考研英语（一）模拟试卷97

考研英语（一）模拟试卷97

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.It1itsattentionupon

thosephysicalcharacteristicsandindustrialtechniques,conventionsandvalues,which2

onecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtoadifferenttradition.Thedistinguishing

markofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludestorseriousstudyother

societies3ourown.Foritspurposesanysocial4ofmatingandreproductionisas

significantasourown.TotheanthropologistourcustomsandthoseofaNewGuinea

tribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfor5acommonproblem,andinsofarashe

remainsananthropologistheis6toavoidanyweightingofone7theother.Heis

interestedinhumanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,butasithas

beenshapedbyanytradition8.Heisinterestedinawide9ofcustomthatisfoundin

variouscultures,andhisobjectistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschange

and10,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthe11inwhich

thecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesofthe12Nowcustomhasnotbeen

commonlyregardedasa13ofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrains

wefeeltobeuniquely14ofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,is

behavioratitsmostcommonplace.15itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisa

massofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthan16anyonepersoncaneverevolvein

individualactions.Yetthatisarather17aspectofthematter.Thefact18firstrate

importanceisthepredominantrolethatcustom19inexperienceandbelief,andthevery

greatvarietiesitmay20.

1、

A、pays

B、revolves

C、fastens

D、draws

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据介词upon可判断答案为［C］,短语fastenattentionon/upon意为

“把注意力集中在……”，其他选项均不与该介词搭配。［A］与［D］常用搭配为：pay

/drawattentionto”吸引...的注意力”：［B］revolves常用搭配为：revolve

around“围绕”，如:Herliferevolvesaroundtennis.她的生活以网球为中心。

2、

A^distinguish

B、prohibit

C、dispel

D^exempt

标准答案：A

知识点解析：distinguishAfromB"使A区别于B”。其他选项词义和用法举例分别

为:[B]prohibit>"禁止，阻止”,如:prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.”禁止某人做某

事”；©dispel”驱散，驱逐"；如:dispelthenotion"去除某观念"；[D]exempt”免

除“，如：exemptsb.frommilitaryservice“使某人免于服兵役

3、

A、of

from

C>for

D、than

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由于人类学研究的其他社会和我们自己的社会之间是并列关系，所以

选择[D],olherlhan意为“除了"，如：Thereisnobodyhereotherthanme.这里除了

我没有别人。其他选项均不符合逻辑和文意。

4、

A、regulation

B、execution

C、prosecution

D、disposition

标准答案：A

知识点解析：of前后两部分是动宾关系，四个选项中能够与matingand

reproduction构成符合逻辑的选项为[A]，regulationofmatingandreproduction意为

“婚配和生殖的规则”，其他选项均不符合文意和逻辑。[B]execution”实行；执行”;

[C]prosecution“起诉”；[D]disposition“性情，处置

5、

A、meditatingon

B、imposingon

C、tanglingwith

D、dealingwith

标准答案：D

知识点解析：社会体系是为处理问题而建立的，只有[D]符合搭配和文意。其他选

项意思分别为：[A]meditatingon“对...深思熟虑"；[B]imposingon”把强加

给“；[C]tanglingwith"与……吵架”。

6、

A、acknowledged

B、authorized

C、bound

D、credited

标准答案：c

知识点露析：根据常识，人类学家不应该认为一个习俗比另一个习俗更有优势，所

以选[C]beboundtodo意为“一定，应当”，其他选项均不符合文意。

[A]acknowledged”承认,承认...的权威"；[B]authorized"批准，授权”；

[D]credited”信赖，称赞，归功于

7、

A、infavorof

insteadof

C、ratherthan

D、incontrastwith

标准答案：A

知识点解析：与weight“偏重”搭配的介词通常为infavorof和against,weight

against/infavorof意为'对...不利/有利”,如：evidenceweightedagainstthe

defendant意为“对被告不利的证据工其他选项均不符合文意和搭配。

8、

A、however

B、though

C、whatsoever

D、indeed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文意，这里需要表示强调“任何传统”的副词，所以排除表示转折

或让步关系的[A]however和[B]lhough；[D]indeed通常强调肯定意义，在句中K适

用。因此选择[C],whatsoever与whatever同义,表强调。

9、

A、option

B、span

C、prototype

D、range

标准答案：D

知识点解析：能够用wide修饰的选项只有[D],range意为“范围，领域”，其他均

不符合搭配。[A]option，,选择权，挑选"；[B]span“跨度”，常用short或long修饰,

如:shortattentionspan”短暂的注意力“；[CJprototype”原型,典型”,如：the

prototypeoftheolderstalesman“老政治家的扁型

10、

A、deviate

B、fluctuate

C^differentiate

D、segregate

标准答案：c

知识点露析：这一段主要讲述人类学家对不同社会及习俗的研究，根据后文的

differentfoirns可以判断选项为[C],differentiate意为“区分，区别，使...不同“。

其他选项均不符合文意。[A]deviate”脱离，偏离”，如：deviatefromtheschedule“偏

离日程表“；[B]fluctuate"起伏，波动”如：thefluctuatingpriceofoil”石油价格的波

动”;[D]segregate”分离,隔离“，如：segregatesb.fromthecommunity“把某人与

团体隔离”。

11、

A、manner

B、means

C、case

D、context

标准答案：A

知识点解析：选项应该与上文的forms“形式”在语意上有并列关系，所以排除表示

情形或背景的[Qcase和[DJconlexl；[B]means”方法，手段,'通常与by连用，在文中

不符合搭配，因此选[A]。

12、

A、personnel

B、locality

C^natives

D、individuals

标准答案：D

知识点解析：人类学家研究习俗在人们生活中的作用，所以删除[A]personnel“全体

人员''和[B]locality”位置，地点”；[C]natives“本地人，土著人”在文中意义不够全

面，所以选[D],individuals指“个人，个体”，符合文意。

13、

A、subject

B、object

C^objective

D、subjective

标准答案:A

知识点解析：根据文中主题和后文的investigation可判断答案为[A],subject意为

“学科，科目其他均不符合文意。[B]object"物体,目标，对象”；©objective“客

观的,真实的“；[D]subjective"主观的，个人的”。

14、

A、worth

B、worthwhile

C^worthy

D、rewarding

标准答案：C

知识点解析：能够与of搭配的选项为[C],beworthyof意为“值得"，如：beworthy

ofattention“值得注意其他选项用法为：beworthsth./doing"值.../值得

做“；(it)beworthwhiletodo"值得做“；rewarding与worthwhile用法一样。

15、

A、Asamatteroffact

Onthewhole

C、Ingeneral

D、Ontheotherhand

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这一句与上句之间有转折关系，所以排除表示总结归纳的表达法

[B]Onthewhole"总的来说"和[C]Ingeneral"大体上[D]Ontheotherhand表示一件

事的另外一面。只有[A]表示转折关系，Asamatteroffact意为"事实上”。

16、

A、that

B、why

C、how

D、what

标准答案：D

知识点解析：than后面要接名词或名词性从句，因此，可以排除选项[C]how,同

时，从句中出现了动词evolve,所要选的关系词一定做evolve的宾语，根据题

意、,符合条件的选项只有[D]what。

17、

A、vulgar

lofty

C、grim

D、trivial

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这句与下句有转折关系，根据下句firstrateimportance可以判断答案

为[D],trivial意为“琐碎的，不重要的”，其他选项均不符合文意。[A]vulgar“粗俗

的，庸俗的“；[B]lofty“高的，崇高的"：©grim“冷酷的，可怕的”。

18、

A、in

B、of

C、at

D、to

标准答案：B

知识点解析:of常与一些名词如importance,significance,worth,value,

character,spirit等构成后置定语，宾意义相当于这个词的形容词，thefactoffirst

rateimportance意为“头等重要的事实”，其他选项均不符合搭配。

19、

A、functions

B、plays

C、makes

D^leads

标准答案：B

知识点解析：常与role“角色”构成动宾搭配的动词为：have,play,take等。其他

选项均不符合搭配。

20、

A、manifest

B、illustrate

C、reveal

D、indicate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：习俗可以显现出各种类别，选［A］,manifest意为“使显现，使显露“，

如：Thecontradiclionrr.anifesteditselfintheemploymentsitualion.在就业问题上矛

盾暴露了。其他选项均不符合文意。［B］iHustrate"举例说明，阐明"：［C］reveal意为

“使人们意识到，使显露“；［Djindicate指“间接地暗示，显示，指出

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共万题，每题7.0

分，共万分。）

AfterWorldWar□theglorificationofanever-largerGNPformedthebasisofanew

materialism,whichbecameasacredobligationforallJapanesegovernments,businesses

andtradeunions.Anyonewhomentionedtheundesirableby-productsofrapideconomic

growthwastreatedasaheretic.Consequently,everythingpossiblewasdonetomake

conditionseasyforthemanufacturers.Fewdaredquestionthewisdomofdischarging

untreatedwasteintothenearestwaterbodyoruntreatedsmokeintotheatmosphere.This

silencewasmaintainedbyunionleadersaswellasbymostofthecountry'sradicals;

exceptforafewisolatedvoices,nooneprotested.Aninsistenceontreatmentofthe

variouseffluentswouldhavenecessitatedexpendituresontreatmentequipmentthatin

turnwouldhavegivenrisetohigheroperatingcosts.Obviously,thiswouldhavemeant

higherpricesforJapanesegoods,andultimatelyfewersalesandlowerindustrialgrowth

andGNP.Thepursuitofnothingbuteconomicgrowthisillustratedbytheresponseof

theJapanesegovernmenttotheAmericaneducationalmissionthatvisitedJapanin1947.

AftersurveyingJapan'seducationalprogram,theAmericanssuggestedthattheJapanese

fillintheircurriculumgapbycreatingdepartmentsinchemicalandsanitaryengineering.

Immediately,chemicalengineeringdepartmentswereestablishedinallthecountry's

universitiesandtechnicalinstitutions.Incontrast,therecommendationtoformsanitary

engineeringdepartmentswasmoreorlessignored,becausetheycouldbringnoprofit.By

1960,onlytwosecond-rateuniversities,KyotoandHokkaido,wereinterestedenoughto

opensuchdepartments.ThereluctancetodivertfundsIromproductiontoconservationis

explanationenoughforacertaindegreeofpollution,butthesituationwasmadeworseby

thetypeoftechnologytheJapanesechosetoadoptfor(heirindustrialexpansion.Forthe

mostpart,theysimplycopiedAmericanindustrialmethods.Thismeantthatmethods

originallydesignedforuseinacountrythatstretchedfromtheAtlantictothePacific

withlotsofairandwatertouseassewagereceptacleswereadoptedforanareaafraction

ofthesize.Moreover,theJapanesedietwasmuchmoredependentonwaterasasource

offishandasaninputinrheinigationofrice;consequentlydischargedwastesbuiltup

muchmorerapidly,inthefoodchain.Notes:heretic异教徒。sanitary卫生的。forthe

mostpari基本上。receplacle储存地。

21>Accordingtothetext,nomeasureswereresortedtoinenvironmentalprotection

afterWorldWarIIinJapanbecause.

A、theywerereckonedtobeunnecessary.

B、theywouldcheckeconomicdevelopment.

C>noonewasmuchinterestedinthem.

D、pollutionwasheldasinevitableatthattime.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节归纳题。本题问：根据本文，二战以后日本在环保方面没有采取

措施的原因何在？第1段最后两句写道："Aninsistenceontreatmentofthevarious

effluentswouldhavenecessitatedexpendituresontreatmentequipmentthatinturnv/ould

havegivenrisetohigheroperatingcostsoObviously,thiswouldhavemeanthigher

pricesforJapanesegoods,andultimatelyfewersalesandlowerindustrialgrowthand

GNP”.(坚持认为处理各种污染流出物将必须花钱购买处理设备，而这笔开支又会

使运行成本提高。显然，这就意味着日本货的价格更贵，因而最终使销量减少、工

'巾增长率和国民牛产总值降低).归结起来,日本人认为环保投资会妨碍经济发

展。注意:GNP(grossnationalproduct)国民生产总值。resortto(=adopt)采取。check

vt.妨害，制止，阻止。冽如：Wehavecheckedtheadvanceoftheenemy.(我们制止

了敌人的前进)。

22、Accordingtothecontext,theword"effluents"inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto

A、by-effects.

B、drainage.

C^solidwastes.

D、risks.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词汇释义题。本题问：根据上下文，第1段中”effluents”在含义上最

接近下面哪一个词?参阅第1段倒数第2句：Aninsistenceontreatmentofthevarious

effluentswouldhavenecessitatedexpendituresontreatmentequipmentthatinturnv/ould

havegivenrisetohigheroperatingcosts.本句中effluentsHiJWtreatment,后有

necessitatedexpendituresontreatmentequipmento可见，effluents是从工厂里流出后

要被处理的东西，即为drainage（排出的污水）。注意：解这类题的技巧是注意并画

出前后的隐含信息词，然后加以归纳和推理。

23、ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatsoonaftertheSecondWorldWar.

A、hardlyanyonesuspectedthatitwasunwisetocontaminatethewaterandair.

B、peopleunanimouslyfounditacceptabletodampindustrialwastesintothesea.

C、thegovernmenttriedtodealwiththepollutionproblembutinvain.

D、nobodyattachedgreatsignificancetotheremedyforpublichazards.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题问：从本文中可以推理，二战刚结束时人们对污染

的态度如何?第1段第4句写道："Fewdaredquestionthewisdomofdischarging

untreatedwasteintothenearestwaterbodyoruntreatedsmokeintotheatmosphere".上

面的句意与A的表述相符。

24、Accordingtothelogicalclueofthetext,thesecondparagraphisanexampleto

showthat.

AxJapanwasmarkedlyinfluencedhytheU.S.ineducation.

educationinJapanwasnotsodevelopedasthatintheU.S..

C、JapaneseeducationalinstitutionsweremuchthesameasthoseintheU.S..

D、theJapanesegovernmentconcerneditselfonlyabouttheeconomicgain.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：逻辑结构题。本题问：根据本文的逻辑线索，第2段是用来说明什么

的?第2段第1句是段落主题句，它反映本段的中心思想：Thepursuitofnothingbut

economicgrowthisillustratedbytheresponseoftheJapanesegovernmentlothe

AmericaneducationalmissionthatvisitedJapanin1947.画龙点睛地指出日本政府的

追求目标。

25、Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonfortherapidityandintensityofpollutionin

Japan?

A、TheJapaneseweregenerallymodeledontheAmericanpatternofindustrial

development.

B、Japanwasunwillingtoallocatefundsforthesolutiontoenvironmentalproblems.

C>NosanitaryengineeringdepartmentsweresetupinhigherinstitutionsinJapan.

D、Japanplacedtoomuchemphasisoneconomicgrowthandneglectedenvironment.

标准答案：C

知识点解析；细节辨认题。本题问；下面哪一点不是日本污染快速与严重的原

因？TheJapaneseweregenerallymodeledontheAmericanpatternofindustrial

development.（口本总的来说模仿美国工业发展的模式）。这一点第3段第2句已提

至U：Forthemostpart,theysimplycopiedAmericanindustrialmethods.Japanwas

unwillingtoallocatefundsforthesolutionloenvironmentalproblems.（日本不愿意拨

款解决环境问题）。这一点第3段第1句已提到:Thereluctancetodivertfundsfrom

productiontoconservationisexplanationenoughforacertaindegreeofpollution...o

Japanplacedtoomuchemphasisoneconomicgrowthandneglectedenvironment.（日本

过分强调经济增长而忽视环境）。这一点第2段第1句已说明。而”在日本大学中没

有设立卫生工程系”这不是日本污染快速与严重的原因。

Forthreedecadeswe'veheardendlesslyaboutthevirtuesofaerobic（increasingoxygen

consumption）exercise,Medicalauthoritieshavepraisedrunningandjumpingasthekey

togoodhealth,andmillionsofAmericanshavetakentothetreadmilI（踏车）toreapthe

rewards.Butthestoryischanging.EveryonefromtheAmericanHeartAssociationtothe

surgeongeneral'sofficehasrecentlyembracedstrengthtrainingasacomplementto

aerobics.Andasweightliftinghasgonemainstream,sohastheonceobscurepractice

knownas"SuperSlow"training.Enthusiastsclaimthatbypumpingironatasnail's

pace-makingeach"rep"（repeat）last14secondsinsteadoftheusualseven——youcan

safelyplaceextraordinarydemandsonyourmuscles,andcallforthanextraordinary

response.Slowliftingmaynotbetheonlyexerciseyouneed,assomeadvocatesbelieve,

butthebenefitsareoftendramatic.Almostanyonecanhandlethisroutine.Theonly

requirementsarecompletefocusandatolerancefordeepmuscularburn.Foreach

exercise-legpress,benchpress,shoulderpressandsoon-yousetthemachineto

provideonlymoderateresistance.Butasyoudrawouteachrep.deprivingyourselfof

impetus,theweightsoonfeelsunbearable.Defyingtheimpulsetostop,youkeepgoing

untilyoucan'tcompletearep.Thenyousustainyourvaineffortfor10moreseconds

whiletheweightsinksgraduallytowarditscradle.Intense?Uncomfortable?Totally.But

onceyouembracemusclefailureasthegoaloftheworkout,itcanbecomealmost

pleasure.Thegoalisnottoburncalorieswhileyou'reexercisingbuttomakeyourbody

bumthemallthetime.Runningafewmilesmaymakeyousweat,butitexpendsonly

100caloriespermile,anditdoesn'tstimulatemuchboneormuscledevelopment.

Strengthtrainingdoesn'tburnmanycalories,either.Butwhenyoupushamuscleto

failure,yousetoffapourofphysiologicalchanges.Asthemusclerecoversoverseveral

days,itwillthickenandthenewmuscletissuewilldemandsustenance.Bythetimeyou

addthreepoundsofmuscle,yourbodyrequiresanextra9,000caloricsamonthjustto

breakeven.Holdyourdietsteadyand,veryquickly,youarevaporizingbodyfat.One

mighthavebenefitedfromanystrength-trainingprogram.Butadvocatesinsistthatthe

slowtechniqueissaferandmoreeffectivethantraditionalmethods.

26、ManyAmericanshavetakentotreadmillforyearsbyvirtueof.

A、itsinherentawardstotheirhealth

B、itsgreaterconsumptionofoxygen

C、thecomplimentpaidbyauthorities

D、theactualbenefitsfromtheexercise

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节推断题。采用排除法。A、B两项中的its应指treadmill,它本身

只是一种器械，不可能“消耗更多氧气”，故可排除；C中的complimenl（赞扬）在原

文句中指的是runningandjumping,而非treadmill,也可排除。融一段第二句

Medicalauthoritieshavepraisedrunningandjumpingasthekeytogoodhealth,and

millionsofAmericanshavetakentothetreadmilltoreaptherewards表明，美国人喜欢

练treadmill是要reaptherewards,即有益于健康，所以D符合句意。

27>Accordingtotheauthor,"SuperSlow"training.

A、hasbeenmisunderstoodfordecades

B、hasbeenwidelyacceptedrecently

C、hasbeenthebasisofweightlifting

D、hasbecomethenucleusofaerobics

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节推断题。根据第一段第五句Andasweightliftinghasgone

mainstream,sohastheonceobscurepracticeknownasltSuperSlow“training（同举重运

动一样，一度默默无闻的“超慢速”训练也已成为主流），推断B最恰当。

28、Inpracticingslowlifting,onehasto.

A、completeeachrepwithgreatdemandsforhismuscles

beartheunusualreactioncausedbythetraining

C、sufferthebittereffectcalledforthbytheexercise

D、exertextraordinarypressureonhislegsandshoulders

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节推断题。slowlifting（慢速举重）出现在第一段末两句。其中提到

以极慢的速度提拉铁片，你就能安全地给自己的肌肉增加非同寻常的压力。第二段

作了进一步描述，这样做的要求是全神贡注和忍耐深切的肌肉刺痛。据此可知C

正确。

29、Slowweightliftersarerequiredtomakeeachrep.

A^withoutusinganydrivingforce

B、withoutmovementoftheirbody

C、withunbearableironweights

D^withthefeelingofmusclefailure

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节推断题。采用排除法。B文中未遑；C、D是这种锻炼产生的效

果，而非对锻炼的要求。第二段第四句：Butasyoudrawouteachrep,depriving

yourselfofimpetus,theweightsoonfeelsunbearable.A与原句中deprivingyourself

ofimpetus（强制自己不用推力）相符，因此A为应选答案。

30、Thephrase"tobreakeven"（Line7,Para.3）mostprobablymeans.

A、toupsetthephysicalenergybalance

todisturbthecalmnessofthebody

C^togainagreaterprofitthanaloss

D、tomakeneitheraprofitnoraloss

标准答案：D

知识点解析：词汇释义题。本题需根据它所在的句意和上下文进行推断，文中第三

段侄ij数第二句Bythetimeyouaddthreepoundsofmuscle,yourbodyrequiresanextra

9,000caloricsamonthiusttobreakeven的大概意思是,增加三磅的肌肉就需要额

外的9000卡路里来弥未卜。breakeven这一惯用短语在词典里释义为“打成平手：得

失相当；不盈不亏很明显D正确。

TomBurkerecentlytriedtoprintoutaboardingpassfromhomebeforeoneofthe

frequent/lightshetakes.Hecouldn't.Hisname,oronesimilartoit,isnowononeofthe

TransportationSecurityAdministration'sterroristwatchlists.Everyday,thousandsof

peoplelikeBurkefindthemselvesunable{odothingslikeprintaboardingpassandare

pulledasideforextensivescreeningbecausetheirname,oranamethatsoundsliketheirs,

isononeofthewatchlists.FromtheTSA'sperspective,thescreeningisjustoneofthe

manynewlayersofincreasedsecuritythataredesignedtopreventterroristactivity.The

inconvenienceisregrettable,butapricethatsocietyhastopayforsecurity.Andfor

nationalsecurityreasons,theFBIandothergovernmentagenciesresponsiblefor

supplyingnamestothelistswillnotdisclosethecriteriatheyuse.Theysaythatwould

amounttotippingtheirhandstotheterrorists.Butcivillibertariansaremoreconcerned

aboutthelong-termconsequenceofthecurrentlists.OnSept.11,2001,theno-flylist

contained16names.Now,thecombinedlistsareestimatedtohaveasmanyas20,000.

InternalFBImemosfromagentsrefeiTedtotheprocessas"reallyconfused"and"not

comprehensiveandnotcentralized."Burkeandotherscontendthatsuchcommentsaxe

disturbing,becauseitwasduringthefirstyearaftertheattacksthatthewatchlistsgrew

exponentially."TheunderlyingdangerisnotthatTom.Burkecannolongergeta

boardingpasstogetonanairline,"saysalawyer."It'sthattheTomBurkesintheworld

mayforevermorebeassociated(withtheterroristwatchlist)."Burkesaystheydoknow

thatthelistsaxefrequentlyupdatedanddistributedinternationally,buttheydon'tknow

howtheoldlistsaredestroyed.Theyalsohopetoensurethatsometimeinthefuturea

personwhosenameisonthelist,butisnotaterrorist,doesnotrunintofurthertroubleif,

say,lawenforcementinanothercountrythatthey'revisitingcomesacrosstheirnameon

oneoftheoldlists.Inaddition,airlinesareconcernedthatthelistsarenotupdated

frequentlyenough."We'vebeenencouragingtheTSAtoworkwithailoftheother

federallaw-enforcementagenciestogetaregularreviewofthenamesthattheysubmit

toTSA,becausetherehavebeenreportsthattheseagencieshavesaidthatiftherewasa

review,manyofthenamescouldberemoved,"saysDianaCroninoftheAirTransport

Association.

31、Thenumberofnamesontheno-flylistincreasesrapidlyfrom16to20,000most

probablybecause

A、terroristattacksarelaunchedfrequently.

B、manypeople'snamesaresimilartoknownterrorists.

C、thescreeningsystemisnoteffectiveenough.

D、terroristsarenotaccuratelyidentifiedafter9.11.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题问禁止登机名单上的名字从16人快速增长到20000人最可能的

原因是什么。首段及第二段都在讲由于一些人的名字与恐怖分子的名字相似而被安

全部门禁止登机。从下文的叙述可以看出作者对安全部门工作的不周全有无奈和责

怪之意。故禁飞名单上的名字大幅增多主要是安全部门工作的不周全所致，因此

”9.11后没有准确地鉴定恐怖分子”正确。恐怖袭击频繁：这一点文中并没有提到，

实际上是在9.11恐怖袭击之后联邦调查局就加强了保安措施，而不是由于恐怖袭

击频繁而导致名单上人数的增加。许多人的名字和已知恐怖分子的名字相同：在

9.11事件以前也有人的名字和恐怖分子的名字相像，但那时名单上并没有那么多

人，所以这并不是名单上名字激增的原因。真正原因是因为9.11事件发生后政府

防护措施不严谨。安检系统的不够有效：文中提到数千人被叫到一旁进行进一步检

查，就是因为他们的姓名，或者和他们的姓名相似的名字上了黑名单。也就是说，

禁止登机的人的名单制定在先。这与”安检系统的有效性”无关。

32、IntheeyesoftheTSA,thecurrentsystemis

A、inconvenientandpointless.

B、reasonablebutimperfect.

C、effectiveandpraiseworthy.

D^necessarybutimpractical.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题问在美国运输安全管理局看来现行的系统怎么样。从文中第二段

的第三句"Theinconvenienceisregettable,butapricethatsocietyhastopayfor

security",可以看出现行的系统给人们带来了不便但又是必需的。由此可见美国运

输安全管理局承认现行系统的不完善性，同时又强调这一系统的合理性和必要性，

故”合理的但并不完备”正确。不方便的且无意义的：说这一系统不方便有道理，但

这是为了防止恐怖袭击所必须付出的代价，所以不能说它是无意义的。有效的且值

得赞扬的：赞扬过头了，实际上美国运输安全管理局自己也认识到了该系统的不足

和不方便。必要的但是不切实际：错在"impractical”,美国运输安全管理局认为该

系统虽然不方便但也是没有办法的事情，这里并没有“不实际“、”不容易操作”的含

义。

33、TheattitudesofFRIandRurketowardsthereliabilityoftheno-flylistare

A、similar.

B、opposite.

C^confusing.

D、ambiguous.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题问FBI和伯克对禁飞名单可靠性的态度是什么。文中第三段提

到FBI的内部备忘录，刍己承认禁飞名单”很混乱"“不全面而且没有全面管理”，而

紧随其后，又提到伯克对此“不安“，因为”恐怖袭击刚过去一年，监视名单就以指

数增长”，说明他们都认为禁飞名单的数字很不可靠，存在很大问题。所以“相似的

”正确。对立的：二者虽然一个是政府机关，一个是被监视的对象，基本立场好像

有些对立，但在禁飞名单的可靠性方面观点是一致的，均认为禁飞名单不够可靠。

令人困惑的；暖昧的：文中FBI和伯克对名单的态度都是很清楚的，并无让人困

惑之处，也并不暧昧，难以理解。

34、Accordingtoparagraph4,Burke'sgreatconcernaboutthecurrentsystemisthat

A^thesystemfailstoupdateinternationally.

heisoftenmistakenforaterrorist.

C、thedamagedonebydielistcannotbequicklycorrected.

D、gettinghisboardingpasswilloftentakemoretime.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题问从第四段可以看出，伯克对当前使用的系统最关注的是什么。

文中第四段开始提到一位律师的观点：他认为像伯克这样被误认为是恐怖分子的人

最关注的是消除已经给其造成的负面影响，接下来又提到伯克自己的观点：叮hey

alsohopetoensurethatsometimeinthefutureapersonwhosenameisonthelist*butis

notaterrorist,doesnotrunintofurthertroubleif..."即伯克对目前使用的系统最关注

的也是能否将已经造成的负面影响及时地消除。故'名单造成的负面影响不能被及

时为正“正确。系统没能进行全球性的更新：这并不是伯克最关注的，文中第四段

第三句提至『'Burkesaystheydoknowthatthelistsarefrequentlyupdatedand

distributedinternationally",可见伯克知道系统是经常进行全球性更新的。因此他不

会担心本项内容。他常常被误认为是恐怖分子：本项没有反映出文章强调的长期影

响，如果伯克仅仅是现在被怀疑是恐怖分子，但以后不会有任何麻烦，也许他就不

会这样在乎。经常要等很久才能拿到登机牌：从文中第四段首句“Theunderlying

dangerisnotthatTomBurkecannolongergetaboardingpasstogetonanairline"nf

见，这也不是伯克最关注的。

35、TheairlinesmaybesatisfiediftheTSAcan

A、distributetheno-flylistsbeforeaflight.

B、revisetheterroristwatchlistsmoreoften.

C、preventterroristsfromboardingairplanes.

D、abolishthecurrentterroristscreeningsystem.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：本题问美国运输安全管理局怎样做机场才会满意。末段第一句说

"airlinesareconcernedthatthelistsarenotupdatedfrequentlyenough".可见机场对名

单不能及时更新是不满意的，末段末句也说"...iftherewasareview,manyofthe

namescouldberemoved可,见，如果美国运输安全管理局能及时更新名单，机场才

会满意。故”更频繁地更新恐怖分子名单”正确。在起飞前分发禁止登机的名单：文

中没有提到。阻止恐怖分子登机：文中并未谈到航空公司要求TSA阻止恐怖分子

登机，实际上阻止恐怖分子登机应该是航空公司的任务，TSA只不过提供名单罢

了。废除现在的恐怖分子监视系统：文中仅谈到要经常更新名单，并不是说要把整

个监视系统给废除了。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。）

[A]Forexample,theUni:edStatesisamajorconsumerofcoffee,yetitdoesnothavethe

climatetogrowanyofitsown.Consequently,theUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefrom

countries(suchasBrazil,ColombiaandGuatemala)thatgrowcoffeeefficiently.Onthe

otherhand,theUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyof

goods,suchaschemicalsandairplanes,whichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.If

nationstradeditemforitem,suchasoneautomobilefor10,000bagsofcoffee,foreign

tradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.Soinsteadofbarter,whichisthe

tradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoney,theUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyin

paymentforwhatitsells.ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollars,whichBrazilcanthen

usetobuywoolfromAustralia,whichinturncanbuytextilesfromGreatBritain,which

canthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.|B]Foreigntradealsooccursbecausea

countryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.Althoughthe

UnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugar,itconsumesmorethanitcanproduce

internallyandthusmustimportsugar.[C]Foreigntrade,theexchangeofgoodsbetween

nations,takesplaceformanyreasons.Thefirst,asmentionedaboveisthatnonationhas

allofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarcscatteredaroundtheworld.Large

depositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZaire,diamondsareminedinSouthAfricaand

petroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresources

withintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.[D|Intoday's

complexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-suffi-cient.Nations

haveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisis

thefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivity,

internationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.[E]Finally,foreigntradetakesplace

becauseofinnovationorstyle.EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobiles

thananyothercountry,itstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermany,Japanand

Sweden,primarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates.|F]Formost

nations,exportsandimportsarethemostimportantinternationalactivity.Whennations

exportmorethantheyimport,theyaresaidtohaveafavorablebalanceoftrade.When

theyimportmorethantheyexport,anunfavorablebalanceoftradeexists.Nationstryto

maintainafavorablebalanceoftrade,whichassuresthemofthemeanstobuynecessary

imports.[GJThird,onenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.

Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcan

producethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatesto

buythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.Accordingtoeconomictheory,

Japanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparative

advantage.Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathavea

comparativeadvantage