2026年山东省人教版初中英语下册第12单元语法练习

2026年山东省人教版初中英语下册第12单元语法练习一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中动词时态使用正确的一项。A.Sheoftengoestothelibrarybecausesheneedtostudyfortheexamlastweek.B.MybrotherwasplayingbasketballwhenIcallhimyesterdayevening.C.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomeworksincetheystartedat4PMyesterday.D.TheteachertoldusthatthestudentswillgotothemuseumnextSunday.解析：选项A中"need"应为"needed"（一般过去时），"because"连接的从句需与主句时态一致；选项B中"call"应为"called"（一般过去时），"when"连接的从句需与主句时态一致；选项C中"since"连接的从句需用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，但"started"时态错误；选项D正确，"willgo"表示将来时，符合语境。2.选择第12单元语法中正确的被动语态形式。A.Thebookwasreadbythestudentslastnight.B.Manypeoplewasinjuredintheaccident.C.Myparentshavebeentakentothehospitalbythepolice.D.Sheisbeingcalledbytheteacherbecausesheislate.解析：选项A正确，"wasread"是过去时的被动语态；选项B错误，主语"people"是复数，谓语应为"wereinjured"；选项C正确，"havebeentaken"是现在完成时的被动语态；选项D正确，"isbeingcalled"是现在进行时的被动语态。3.根据第12单元语法，选择下列句子中情态动词使用正确的一项。A.YoumusttofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyoucanwatchTV.B.MayIgotothebathroomorIwillmissthebus.C.Hecouldnotopenthedoorbecauseitnotlockproperly.D.Shouldweleavenoworwewillbelateforthemeeting.解析：选项A错误，"must"后直接跟动词原形；选项B错误，"or"连接的从句需用一般现在时；选项C错误，"itnotlock"应为"itwasn’tlocked"；选项D正确，"Shouldweleave"是情态动词表建议，"wewillbelate"是主句。4.选择第12单元语法中正确的非谓语动词形式。A.IaminterestedinplaytheguitarsinceIstartedwhenIwasten.B.Shewenttothepartywithouttotalktoanyone.C.Havingfinishedherwork,thegirlwenttobedearly.D.Thebookwhichwaswrittenbyhimisveryinteresting.解析：选项A错误，"interestedin"后需跟动名词"playing"；选项B错误，"without"后需跟动名词"talking"；选项C正确，"Havingfinished"是现在分词作状语；选项D错误，"whichwaswritten"是定语从句，但"written"前需加"by"。5.根据第12单元语法，选择下列句子中冠词使用正确的一项。A.Thereisaappleonthetablewhichisverydelicious.B.Sheboughtsomebreadandtwoeggsforbreakfast.C.Iwenttothebanktogetsomemoneyyesterday.D.Heisthemosttalleststudentinhisclass.解析：选项A错误，"aapple"应为"a/anapple"（泛指）；选项B正确，"somebread"和"twoeggs"冠词使用无误；选项C错误，"thebank"特指银行，但"getsomemoney"无需冠词；选项D错误，"mosttallest"应为"tallest"（最高级前不用"most"）。6.选择第12单元语法中正确的宾语从句连接词。A.Shesaidthatshewasbornin2005.B.HeaskedmeifIgotothecinemalastnight.C.MyteachertoldmethatImustfinishmyhomeworknow.D.Theythinkthatheistallerthanme.解析：选项A正确，"that"引导宾语从句且陈述事实；选项B错误，"if"引导宾语从句时主句用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；选项C错误，"that"引导宾语从句时主句用一般过去时，从句用一般现在时；选项D错误，"thanme"是介词短语，需用比较级。7.根据第12单元语法，选择下列句子中形容词最高级使用正确的一项。A.Thisisthebeautifulflowerinthegarden.B.Sheistheintelligentstudentinourclass.C.Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisteam.D.Theyhavethemostbighouseintheneighborhood.解析：选项A错误，"beautifulflower"应为"mostbeautifulflower"（最高级前用"most"）；选项B正确，"intelligentstudent"符合最高级用法；选项C正确，"anyotherboy"比较级用法正确；选项D错误，"mostbig"应为"biggest"（最高级前不用"most"）。8.选择第12单元语法中正确的定语从句关系词。A.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.B.Sheisthegirlwholivesnexttome.C.Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.D.Heistheteacherwhoseisverystrict.解析：选项A正确，"which"指物且在从句中作主语；选项B正确，"who"指人且在从句中作主语；选项C正确，"where"指地点且在从句中作状语；选项D错误，"whoseis"应为"whoseis"（关系代词后需加系动词）。9.根据第12单元语法，选择下列句子中介词使用正确的一项。A.Shearrivedatschoolat7o’clockyesterdaymorning.B.Heisinterestedinthebookabouthistory.C.Theywenttotheparkonfootlastweekend.D.Theteachergavemeabookformybirthday.解析：选项A正确，"atschool"表示具体地点；选项B错误，"abouthistory"应为"onhistory"（关于历史）；选项C正确，"onfoot"表示步行；选项D错误，"formybirthday"应为"onmybirthday"（在生日当天）。10.选择第12单元语法中正确的虚拟语气形式。A.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.B.Shesuggestedthatheshouldstudyharder.C.Itisimportantthatwemustfinishtheprojectontime.D.Hewouldhavepassedtheexamifhehadstudiedmore.解析：选项A正确，"IfIwere"是虚拟语气第一式；选项B错误，"suggestedthat"后需用一般过去时；选项C错误，"itisimportantthat"后需用一般现在时；选项D正确，"wouldhavepassed"是虚拟语气第二式。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Mysister______(be)adoctorsinceshegraduatedfrommedicalschoolfiveyearsago.2.TheteachertoldusthattheEarth______(go)aroundtheSun.3.You______(nothave)tofinishyourhomeworktonightbecausetheteachersaiditwasoptional.4.IfI______(have)moretime,Iwouldreadthatbook.5.ThisisthemostbeautifulplaceI______(eversee)inmylife.6.Thestudents______(study)Englishwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.7.Shesuggestedthatwe______(go)tothelibrarytodoresearch.8.Mybrotheristallerthanme,butIamtheoldestofthethree.9.Itisnecessarythateveryone______(follow)therulesofthegame.10.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewillhavetocancelthepicnic.三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thechildrenwereplayingintheparkwhenitstartedtorainyesterday.（√）2.YoumustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyoucanwatchTV.（√）3.Shecouldnotopenthedoorbecauseitwasnotlockproperly.（×，应为"itwasn’tlocked"）4.Havingfinishedherwork,thegirlwenttobedearly.（√）5.Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden.（×，应为"mostbeautiful"）6.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（√）7.Sheisthegirlwholivesnexttome.（√）8.Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.（√）9.Heistheteacherwhoseisverystrict.（×，应为"whoseis"）10.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.（√）四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.简述第12单元中被动语态的构成和用法。2.解释情态动词"must"和"should"在语法中的区别。3.说明非谓语动词"goingto"和"togo"的用法区别。4.分析冠词"the"和"a/an"的用法区别。5.比较宾语从句和定语从句的连接词和功能。6.解释形容词最高级前加"most"的用法规则。7.说明虚拟语气第一式和第二式的区别。8.分析介词"on"和"at"的用法区别。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。-Thestudents______(study)Englishwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.-Shesuggestedthatwe______(go)tothelibrarytodoresearch.-Mybrotheristallerthanme,butIamtheoldestofthethree.-IfI______(have)moretime,Iwouldreadthatbook.2.将下列句子改为被动语态。-Theteachergaveusabook.-Theywillfinishtheprojectnextweek.-Shehaswrittenaletter.-Myparentsbuiltthishousein1990.3.用情态动词填空，完成句子。-You______(nothave)tofinishyourhomeworktonightbecausetheteachersaiditwasoptional.-IfI______(be)you,Iwouldgototheparty.-He______(can)swimverywell.-Itisimportantthateveryone______(follow)therulesofthegame.4.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。-ThisisthemostbeautifulplaceI______(eversee)inmylife.-ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.-Sheisthegirlwholivesnexttome.-Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.5.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。-Thechildren______(play)intheparkwhenitstartedtorainyesterday.-She______(nothave)tofinishherhomeworktonightbecausetheteachersaiditwasoptional.-IfI______(have)moretime,Iwouldreadthatbook.-ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.6.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。-Mysister______(be)adoctorsinceshegraduatedfrommedicalschoolfiveyearsago.-TheteachertoldusthattheEarth______(go)aroundtheSun.-You______(nothave)tofinishyourhomeworktonightbecausetheteachersaiditwasoptional.-IfI______(be)you,Iwouldgototheparty.六、案例分析（每题3分，共18分）1.案例背景：某学生在写作文时，写了以下句子。-"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."-"Shesuggestedthatwemustgotothelibrarytodoresearch."-"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."请分析并改正其中的语法错误。2.案例背景：某学生在口语表达时，说了以下句子。-"IfIhavemoretime,Iwouldreadthatbook."-"YoumustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyoucanwatchTV."-"Thechildrenwereplayingintheparkwhenitstartedtorainyesterday."请分析并说明这些句子的语法正确性。3.案例背景：某学生在写作文时，写了以下句子。-"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."-"Shesuggestedthatweshouldgotothelibrarytodoresearch."-"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."请分析并改正其中的语法错误。4.案例背景：某学生在写作文时，写了以下句子。-"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."-"Shesuggestedthatwemustgotothelibrarytodoresearch."-"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."请分析并改正其中的语法错误。5.案例背景：某学生在写作文时，写了以下句子。-"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."-"Shesuggestedthatweshouldgotothelibrarytodoresearch."-"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."请分析并改正其中的语法错误。6.案例背景：某学生在写作文时，写了以下句子。-"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."-"Shesuggestedthatwemustgotothelibrarytodoresearch."-"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."请分析并改正其中的语法错误。七、论述题（每题2分，共22分）1.论述第12单元中被动语态的构成和用法。2.论述情态动词"must"和"should"在语法中的区别。3.论述非谓语动词"goingto"和"togo"的用法区别。4.论述冠词"the"和"a/an"的用法区别。5.论述宾语从句和定语从句的连接词和功能。6.论述形容词最高级前加"most"的用法规则。7.论述虚拟语气第一式和第二式的区别。8.论述介词"on"和"at"的用法区别。9.论述第12单元中被动语态的构成和用法。10.论述情态动词"must"和"should"在语法中的区别。11.论述非谓语动词"goingto"和"togo"的用法区别。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.D2.A3.A4.C5.B6.A7.B8.A9.A10.A二、填空题1.hasbeen2.goes3.don’thave4.had5.haveeverseen6.werestudying7.shouldgo8.-9.shouldfollow10.rains三、判断题1.√2.√3.×4.√5.×6.√7.√8.√9.×10.√四、简答题1.被动语态由"be动词+过去分词"构成，用于强调动作的承受者。2."must"表示必须，"should"表示建议，"must"语气更强。3."goingto"表示计划，"togo"表示目的。4."the"指特定事物，"a/an"指泛指事物。5.宾语从句由"that/if/whether"引导，定语从句由关系词引导。6.最高级前加"most"用于修饰可数名词复数。7.第一式表示与事实相反的假设，第二式表示对过去的假设。8."on"表示时间或位置，"at"表示具体点。五、应用题1.arestudying,shouldgo2.wasgiven,willbefinished,hasbeenwritten,wasbuilt3.don’thave,be,can,shouldfollow4.haveeverseen,which,who,where5.wereplaying,don’thave,had,is6.hasbeen,goes,don’thave,be六、案例分析1."ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."（正确）"Shesuggestedthatwemustgotothelibrarytodoresearch."（错误，应为"should"）"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."（错误，应为"mostbeautiful"）2."IfIhavemoretime,Iwouldreadthatbook."（正确）"YoumustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyoucanwatchTV."（正确）"Thechildrenwereplayingintheparkwhenitstartedtorainyesterday."（正确）3."ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."（正确）"Shesuggestedthatweshouldgotothelibrarytodoresearch."（错误，应为"must"）"Thisisthemostbeautifulflowerinthegarden."（错误，应为"mostbeautiful"）4."ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting."（正确）"Shesuggestedthatwemustgotothelibrarytodoresearch."（错误，应为"should"）"Thisist