人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结

亲爱的同学们，欢迎进入高中英语的学习旅程。必修一是我们高中英语学习的起点，也是打好英语基础的关键。这份总结旨在帮助大家系统梳理本学期所学的核心知识点与语法内容，希望能为大家的学习提供有力的支持。请记住，语言学习在于积累和运用，希望这份资料能成为你们日常复习和巩固的好帮手。一、知识点梳理（一）话题与核心词汇(TopicsandCoreVocabulary)本册教材围绕多个贴近学生生活和学习的话题展开，每个话题都伴随着一系列核心词汇，这些词汇是理解和表达的基础。1.Friendship(友谊)*核心动词:add,ignore,concern,calm,share,trust,suffer,recover,pack,dislike,forgive*核心形容词/副词:upset,calm,concerned,lonely,nervous,loose,golden,entirely,powerfully*短语:addup,calmdown,beconcernedabout,havegotto,walkthedog,gothrough,setdown,aseriesof,onpurpose,inorderto,facetoface,nolonger/not...anylonger,sufferfrom,get/betiredof,pack(sth.)up,getalongwith,fallinlove,joinin2.EnglishAroundtheWorld(英语遍及世界)*核心名词:English,world,language,native,speaker,part,international,organization,vocabulary,spelling,accent*核心形容词/副词:native,official,international,latter,former,different,standard,similar3.TravelJournal(旅行日记)*核心动词:transport,prefer,disadvantage,flow,persuade,cycle,graduate,finally,schedule,organize,determine,bend,boil,forecast*核心形容词/副词:preferential,disadvantageous,fare,stubborn,determined,familiar,reliable,proper,wonderful,separate*短语:eversince,befondof,careabout,changeone'smind,makeupone'smind,givein,asusual,atmidnight4.Earthquakes(地震)*核心名词:earthquake,quake,event,disaster,ruin,destruction,death,injury,survivor,village,town,city,brick,dam,track,shelter,reporter,damage*核心动词:shake,rise,crack,burst,ruin,injure,destroy,shock,rescue,organize,bury,dig,honor*核心形容词/副词:sudden,severe,strong,ruined,destroyed,shocked,homeless,trapped,frightened,extreme*短语:rightaway,asif,atanend,inruins,digout,a(great)numberof,thinklittleof,beproudof,expressone'sthanksto,withoutwarning5.NelsonMandela–aModernHero(纳尔逊·曼德拉——一位当代英雄)*核心名词:hero,quality,mean,kindness,cruelty,reward,violence,equal,right,law,prison,sentence,opinion,president,fight*核心动词:devote,found,vote,attack,escape,educate,blow,judge,accept,reward（二）重点句型与表达(KeySentencePatternsandExpressions)掌握这些句型有助于提升语言组织能力和表达的丰富性。1.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分(强调句)**ItwasintheparkthatImetmyoldfriendyesterday.***ItisTomwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.*2.Therebe句型(表示存在)**Thereisatalltreeinfrontofourclassroom.***Therearemanystudentsplayingontheplayground.*3.so/such...that...(如此...以至于...)**Heissocleverthathecansolvetheproblemeasily.*(so+adj./adv.)**Sheissuchakindgirlthateveryonelikesher.*(such+a/an+adj.+n.)**Theyhavesuchinterestingbooksthatweallwanttoreadthem.*(such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词)4.with的复合结构(表示伴随、方式等)**Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.***Shecameinwithabookinherhand.***Withthehelpofmyteacher,Ihavemadegreatprogress.*5.while引导的时间状语从句(当...时候，强调对比)**WhileIwasreading,mybrotherwaswatchingTV.***Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothersdon'thaveenough.*6.before,when引导的时间状语从句**Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymothercameback.***WhenIgottoschool,thebellwasringing.*7.as引导的方式状语从句(按照，正如)**DoasItoldyou.***Asweallknow,Englishisveryimportant.*8.情态动词can/could,may/might,must,should的基本用法**CanyouspeakEnglish?*(能力)**Youmustobeythetrafficrules.*(义务、命令)**Youshouldstudyhard.*(建议)1.GreetingsandIntroductions(问候与介绍)**Howareyougettingalong?***I'mgladtomeetyou.***Thisismyfriend,LiMing.*2.ExpressingGratitudeandApologies(表达感谢与道歉)**Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.***I'msorryforbeinglate.***It'smypleasure.*/*That'sallright.*3.MakingSuggestionsandGivingAdvice(提出建议与给出忠告)**Whynotgooutforawalk?***You'dbetterstudyharder.***Whataboutseeingamovie?*4.ExpressingLikesandDislikes(表达喜欢与不喜欢)**IlikeEnglishverymuch.***Ipreferteatocoffee.***Idon'tcareforspicyfood.*5.TalkingaboutPastExperiences(谈论过去经历)**IwenttoBeijinglastsummer.***Didyouhaveagoodtime?***Whatdidyoudothere?*二、语法总结(GrammarSummary)语法是语言的骨架，掌握基础语法规则是正确理解和运用英语的前提。（一）时态(Tenses)1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)*构成:主语+动词原形(第三人称单数作主语时，动词后加-s/-es)*用法:*表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。**Igetupatsixeverymorning.***Shelikesmusic.**表示客观真理、科学事实。**Theearthgoesaroundthesun.**在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作。2.一般过去时(SimplePastTense)*构成:主语+动词的过去式*用法:*表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。**Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweekend.***Shewasbornin2005.**表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。**Heoftenplayedfootballwhenhewasyoung.*3.一般将来时(SimpleFutureTense)*构成:*will/shall+动词原形(shall用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称)*begoingto+动词原形*用法:*表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。**Heisgoingtobuyanewbike.**表示根据计划或安排要发生的事情。**Themeetingwillbeginat9o'clock.**表示根据迹象预示将要发生某事(begoingto)。4.现在进行时(PresentContinuousTense)*构成:am/is/are+动词的现在分词(-ing形式)*用法:*表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。**Theyareplayingbasketballnow.**表示现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。**Iamreadinganovelthesedays.***HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.*（二）名词(Nouns)1.可数名词(CountableNouns)与不可数名词(UncountableNouns)*可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。**book–books,water(不可数),information(不可数)**可数名词前可用a/an,many,few,afew,some,any,several等修饰；不可数名词前可用much,little,alittle,some,any等修饰。*不可数名词表示数量时，需用量词短语。**acupoftea,twopiecesofpaper*2.名词所有格(PossessiveCaseofNouns)*单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加's。**Tom'sbook,Children'sDay**以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾只加'。**theteachers'office,thestudents'playground**表示无生命事物的所有格，通常用of短语。**thedooroftheroom,thenameoftheschool*（三）冠词(Articles)1.不定冠词a/an*a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前。*表示泛指某一类人或事物中的一个。**Ihaveabook.It'saninterestingbook.**表示“一”这个数量，但不如one强调。**Ineedapen.**用于某些固定搭配中。**alotof,havearest*2.定冠词the*表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。**Thebookonthedeskismine.**表示双方都知道的人或事物。**Openthedoor,please.**用在世界上独一无二的事物前。**thesun,themoon,theearth**用在序数词、形容词最高级前。**thefirstlesson,thetallestboy**用在乐器名称前。**playthepiano,playtheviolin**用在姓氏复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。**theSmiths**用在某些形容词前，表示一类人。**therich,thepoor,theold*3.零冠词(NoArticle)*复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时。**Booksareourgoodfriends.Waterisimportant.**在三餐、球类运动、学科名称前。**havebreakfast,playbasketball,learnEnglish**在节日、星期、月份、季节前。**NationalDay,onMonday,inJanuary,inspring*(但如果特指某一年的季节，可用the:inthespringof2020)*在称呼语、头衔前。**Mr.Wang,PresidentXi*（四）代词(Pronouns)1.人称代词(PersonalPronouns)*主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them**Sheisastudent.Ilikeher.*2.物主代词(PossessivePronouns)*形容词性物主代词:my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(后接名词)*名词性物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(后不接名词)**Thisismybook.Thatisyours.*3.指示代词(DemonstrativePronouns)*this,that,these,those**Thisisapen.Thosearebooks.*4.不定代词(IndefinitePronouns)*some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,afew,alittle,each,every,both,all,either,neither,other,another,one**Somelikesinging,otherslike