因此A是正确答案。

38、"Foralltheconsumerintcrest"(Paragraph3)mcans.

A、totheinterestofalltheconsumers

fortheinterestofalltheconsumers

C、alltheconsumersarcmuchinterested

D、thoughconsumersareverymuchinterested

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题测试考生对该介词短语的理解，关键是要知道forall是inspite

of或despite的意思。foralltheconsumerinterest的意思是“尽管消费者''(对网上购

物)很感兴趣"，这正是D的意思，因此选项D是正确答案。

39、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAmazon,com.

A、ismakingaprofitnow

willprobablymakeaprofitin2001

C>isacompanythatsellsbooksonly

D、suffersagreatlossontheslockmarket

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题也是判断题。分析家们预测该公司要到2001年才会赢利。因而

B是正确答案。

40、InvestorsareinterestedinInternetretailingbecause.

ANsellingonlineinvolveslittlerisk

BNInternetretailingisinitsinitialstage

C^theycanmakehugeprofitsfromit

D、itcaneasilyreachmillionsofconsumers

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：本题是个局部性问题。最后一段第1句说，网上零售之所以对投资者

们有吸引力是因为它提供了一个能接触到大量消费者的有效手段，而不需花费大量

资金建许多普通的商店，雇佣大批售货员。选项D的意思与本句意思吻合，因而

是止确答案。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。）

[A]RefuseGimmicks[B|BeWaryofPriceLevels[C]SayNotoUselessThings[D]

NeverPayListPrice[E]StanduptoTemptations[F]Switch—orThreatento[G]Don't

BuyonImpulseInrecentyearsthebasicmarketprinciplesofcompetitionandchoice

haveexpandedintonewaspectsofAmericanlife.Consumersnowfaceabewildering

arrayofoptionsforairtravel,phoneservice,medicalcare,evenpostalservice.Car

buyerscanshopontheInternetforthebestpriceatanydealershipintheirarea.Insome

partsofthecountry,homeownerscanpurchaseelectricityfromamenuofcompanies.All

thischoicetranslatesintounprecedentedconsumerpower.Oneofthepersistentmythsof

capitalistcultureisthatbusinesspeoplelovecompetition.Theydon't.Theyspendtheir

wakinghoursplottingwaystoavoidit,andkeeppriceshigh.Thesedaystheyuse

informationtechnologiesthatgivethemintricatedataonindividualshoppers,andthen

presentmultiplepricestogeteachconsumertocoughupthemaximumheiswillingto

pay.Theairlineshavemasteredthisgame,offeringmanylevelsoffares.Sohowcanyou

makethemostofyournewpowerasaconsumer?Herearerulestohelpyoufindyour

way.41.IntheNewEconomy,competitionissostrongthatfewerstoresand

servicesareimmunetopricepressure,sosharpenyourbargainingskills.Askretailersto

matchpricesyou'veseenontheInternet.Askatthecheckoutcounterifthereareany

couponsordiscountsyoucanuse.Askhotelclerksiftherearebetterratesavailable.

You'llbesurprisedhowoftentheanswerisyes.42.Ascompetitionheatsupand

pushespricesdown,businessesscrambletoboosttheirprofitsbyheapingonextras:rust

proofingyourcar,servicecontractsonyourappliance,prepaidgasolineforyourrental

car.Thesestuntsarcdevisedtomakeyoupaymoreatthelastminuteandprobablyaren't

agooddeal.43.Theinformationhighwayisatwo-waystreet.Asaconsumer,

youcangetmoredata.ButwhileyouareroamingtheWeb,businessesarestudyingyour

habitsandvulnerabilities.Haveaweaknessforchocolates?Don'tbesurprisedif

Amazon.Comofferstosellyouaboxwhileyou'rebrowsingfbrbooks.They'reusinga

wrinkleonthelast-minutemarketingpitchperfectedbyMcDonald's:"Wouldyoulike

frieswiththat?”Theployworksremarkablywell.44.Versioningisatacticused

bybusinessestoseparatestatus-consciousconsumersfromthebargain-hungryones

sincethefbnncrmeanbiggerprofitmargins.t€Deluxe^^and“platinum“arecodewords

usedtoenticestatusseekerstoopentheirwallets.Addathirdpricelevelandihepurses

ofevenbargain-hungryshopperscanbepriedopen.Researchshowsthatmany

consumerswhomightpickthelower-pricedoptionwhengivenjusttwochoiceswill

choosethemedium-pricedalternativeifgiventhree.uConsumerstrytoavoidextreme

options,“writeCarlShapiroandHalR.VarianintheirbookInformationRules.

Consumersin.theNewEconomyfacemoredemandsontheirtimeandattentionthan

everbefore,sothey'reinclinedtomakethemostfamiliarchoice.Considerthis:ithad

beenadecadeandahalfsincethebreakupofAT&T,yetitisstillbyfarthelargestlong­

distanceprovider-evenwhileotherphonecompaniesoffer$50worthoffreeservice

forswitching.Morethanever,itpaystochangeservicesandbrands.Ifyoudon'twant

thehasslesofswitchingrememberthatbusinessesareeagertohangontoconsumers.

Thenexttimeyougetatemptingofferfromacrcdit-cardissueroraphonecompany,call

yourcurrentproviderandaskthemtomatchthedeal.You,llbepleasedtofindhowoften

they'llagree.

41、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文章的前三段可知，本文谈论的主题是怎样才能充分行使消费者的

新权力。第四段谈到，竞争使得很少有商家能不受价格压力(pricepressure)的影

响，于是消费者要提高砍价的技巧(sharpenbargainskills),买东西时要让零售商减

价，要索要优惠券(coupons)、折扣(discounis)等等，这一切都与“讨价还价”，与花

最少的钱有关。浏览选项，与之相符的只有［D］”不要按标价付款”。

42、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第五段谈到随着竞争的升温和价格的下跌，商家们都争相向消费者兜

售一些额外的服务(boosttheirprofitsbyheapingonextras),而这些，只不过是商家

们为赚钱而耍的花招(slum),多半都不会便宜。浏览选项，［A］、［E］都可能是答

案：但文中所谈的额外服务并不是不要钱，也没有优惠，所以不能说是

temptation“诱惑故本题选［A］,其中的gimmicks与原文中的stunt为近义复现关

系。

43、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：第六、七段主要讲了当顾客在网上搜索信息的时候，商家也在研究顾

客的习惯和弱点：比如，当他们知道你喜欢巧克力，你在网上搜索其他东西的时

候，他们可能会问你要不要买巧克力。联系日常生活，这就像我们有时买完东西，

老板根据我们挑东西的习惯和爱好又向我们推荐其它的东西一样。由此可见，此两

段主要是在提醒顾客要禁得住诱惑，选［E］。［0、［G］对本题都有一定的干扰性，

但正如商家向喜欢巧克力的人推荐巧克力一样，巧克力对该顾客并不是useless

things；而顾客如果买，也是因为喜欢，而不是一种冲动；故排除［C］、［G］。

44、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第八段谈到，对商品进行不同描述(versioning)是商家们用来区分有身

份意识的顾客和热衷于杀价的顾客的一种策略，因为前者追求的是身份，所以会为

“豪华型的”(deluxe)或“的金级”(platinum)的商品掏钱；而第九段谈到，再增加一个

价格标准(pricelevel),即使热衷于杀价的人的钱包也会被撬开。由此可见，这两段

主要在介绍商家们利用消费者的心理所制定的一些“价格标准”，故选［B］,选项中

的pricelevels为原词复现。

45、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：第十段谈到，在新经济时代，因为时间和精力的关系，人们倾向于选

择自己最熟悉的商品或服务；其中还举了一个例子来说明有的商家为了让你更换掉

现在的服务，不惜为你免费更换，所以现在更换服务或品牌都是很划算的；第十一

段谈到，如果你觉得更瑛服务麻烦，但你又老是收到新的商家开出的诱人条件，那

么就让目前为你提供服务的商家去应付，他们往往为了守住自己的顾客而乐意为你

效劳。由此可见，本题选［F］；其中的switch在该两段中多次出现过，而ihreaten又

与第十一段提到的“让目前为你服务的商家去应付”互为共现关系。此外，［E］对本

题有干扰，原因是断章取义地把$50和temptingoffer与temptations联系了起来，

而没从整体上把握两段的意思。

四、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5

分。)

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Itistheinner

workingofownbrainsthatwefeeltobeuniquelywortliyofinvestigationbut,custom,

wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itis

otherwayaround.(46)Traditionalcustom,laken【heworldover,isamassofdetailed

behaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevoNeinindividual

actions,nomatterhowunusualandabno门nal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthe

matter.Thefactoffist-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysin

experienceandinbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.Nomaneverlooks

attheworldwithprimitiveandunchangedeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetof

customsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.(47)Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing(探

测术)hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalse

willstillhavereferencetohisuarticula】［raditionalcustoms.Jo