考研英语（一）模拟试卷98

考研英语（一）模拟试卷98

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswho

havetriedto(1)otherstobuythefoodtheyhaveproducedorthegoodstheyhave

madeortheservicestheycan(2).Butinthe19thcenturythemassproductionof

goods(3)theIndustrialRevolutionmadeperson-to-personsellinginefficient.The

massdistributionofgoodsthat(4)thedevelopmentofthehighwaymadeperson-

to-personselling(5)slowandexpensive.Atthesametime,masscommunication,

firstnewspapersandmagazines,(6)radioandtelevision,mademassselling

through(7)possible.Theobjectiveofanyadvertisementistoconvincepeoplethat

itisintheirbest(8)totaketheactiontheadvertiserisrecommending.Theaction

(9)betopurchaseaproduct,useaservice,voteforapoliticalcandidate,or

(10)tojointheArmy.Advertisingasa(11)developedfirstandmostrapidly

intheUnitedStates,thecountrythatusesittothegreatest(12).In1980advertising

expenditureintheU.S.exceeded55billiondollars,or(13)2percentofthegross

nationalproduct.Canadaspentaboutl.@2percentofitsgrossnationalproduct

(14)advertising.(15)advertisingbringstheeconomiesofmasssellingtothe

manufacturer,it(16)benefitsfortheconsumer(17).Someofthose

economiesarepassedalongtothepurchasersothatthecostofaproductsoldprimarily

throughadvertisingisusuallyfar(18)thanonesoldthroughpersonalsalespeople.

Advertising(19)peopleimmediatenewsaboutproductsthathavejustcomeonthe

market.Finally,advertising(20)fortheprogramsoncommercialtelevisionand

radioandforabouttwothirdsofthecostofpublishingmagazinesandnewspapers.

1、Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividuals

whohavetriedto(1)otherstobuythefoodtheyhaveproducedorthegoodsthey

havemadeortheservicestheycan(2).Butinthe19thcenturythemassproduction

ofgoods(3)theIndustrialRevolutionmadeperson-to-personsellinginefficient.

Themassdistributionofgoodsthat(4)thedevelopmentofthehighwaymade

person-to-personselling(5)slowandexpensive.Atthesametime,mass

communication,firstnewspapersandmagazines,(6)radioandtelevision,made

masssellingthrough(7)possible.Theobjectiveofanyadvertisementisto

convincepeoplethatitisintheirbest(8)totaketheactiontheadvertiseris

recommending.Theaction(9)betopurchaseaproduct,useaservice,votefora

politicalcandidate,or(10)tojointheArmy.Advertisingasa(11)developed

firstandmostrapidlyintheUnitedStates,thecountrythatusesittothegreatest

(12).In1980advertisingexpenditureintheU.S.exceeded55billiondollars,or

(13)2percentofthegrossnationalproduct.Canadaspentaboutl.@2percentof

itsgrossnationalproduct(14)advertising.(15)advertisingbringsthe

economiesofmasssellingtothemanufacturer,it(16)benefitsfortheconsumer

(17).Someofthoseeconomiesarcpassedalongtothepurchasersothatthecostof

aproductsoldprimarilythroughadvertisingisusuallyfar(18)thanonesold

throughpersonalsalespeople.Advertising(19)peopleimmediatenewsabout

productsthathavejustcomeonthemarket.Finally,advertising(20)forthe

programsoncommercialtelevisionandradioandforabouttwothirdsofthecostof

publishingmagazinesandnewspapers.

A、request

B、oblige

C、affect

D、persuade

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考点为动宾结构的搭配。persuadesb10dosth意为”劝说某人做某事

"o其他选项均语意不当。

2、

A、transfer

B>secure

C、enjoy

D、perform

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考点为动宾结构。performtheservices履行服务。据上下文，只有答

案项才符合题意。

3、

A、resultingfrom

B、dealingwith

C、leadingto

D、goingfor

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考点为上下文语意辨析。resultfrom由…产生。

4、

A^followed

B、preceded

C、achieved

D、induced

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考点为上下文语意辨析。此句意思是：随着公路建设的发展。

preceded在…之前：achieved取得：induced引起，均不符合题意。

5、

A、so

too

C、very

D、more

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考点为副词的词义辨析。tooslowandexpensive太慢乂太昂贵，其余

选项搭配不当。

6、

A、second

B、and

C、then

D、later

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考点为连词的衔接。根据前面的first的提示，此处需要一个表示”接

着”的连接词，所以then符合题意。

7、

A、marketing

B、advertising

C、salespeople

D、agents

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考点为上下文语篇连贯。根据第一段的内容，谈的是adverlising的形

成，即各方面的条件使advertising成为可能。

8、

A、profits

B、benefits

C、interests

D、gains

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考点为名词的辨析与搭配。intheirbestinterests固定搭配，"为他们的

最大利益，其余选项都不合题意：profils利润，益处；benefits利益，好处；gains

获得物。

9、

A、should

would

C、may

D、will

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考点为情态动词的使用。may表示"口「以“；should应当；would愿

意；will将；相比之下答案选项符合题意。

10、

A^though

B、otherwise

C、still

D、even

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考点为副词的词义辨析。此处的even表示加强语气，“甚至于”。

11、

A、business

B、service

C^product

D、profession

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：考点为名词的词义辨析。这句话的意思是：广告活动作为一种商业。

其他选项：service服务；product产品；profession职业。

12、

A、amount

B、extent

C、possibility

D、utility

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考点为形容词与名词的搭配。tothegreaiesiexienl到最大程度。其他

选项：amount数量：possibility可能性；utility效用。

13、

A、similarly

B、supposedly

C、approximately

D、accountably

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考点为副词的上下文词义辨析。approximately2percent大约百分之

二。其他几个选项意思不对。

14、

A、with

B、at

C^into

D、on

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考的是动词与介词的搭配，spent...on为固定搭配。

15、

A、While

B、Therefore

C、But

D、If

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考点为连词的词义辨析与搭配。此处的While做让步状语的连接词，

意思为“尽管”。

16、

A、induces

reduces

C、produces

D、introduces

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考点为动宾搭配。producebenefits产生好处。其他选项：induce劝

诱；reduce减少；introduce介绍。

17、

A、aswell

B、asusual

C>asaresult

D、asarule

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：考点为副词短语的上下文衔接。aswell也；乂；同样。这句话的整

体意思是：尽管广告对厂家的大规模销售带来经济利益，它同样也对消费者产生了

好处。其他选项：asusual照常；asaresult作为结果；asarule通常；均不符合上

下文语境c

18、

A、more

less

C、cheaper

D、dearer

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考点为形容词的辨析，farlessthan远远少于。根据上下文可做出此

选择。

19、

A、takes

B、brings

C^gives

D、delivers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考的是上下文语义搭配及辨析，bringspeopleimmediatenews

aboutproducts给人们带来有关产品的直接的信息。take拿走；give给与；deliver递

送，均不合题意。

20、

A、works

calls

C、looks

D、pays

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考点为动词与介词的固定搭配，payfor为…付款。workfor为…工

作；callfor要求，提倡；lookfor寻找。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Foryears,digitalnewsconformedtoonesectionofthe1984prophecyofthetechnology

guruStewartBrand一that"informationwantstobefreebecausethecostofgettingit

outisgettinglower."Now,itisrelyingonhisother,lesser-knownmaxim—that

"informationwantstobeexpensivebecauseit'ssovaluable.Therightinformationinthe

rightplacejustchangesyourlife."Aspaywallsgoup,andadvertisingyieldscontinueto

fall,publishershavepinnedtheirhopesonsubscriptions.Somesuggestthatitisabreach

ofpublishers'moralobligationtomakenewsfreelyaccessiblebecauseitisapublicgood.

Idon'tseewhypublishershaveanethicaldutynottochargeforthecontentthey

originate.Freenewsisarecentphenomenon.Newspaperpublishersalwayscharged

readers,albeitasmallamountcomparedwiththecostofnewsgathering.Furthermore,

nothingwillchangethefactthatpeoplehaveaccesstofarmoreinformationthanbefore

theinternet.Newscannotbepatented-onceinformationisuncovered,itspreadsrapidly

acrossTwitterandFacebook,andisrepeatedbyrivalsandaggregators.Yetthetrendis

clear.MostofthetopUSnewspapershaveapaywallinplace,orareplanningone.The

financialmodelforprintnewspapers-thatmostrevenuescamefromadvertising,v/ith

subscriptionsandnews-standpricesmakinguptherest—docsnotworkonline.The

double-digitincreaseinonlineadvertisingrevenuesintheearly2000shasslowedtothe

lowsinglefigures,asgrowingtrafficismostlyoffsetbyfallingadvertisingyields.With

hindsight,itisblindinglyobviousthatwhenthespaceforadvertisingexpands—asitdid

hugelywiththeshiftfromprinttoonline-pricesfall.Foralongtime,thisevadednews

publishers,wholivedinthevainhopethattheycouldrelymoreonadvertisinginthe

onlineworld,ratherthanless.PaperssuchastheFTandtheNewYorkTimeshave

reversedthattactic—theNYT'scirculationrevenuesnowexceedthosefromadvertising.

Thus,newsisincreasinglybeingpaidforbyaffluentindividuals—theaverage

householdincomeofNYTsubscribersisabout$100,000一orproducedaspartofa

corporateservice,suchasBloombergNewsandThomsonReuters.Shouldwebe

worried?Theriskisthatnewswillbecomeslantedintheinterestsofcorporationsandthe

wealthy.Sofar,thereisn'tmuchsignofthat.Thenewsorganisationsbestplacedto

prosperfromtheshift-Bloomberg,Reuters,theFT,（heWallStreetJournal,The

Economist—havehighstandards.Indeed,theshifttowardssubscriptionscouldraise

editorialstandards,ratherthanloweringthem.Freesitesthatneedtoboostpageviev/sto

gainadvertisinghaveanincentivetogodownmarketwithmoregossipandcelebrity

news;theonesthatrelymoreonsubscriptionshavethereverseincentive.Butthefading

eraofadvertising-subsidisednewspapersandfree-to-airtelevisionwasatleast

democratic.Atrelativelylowcost,everyonecouldbev/cllinformed.Inthefuture,the

informationsuperhighwaywillhavebothfastandslowlanes.

21StewardBrand'stwomaximsarequotedtoshowthat.

A^digitalnewsnowadayscostlessthanprintednews

B、thecurrentnewspricedoesn'tconformtoitsvalue

C^theworthofonlineinformationhasbeenenhancedgreatly

D^thechargeofonlinenewshasexperiencedgreatchanges

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到第一段。该段指出，多年来，数字新闻一直符合

StewartBrand1984年预言：新闻需要免费，因为获取新闻的成本变得越来越低；而

现在，情况却依赖于他的另一条格言：信息需要高收费，因为它价值连城。显而易

见，这两句格言展现了今昔对比，数字新闻由免费变为高收费，由此引出关于“网

络新闻收费''的讨论。［D］选项符合文意。

22、Onwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragree,accordingtoParagraphs2and3?

A^Newsmediaoughttomakenewsfreelyaccessible.

B、Newspapersshouldlowertheirsubscriptionprices.

C、Chargingonlinenewshaslittleimpactontheavailabilityofnews.

D、Onlinecontentshouldbetreatedaspatentableitems.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段中作者指出，即使网络新闻收费，也不会改变“人们比互联网

出现前可获得的信息多很多”这一事实；新闻不能申请专利，一经披露，就会在

Twitter.Facebook等社交网站上迅速传播，并被其他网站转载。由此可见，网络

新闻收费后，新闻依然很容易获得。故［C］为正确项。

23、Thetrendofsettinguppaywallsismainlydrivenbythefactthat.

A、trafficgrowthisslowingdown

B、onlineadvertisingpricesaredropping

C、advertisingisshiftingfromprinttoonline

D、thenumberofwealthyreadersisincreasing

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：根据题干关键词定位到第四段。本段存在这样一个逻辑关系链条（果

一因）：美国顶尖网络报纸设置“支付墙''一网络新闻媒体无法依靠广告盈利一网络

新闻媒体广告收入下降一网络广告价格下降（一广告版面扩大）。由此可见，设置

“支付墙”是由于广告价格下降引起的收入下降，［B］选项正确。

24>Apossibleeffectofnewssubscriptionisthat.

A、paidnewswillbiastowardstherich

B、paidnewswillbeofhigherquality

C、freenewswilllosetheirmarketshare

D、freenewswillbeimprovedintheirtaste

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第五段指出，网络新闻转变为付费订阅可提高编辑水平；因为免费新

闻网站需要提高访问量以便拉广告，这使它们具有走向“低端市场''的动机，靠八卦

新闻博人眼球，而依靠付费订阅来盈利的网站，则与之相反。可见，付费订阅有可

能提高新闻质量，［B］选项正确。

25、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsonlinenewschargingcanbebestdescribedas.

A^enthusiasticallyfavorable

B、basicallysupportive

C、profoundlyworried

D、deeplyregretful

标准答案：B

知识点解析：在本文中作者首先提出了“网络新闻收费''这一现象，然后批驳该现象

反对者的观点，接着分析该现象产生的原因，继而指出人们的某些担忧并无必要，

并说明它的积极作用，最后补充指出它也有弊端。可见，作者总体上对“网络新闻

收费''是赞同的，认为其无可厚非，利大于弊。［B］选项符合文意。

Paintingyourhouseislikeaddingsomethingtoahugecommunalpictureinwhichthe

restofthepaintingisdoneeitherbynatureorbyotherpeople.Thepictureisnotstatic;it

changesaswemoveabout,withthetimeofday,withtheseasons,withnewpainting,

newbuildingsandwithalterationsiooldones.Anyindividualhouseisjusiafragmentof

thispicture,neverthelessithasthepowertomakeormarktheoverallscene.Inthepast

peopleusedtheircreativetalentsinpaintingtheirhomeswithgreatimaginationandin

variedbutalwayssubtlyblendingcolors.Thelastvestigesofthisgreattraditioncanstill

beseeninthetownsoftheextremewestofIreland.Ithasneverbeenrecognizedasanart

form,partly,becauseofthephysicaldifficultyofhangingastreetinagalleryandpartly

becauseit'salwayschanging,aspaintfadesandisrenewed.Alsoitisacommunalart

whichcannotbeidentifiedwithanyoneperson,exceptinthosemanycaseswheregreat

artistsofthepastfoundinspirationinordinarystreetscenesandrecordedtheminpaint.

Followingtheprinciplesofdecorationthatweresosuccessfulinthepast,youshouldfirst

takealonglookatthehouseanditssurroundingsandconsiderpossiblelimitations.The

firstconcernstheamountofcolorandintensityinthedaylightinBritain.Colorsthatlook

perfectlyinkeepingwiththesunny,clearskiesoftheMediterraneanwouldlooktoo

harshinthegrayerlightofthenorth.Sincebrightlightisuncomfortablefortheeyes,

colorsmustbestronginordertobeseenclearly.Viewedinadimmerlighttheyappear

toobright.Itiseasytoseethisifyoulookatabrickhousewhilethesunisalternately

shiningandthengoingbehindacloud.Thebrickworkcolorslookmuchmoreintense

whenthesunishidden.Thesecondlimitationisthecolorsofthesurroundings:thecolors

whichgobestwithCotswoldstoneandarollinggreencountrysidewillbedifferentfrom

thosethatlookbestbytheseaorinared-brick/blue-slateindustrialtown.Ineveryarea

therearealwayscolorsthatatoncelookinkeeping.Inmanyareastherearedistinctive

traditionsintheuseofcolorthatmaybeausefulguide.TheeasterncountiesofEngland

andScotland,particularlythosewithalocaltraditionofrenderingorplastering,use

colorsappliedsolidlyoverthewall.Usuallyonlythewindowframesanddoorsare

pickedoutinanothercolor,oftenwhiteorpalegray.Typicalwallcolorsarethepink

associatedwithSuffolkandpalebuffsandyellowsofFife.Muchstrongercolorssuchas

deepearthred,orange,blueandgreenarealsocommon.InthecoastalvillagesofEssex,

aswellasinlandinHertfordshire,thehouse-frontsofoverlappingboardsaretraditionally

paintedblack-originallytarredlikeships—withwindowsanddoorsoutlinedinwhite.

InstoneareasofYorkshireandfarthernorth,colorisrarer:thehousesareusuallyleftin

theirnaturalcolor,thoughmanyarepaintedwhiteastheyprobablyallwereonce.

26Accordingtothepassagewhenputtingpaintontheoutsideofyourhouse,you

shouldbecareful.

A^nottoletotherpeopleinterfere

B、tousepaintthatwillwithstandbothwinterandsummerconditions

C、totakeintoaccountthegeneralappearanceofthearea

D^toallowforslightfadingofthecolors

标准答案：C

知识点.析：本题为推理题。短文的第一段说，粉刷你的房子正如给一幅巨大的社

会图画添加你自身的一笔，而该图画的其他部分则由大自然或其他人完成。任何单

个建筑都只是这幅画的一部分。然而它却会影响整幅画面。其他三项与原文内容不

完全相符。

27、Thereasonthepaintingofthehousehasnotbeenlookedonasanartformseemsto

be.

A、thepublic'sinabilitytoappreciatetherangeofcolorsinvolved

B、thefailureofartgalleriestoconvincethecritics

C>theimpossibilityofdisplayingittothegallcry-goingpublic

D、atendencytoputcommunalartinalessseriouscategory

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为细节题。问房屋粉刷未被视为一种艺术形式其原因似乎是什

么。第一段说，它从未被视为一种艺术形式，部分原因是在画廊中展示一条街的实

际困难，部分原因是它处于不断的褪色和更新之中。其他选项明显和短文信息不

符。

28、Whichofthefollowingmaybeobservedwhenlookingatthebrickworkofahouse?

A^Sunshinecausesitscolortoseemsoothing.

Thenaturalcolorisemphasizedwhenthesungoesin.

C^Thebricksappeartobebrighterincolorinsunlight.

D^Paintedbricksareveryintenseincoloring.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为细节题。问观察房屋的砖体外墙时会注意到什么。短文第二段

的最后三句说，在较暗的光线下它们的颜色显得很亮。当太阳在云层时隐时现时观

察砖体房屋就很容易注意到这一点。当太阳被云层遮住时，砖体的颜色显得极为刺

眼。其他选项文中均未提及，或与短文内容相矛盾。

29、Thewriterseemstothinkthattoagreatextentyourchoiceofcolorwillbe

determinedby.

A、thecharacteristiclocalcolors

aneedtomakeyourhouselOokanistic

C>thelimitednumberofcolorsavailablelocally

D、yourdesiretomakeyourhouselookdifferent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为推理题。问作者似乎认为从很大程度上来说，你对颜色的选择

是由什么决定的。短文最后一段第一句说，在许多地方，在选择颜色方面，有各自

独特的传统，这也许可作为有用的参考。

30、Whyareweather-boardedhousespaintedwhiteaccordingtothepassage?

AxTacontrastwiththecoloredwindow-framesanddoors.

Asabreakwiththetraditionalcoloring.

C、Becausethisisthetradition.

D、Tocovertheoriginaltarredsurface.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：本题为细节题。问为什么装有檐板的房层通常被刷成白色，根据短文

最后一段信息可知正确答案，其他选项明显和短文信息不符。

Ifthereisonethingscientistshavetohear,itisthatthegameisover.Raisedonthebelief

ofanendlessvoyageofdiscovery,theyrecoilfromthesuggestionthatmostofthebest

thingshavealreadybeenlocated.Iftheyhave,today'sscientistscanhopetocontributeno

morethanafewgracenoiestothesymphonyofscience.Abooktobepublishedin

Britainthisweek,TheEndofScience,arguespersuasivelythatthisisthecase.Itsauthor,

JohnHorgan,isaseniorwriterforScientificAmericanmagazine,whohasinterviewed

manyoftoday'sleadingscientistsandsciencephilosophers.Theshockofrealizingthat

sciencemightbeovercametohim,hesays,whenhewastalkingtoOxford

mathematicianandphysicistSirRogerPenrose.TheEndofScienceprovokedawaveof

denunciationintheUnitedStateslastyear."Thereactionhasbeenoneofcompleteshock

anddisbelief,"Mr.Horgansays.Therealquestioniswhetheranyremainingunsolved

problems,ofwhichthereareplenty,lendthemselvestouniversalsolutions.Iftheydo

not,thenthefocusofscientificdiscoveryisalreadynarrowing.Sincethetriumphsofthe

1960s-thegeneticcode,platetectonics,andthemicrowavebackgroundradiationthat

wentalongwaytowardsprovingtheBigBang—genuinescientificrevolutionshavebeen

scarce.Morescientistsarenowalive,spendingmoremoneyonresearch,thatever.Yet

mostofthegreatdiscoveriesofthe19thand20thcenturiesweremadebeforethe

appearanceofstatesponsorship,whenthescientificenterprisewasafractionofits

presentsize.Werethescientistswhomadethesediscoveriesbrighterthantoday's?That

seemsunlikely.Afarmorereasonableexplanationisthatfundamentalsciencehas

alreadyenteredaperiodofdiminishedreturns."Look,don'tgetmewrong,"saysMr

Horgan."Therearelotsofimportantthingsstilltostudy,andappliedscienceand

engineeringcangoonforever.Ihopewegetacureforcancer,andformentaldisease,

thoughtherearefewrealsignsofprogress."

31Thesentence"mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenlocated"could

mean.

A、mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenchanged

B、mostofthebestthingsremaintobechanged

C、therehaveneverbeensomanybestthingswaitingtobediscovered

D、mostsecretsoftheworldhavealreadybeendiscovered

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“世界上大部分秘密已经被揭开正如文章第一段所示，科学家最不

愿听到的是游戏已经结束。由于他们一直相信科学的发现是一场无尽头的旅程，他

们很难接受下列这种说法，即最好的东西大都已经被找到，也就是说最伟大的发现

大都已经完成。如果它们真的被找到了，那么，今天的科学家充其量也就是在科学

的交响乐上再加上几个装饰音符而已了。言外之意，今天的科学家不会再有什么伟

大发现了，至多会给前人的发现起到一点补充的作用。

32、JohnHorgan.I.haspublishedabookentitledTheEndofScienceII.has

beenworkingasaneditorofScientificAmericanHI.hasbeenworkingmanyyearsasa

literarycriticIV.isworkingasasciencewriter

A、IandU

B、I

C、IandIV

D、I,IIandIV

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文章的第一段我们可以得知，JohnHorgan即是TheEndofScience

一书的作者，又是ScientificAmerican杂志的资深撰稿人。

33、Therehavenotbeenmanygenuinescientificrevolutionsinthepastfewdecades

because.

A、therehavebeendecreasedreturnsintheresearchoffundamentalscience

B、therearetoomanyimportantthingsforscientiststostudy

C>appliedscienceandengineeringtakeuptoomuchtimeandenergy

D、today'sscientistsarenotasintelligentasthoseinthepast

标准答案：A

知识点解析：”在基础科学研究上，所取得的收益已减少”。文章的最后一段中的第

三句对此作出了明确的解答。

34、ThetermMtheBigBang”probablyrefersto.

A^thegeneticcodetheory

B>ageologicaltheory

C>atheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse

D^theoriginandthepowerofatomicenergy

标准答案：C

知识点解析：“有关宇宙起源的理论用“BigBang”来解释宇宙起源的理论。然而

对C项的选择，原文对此表示并不明朗。

35、Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe.

A、GreatScientificDiscoveriesWillNeverBePossible

B>IhcHarshChallengeHastoBeMetbyModernScientists

C、TheStateSponsorshipandScientificEnterpriseAreAllinVain

D、TheChanceforGreatScientificDiscoveriesBecomesScarce

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“进行伟大科学发现的机会减少文章的第一段表达了这一观点，最

后一段对产生这种现象的原因做出解释。

Itistheworld'sfourth-most-importantfoodcrop,aftermaize,wheatandrice.Itprovides

morecalories,morequickly,usinglesslandandinawiderrangeofclimatesthanany

Otherplant.Itis,ofCourse,thepotato.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008the

InternationalYearofthePotato.Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsofpotatoes

willcontributetotheachievementofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,byhelpingto

alleviatepoverty,improvefoodsecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.Itisalways

theinternationalyearofthisormonthofthat.Butthepotato'sunusualhistorymeansitis

wellworthcelebratingbyreadersofTheEconomistbecausethepotatoisintertwined

witheconomicdevelopment,tradeliberalisationandglobalisation.Unlikelythoughit

seems,thepotatopromotedeconomicdevelopmentbyunderpinningtheindustrial

revolutioninEnglandinthe19thcentury.Itprovidedacheapsourceofcaloriesandwas

easytocultivate,soitliberatedworkersfromtheland.Potatoesbecamepopularinthe

northofEngland,aspeopletherespecialisedinlivestockfarminganddomesticindustry,

whilefarmersinthesouth(wherethesoilwasmoresuitable)concentratedonwheat

production.Byahappyaccident,thisconcentratedindustrialactivityintheregionswhere

coalwasreadilyavailable,andapotato-drivenpopulationboomprovidedampleworkers

forthenewfactories.FriedrichEngelsevendeclaredthatthepotatowastheequalofiron

forits"historicallyrevolutionaryrole".Thepotatopromotedfreetradebycontributingto

theabolitionofBritain'sCornLaws-thecausewhichpromptedthefoundingofThe

Economistin1843.TheCornLawsrestrictedimportsofgrainintotheUnitedKingdom

inordertoprotectdomesticwheatproducers.Landownerssupportedthelaws,since

cheapimportedgrainwouldreducetheirincome,butindustrialistsopposedthembecause

importswoulddrivedownthecostoffood,allowingpeopletospendmoreon

manufacturedgoods.Ultimatelyitwasnottheeloquenceoftheargumentsagainstthe

CornLawsthatledtotheirabolition-andmore'sthepity.ItwasthetragedyoftheIrish

potatofamineof1845,inwhichImillionIrishperishedwhenthepotatocroponwhich

theysubsistedsuccumbedtoblight.Theneedtoimportgraintorelievethesituationin

Irelandforcedthegovernment,whichwasdominatedbylandownerswhobackedthe

CornLaws,toreverseitsposition.Thispavedthewayforliberalisationinotherareas,

andfreetradebecameBritishpolicy.AstheDukeofWellingtoncomplainedatthetime,

"rottenpotatoeshavedoneitall."IntheformofFrenchfries,servedalongsideburgers

andCoca-Cola,potatoesarenowaniconofglobalisation.Thisisquiteaturnaround

giventhescepticismwhichfirstgreetedthemontheirarrivalintheOldWorldinthe16th

century.Spudswerevariouslythoughttocauseleprosy,tobefitonlyforanimals,tobe

associatedwiththedevilortobepoisonous.Theytookholdin18thcenturyEuropeonly

whenwarandfaminemeanttherewasnothingelsetoeat;peoplethenrealisedjusthow

versatileandreliabletheywere.AsAdamSmith,oneofthepotato'smanyadmirers,

observedatthetime,"Theverygeneralusewhichismadeofpotatoesinthesekingdoms

asfoodformanisaconvincingproofthattheprejudicesofanation,withregardtodiet,

howeverdeeplyrooted,arebynomeansunconquerable."Mashed,fried,boiledand

roast,ahumbletuberchangedtheworld,andfree-tradingglobaliserseverywhereshould

celebrateit.

36、Accordingtothetext,whatarcthefeaturesofpotatoes?

A、Lowerprice,quickergrowingspeed,lesslandrequired,andwiderrangeofclimate.

B、Morecalories,quickergrowingspeed,lesslaborrequiredingrowingandprocessing,

andwiderrangeofclimate.

C、Morecalories,quickergrowingspeed,lesslandrequired,andwiderrangeofclimate.

D^Morecalories,quickergrowingspeed,lesslandrequired,andwiderrangeof

productstobemadeof.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题需要卬细阅读第一段第二句"Ilprovidesmorecalories,more

quickly,usinglesslandandinawiderrangeofclimatesthananyotherplant”这便说的

是马铃薯的特点。那么结合选项，A项的lowerprice文中没有提及，B项的less

laborinprocessing未有提及,D项中的widerrangeofproductstobemadeof也未有

提及，故选C。

37、Whatistheultimatepurposeofestablishing2008theInternationalYearofthe

Potato?

A、Promotethesalesvolumeofpotatoesallovertheglobe.

B、Helpthefarmersthatgrowpotatoesbutarestillinpoverty.

C、Promoteagreaterawarenessofthemeritsofpotatoesamongthepublic.

D^Alleviatepoverty,improvefoodsecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：求解本题需要找到“Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsof

potatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,by

helpingtoalleviatepoverty,improvefoodsecurityandpromoteeconomic

development"。这一句有三层应思，一是让人们增进对马铃薯优点的了解，二是有

助于减少贫困、提高食品安全性以及促进经济的发展，三是实现联合国的下年发展

目标。第一层是活动本身的目的，第二层是手段，第三层是最终目标。而A、B项

在文中都未有提及，故结合问题，D项最为合适。

38、FriedrichEngelsdeclaredthatthepotatowastheequalofironforits"historically

revolutionaryrole",thenaccordingtothetext,whatdoesthis"historicallyrevolutionary

role"referto?

A>Itshighvolumeofproduction,andconsequentlylowerprice,greatlysupportedthe

workersinthefactoriesthen.

B、Itliberatedworkersfromtheland,thusprovidinglabourforcefortheindustry.

C^ItchangedtheagriculturestructureofEngland,whichultimatelyresultedinashift

fromanagriculturalcountrytoanindustrialone.

D、Itcanprovidemorecalories,thussavinglandforcottongrowing,andconsequently

boostingthetextileindustry.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：A项说马铃薯产量高，价格便宜，有力支持了工厂的工人，但文中并

未有此表述，故不选。B项说使人们脱离了田地间的劳作，从而为工业提供了劳动

力.这在第三段中可以找到对应的表述，故选。C项说改变了英国的农业结构，文

中也没有表述。D项说提供更多的热量是正确的，但是提供更多的土地供棉花种植

却并不正确。

39、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutBritain'sCom

Laws?

A、TheselawswereultimatelyabolishedafterafierceargumentintheParliament.

B、Landownerssupportedthelawsbecausedomesticproductsweremoreexpensive,

andthentheycouldgainmore.

C、Industrialistsopposedthelawsbecausecheapimportedgrainswouldhelpthem

developthemarket.

D^Irishpotatofamineof1845directly