考研英语模拟试卷154

考研英语模拟试卷154

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Softmoneyisthehuge,unlimitedcontributionsfromcorporations,laborunionand

wealthyindividualsthatpoliticalpartiesraiseandspendoncampaignattackadsand

other(1)designedtoinfluenceelections.Thesoftmoneysystemundermines

campaignfinancelaws(2)limitcontributionsand(3)thesourcesoffunds

thatcanbespentonfederalcampaigns.Itprovidescorporations,laborunions,and

wealthyindividualsawaytocircumventfederalelectionlawsand(4)campaigns

withtensofmillionsofspecialinterestdollars,(5)corporationsandunionshave

been(6)fromcontributingorspendingtheirtreasuryfindstoinfluencefederal

electionssince1907and1947,(7).Individualscancontributetofederal⑻

throughpartiesandcandidates,butonlyin(9)amounts.TheDemocraticand

Republicanparties(10)$262millionin(11)moneyforthe1996elections.

Thepartiesraisesoftmoneyunderthe(12)thatitwillbeusedfbrgeneralparty

buildingactivities.(13),softmoneypaysforcampaignadsinthewayasissue

discussion,politicalresearch,polling,fundraising,andgetoutthe-voteeffortsallof

whichaffect(he(14)offederalelections.Softmoneywas(hesourceofthe1996

politicalfund-raisingscandals,(15)thesellingoftheLincolnbedroom,While

Housecoffeesandtheinfluxofforeignmoneyintothe(16)campaign.The

McCain-Feingoldbill(17)thesoftmoneysystembyprohibitingcandidatesand

nationalpoliticalpartiesfromraisingsoftmoney,andbyprohibitingstatepoliticalparties

from(18)softmoneyonactivitieswhichaffectfederalelections.Inother

(19),thccurrentpracticeofraisingunlimitedsoftmoneycontributionsfrom

corporations,unionsandwealthyindividuals,andthenchannelingthismoneyinto

federalelectionswouldend.Thenationalpartieswouldbe(20)toraisealloftheir

fundsunderthelimitsandrestrictionsinthelaw.

1、Softmoneyisthehuge,unlimitedcontributionsfromcorporations,laborunionand

wealthyindividualsthatpoliticalpaniesraiseandspendoncampaignattackadsand

other(1)designedtoinfluenceelections.Thesoftmoneysystemundermines

campaignfinancelaws(2)limitcontributionsand(3)thesourcesoffunds

thatcanbespentonfederalcampaigns.Itprovidescorporations,laborunions,and

wealthyindividualsawaytocircumventfederalelectionlawsand(4)campaigns

withtensofmillionsofspecialinterestdollars,(5)corporationsandunionshave

been(6)fromcontributingorspendingtheirtreasuryfindstoinfluencefederal

electionssince1907and1947,(7).Individualscancontributetofederal⑻

throughparliesandcandidates,bu(onlyin(9)amounts.TheDemocraticand

Republicanparties(10)$262millionin(11)moneyfor(he1996elections.

Thepartiesraisesoftmoneyunder(he(12)thatitwillbeusedfbrgeneralparty

buildingactivities.(13),softmoneypaysforcampaignadsinthewayasissue

discussion,politicalresearch,polling,fundraising,andgetoutthe-voteeffortsallof

whichaffectthe(14)offederalelections.Softmoneywasthesourceofihe1996

politicalfund-raisingscandals,(15)thesellingoftheLincolnbedroom.White

Housecoffeesandtheinfluxofforeignmoneyintothe(16)campaign.The

McCain-Fcingoldbill(17)thesoftmoneysystembyprohibitingcandidatesand

nationalpoliticalpartiesfromraisingsoftmoney,andbyprohibitingstatepoliticalparties

from(18)softmoneyonactivitieswhichaffectfederalelections.Inother

(19),thecurrentpracticeofraisingunlimitedsoftmoneycontributionsfrom

corporations,unionsandwealthyindividuals,andthenchannelingthismoneyinto

federalelectionswouldend.Thenationalpartieswouldbe(20)toraiseallofiheir

fundsunderthelimitsandrestrictionsinthelaw.

A、activities

B、affairs

C、events

D、accidents

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的考点为名词近义词的词义辨析。此处要填入上文中campaign”

宣传活动”的同义词，所以只有activities"活动”可作它的同义词。affairs"公共事务

"»events"事件"，accidents"事故"都不能包括campaign之意。

2、

A、what

B、that

C、and

D、it

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的考点为定语从句中指代词的用法辨析。此句是一个定语从句，

先行词是laws,空格处缺少的是一个指代词，因此that符合文意。其余各项都不

符合句中的语法结构。

3、

A、bind

R、confine

C、reduce

D、restrict

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的考点为动词词义的辨析。根据上下义的意思，这里要表达的是

”限制资金的来源”。因此，restrict”限制,约束”符合文意＜hind”束缚”,主要指法

律上的约束和限制；confine“限制”，主要指空间上的限制；reduce“减少”。因此这

三项都不符合题意。

4、

A、load

B、feed

C>flood

D、stuff

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的考点为与with搭配的动词词义及用法辨析。load”装载”，

load...with”用…装”;feed“喂”,feedsbwith”用…喂某人”;flood”充满”,

flood...with”给...大量的某物”;sur「把...塞满”,stuff...wiih”塞满由此可知,

只有flood含有“提供”之意，与上下文意思相符。

5、

A、eventhough

B、evenso

C、evennow

D、evenas

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的考点为even引导的短语用法辨析。本句与前文形成让步关

系，因此应选eventhough唧使evenso"尽管如此"不引导从句,evennow"即使

到这时"，evenas”正当，恰恰”不能与上文形成让步关系。因此这三项都不正确。

6、

A、isolated

B、forbidden

C、released

D、banned

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的考点为动词词义的辨析。通过下文可知，此种行为是被禁止

的,因此应选banned”禁止7isolated“隔离"，forbidden"禁止”（不与from连用），

released”释放”均不合题意。

7、

A^respectively

B、together

C、totally

D、regularly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的考点为对上下文的理解和副词的辨析。从上文可知企业和工会

分别从1907年和1947年开始被禁止涉入总统选举。由此可知，应选respectively”

分别地，各自地，ioge【her”一起"，lolally”总共"，regularly”有规律地”都与文意不

符。

8、

A、institutions

B、campaigns

C、bureaus

D^unions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的考点为对上下文的理解和名词的词义辨析。这里的空格处需填

一个与上文的选举有关的名词，因此campaigns”政治宣传活动”符合文意。

instilulions"机构",bureaus"政府机关"，unions"联盟"都与文意不符。

9、

A、considerable

B、limitless

C^limited

D、considerate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的考点为形容词的词义辨析。空格前面的but引起意思的转折，

与上文”个人可出钱支持政治宣传”形成对比，因此应选limited”有限的”。

considerable"大量的",limitless"无限的",considerate”考虑周到的"都不符合文意。

10、

A、rise

B、arise

C>arouse

D、raise

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的考点为形近动词的词义辨析。这里的空格处需能与后面的金钱

相连用，表达出“筹措…（数额）的钱”的意思。因此，raise”筹集，募集”符合文意。

rise"升起"，arise"出现",arouse"唤起"都不符合文意。

11、

A、cash

B、soft

C、easy

D、ready

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的考点为对上下文内容的理解和名词词组的辨析。cash“现金”，

softmoney"竞选基金"，easymoney"轻松赚来的钱"，readymoney"现金"。由此可

知，只有soft与本文的内容有关，所以为正确选项。

12、

A^guideline

B、protection

C、guise

D、help

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的考点为与under搭配的名词词义及用法辨析。空格前提到“政

党筹集竞选基金”，后面提到”它（基金）将用于一般的政党建设活动”，由此可知前后

两种活动不一致，所以guise"伪装"，undertheguise”伪装成"，符合文意。

guideline”指导方针"，undertheguideline"在指导方针下"；protection"保护"，under

theproteclion"在保护下";help"帮助",underthehelp"在帮助下"。因此这三项都不

符合文意。

13、

A、Inresponse

B、Inreality

C、Inparticular

D、Inaddition

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的考点为副词词组的词义辨析空格处所表达的意思要与上文的

”伪装成”形成对比。由此可知应选Inrealily”实际上“。Inresponse”作为回应”，In

particular"尤其是"，Inaddition"另外"均不高合语境。

14、

A、outcomes

B、processes

C、broadcasts

D^candidates

标准答案：A

知识2解析：本题的考点为对文章内容的理解和名词的词义辨析。破折号之前提到

的问题讨论、政治研究、投票、募集资金等活动都发生在选举活动的过程中，从而

会对选举的结果产生影响，所以outcomes”结果”符合文意。processes”过程”，

broadcasts"广播节目",candidates"候选人"都与文意不符。

15、

A、concerning

B、excluding

C、providing

D^including

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的考点为介词的用法辨析。空格之前提到的是1996年政治募集

资金丑闻，之后提到的是丑闻的具体内容，因此二者之间应为包含关系，所以

including"包括"符合文意。concerning"关于"，excluding"不包括",providing"假如"

都不能表示文中的关系。

16、

A、presidential

B、local

C、advertising

D、national

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的考点为对上下文内容的理解和形容词的词义辨析。根据全文大

意,此处应选presidential”总统的“。local”当地的"，adveilising”广告的"，national"

国家的，民族的”都不符合句意。

17、

A、supports

B、ends

C、debates

D、illustrates

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的考点为对文章内容的理解和动词的词义辨析。由空格后的两个

by短语可知，该法案禁止了竞选基金体系的一切活动，从而使其存在终止，所以

ends"结束，终止"符合文意,supports"支撑"，debates"辩论"，illustraies"阐述"都与

文意不符。

18、

A、spending

B、drawing

C、collecting

D^planning

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的考点为对上文的理解和动词的词义及用法辨析。结合上文的内

容可知这里表达的意思是“禁止国家政党将竞选基金花在影响联邦选举的活动上”，

所以spending"花（钱等）"符合文意，spend…on..."把…花费在上”,drawing"提取

",draw...from…”从…中提取…”;collecting"筹集"，collect...from...”从...中筹

集…”；planning”计划，因此这三项都不符合文意。

19、

A、ways

B、senses

C、words

D、respects

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的考点为固定搭配中名词的用法辨析。本句是对上文的解释说

明，所以words,inotherwords"换言之"，符合题意。ways,in...ways"用…方式";

senses,in...senses”从…意义上讲";respects»in...respects"从...方面“。因此这三项

都不符合句意。

20、

A^required

B、forbidden

C、allowed

D、financed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的考点为动词的同性及用法辨析。这句话的意思是说“国家政党

将被在法律的限制和约束下筹集其所有的资金”，结合上文的内容可知，联

邦政府是要求政党这样做，所以required”要求“，berequiredtodo”被要求做…”，

符合文意。forbidden"禁止",beforbiddentodo"被禁止做..."，与文意相反,

allowed”允许”,beallowedlodo”被允许做语气太轻；financed”资助”,be

financedtodo”被资助去做...”，也与文意相反。因此这三项都不正确.

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共2。题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesity,thehighincidence

ofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchas

Ritalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"their

responsibilities."Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthe

bottomendofthesocialspectrum,butlatchkeychildrenarcmorecommonamongthe

affluent,"saidEberstadt,amotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearch

fellowatStanfordUniversity'sHooverInstitution.Accordingtothemostrecentfigures

fromtheUSCensusBureau,41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafter

(hemselvesattheendof(heschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildren

aged5to14,"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpoverty(o22%ofthosewith

familyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline."Eberstadt'sbookisdividingsociologists,

criticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-hemeandworkingparents.A

childclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkon

thefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback.P.J.O'Rourke,the

conservativecommentatorandsatirist,supportsEberstadt'sthesis."Ifyoudon'tthink

(her)argumentshavemerit,trytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids,"he

said."Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevision

insteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethercatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.

Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhensheconicsintoheat,

turnherlooseinthepound.'*JamesQ.Wilson,authorofTheMarriageProblem:How

OurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzero

tolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook's"great,unarguable(hemethatparentalcareisof

decisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren".Feministcritics,in

contrast,accuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher

"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthink

abouttheirlives".Eberstadtinsistsihatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome.

"Thebottomlineisalolmorenuanced,"shesaid."Itdoesn'thavetobe'you'thereafter

school,but(herearenotenoughprotective,supponing,lovingadultsaround."

Neighbourhoods,sheadded,"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkids

justgohome,throwthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfrom

thevideogametotherefrigerator."Theresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnacking

andobesitybutcasualsex,leadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadto

infertilityandcervicalcancer,Eberstadtsaid.

21、Theword"outsouice"(Paragraph1)maybebestreplacedby

A^abandon.

renounce.

C、transfer.

D、submit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义题。根据上下文可知，美国的父母把教育子女的责任转移给了学

校、电视等社会机制和娱乐活动，所以“转移”符合文意。“放弃”，“弃绝”，”递交"

都不符合题意。

22、JamesQ.WilsonsupportsMaryEbcrstadt'snewbookbecause

A、hethinks(hemostimporlantfactorinshapingthecharacterofourchildrenis

parentalcare.

B、heagreesthatitisourculturethatweakensfamilies.

C^thewayAmericatreatsitskidsissomewhatsimilartothewayonetreatshisdog.

D^heistheauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowourculturehasweakenedFamilies.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。文章第七段第二句提到JamesQ.Wilson支持MaryEberstadt

的观点是因为他认为影响孩子性格形成的最重要因素是父母的关心，所以答案选项

符合文意。”他认为我们的文化削弱了家庭"是JamesQ.Wilson自己所著的书的内

容；”美国人对待自己孩子的方式在某种程度上与对待狗一样”是P.J.O?Rourke的

观点，而不是JamesQ.Wilson的观点；”他是《婚姻问题：我们的文化如何影响婚

姻》的作者”并不是他赞同MaryEberstadt观点的原因，两者并无因果联系。因此

这三项都与文意不符。

23、MaryEberstadtwouldiriostlyagree

A^theproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottemendofthesocialspectrum.

B、womenshallnotgoouttoworkbutstayathome.

C、childreninrichfamiliesarelackofexercises.

D^leavingchildrenalonewillleadtomanydiseases.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理题。文章最后一段讲到如果让小孩子单独留在家里会引发性病、

不育症、子宫癌等许多疾病，所以答案选项是MaryEberstadt认同的观点。文章第

二段第一句提到“我们一般会认为青少年问题大部分发生于社会底层，而事实上，

钥匙儿童更常见于富裕家庭”；文章第八段第一句提到“MaryEberstadt并不是要让

妇女都回到家里“；”有钱人家的孩子缺乏运动”是刈文章第九段的狭隘理解。因此

这三项都与文意不符。

24、Thephrase"Taliban-stylcthinking0(Line1,Paragraph8)mostprobablyrefersto

A、thewaythatpeopleofTalibanthinks.

theguessthatMaryEbersladtmaycomefromTaliban.

C、theconservativewayMaryEberstadtshowsinhernewbook.

D^MaryEberstadfssamewayofthinkingasTalibanpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。该句在文中的意思是"女权主义者谴责MaryEbersta出的想

法过于保守"Taliban-siykthinking”原意指的是塔利班当地人的思维方式。”ihe

waythatpeopleofTalibanthinks"是"Taliban-stylethinking"的原意，"对Mary

Eberstadt可能来自塔利班的猜测"是不能从原文中推Hl来的，"MaryEberstadt与塔

利班人的思维方式一致”是错误的观点。因此只有答案选项符合题意。

25、Thetextismainlyabout

A、theintroductionofthewondcrfi.ilcontentsofMaryEbcrs*adt*snewbook.

B、thepublishmentofanewbookandreactionsfromthesociety.

C、thehighincidenceofmanysocialproblemsresultingfromthefaultofparents.

D、thephenomenonthatlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了MaryEberstadt的新书以及

社会各界对其赞同或否定的观点。因此，“新书的出版及社会各界的反应”是正确选

项。"MaryEbersladl新书中精彩内容的介绍“太过笼统；”很多由于父母的失职而导

致的社会问题的高发生率“和“钥匙儿童常见于富裕家庭的现象”都是MaryEberstadt

新书中的具体内容，不能作为本文的主旨。

KarenPagebravedpre-dawndarknessandfreezingtemperaturesyesterdaytofacedown

asceneof"organizedchaos".Hundredsofearly-birdshopperswerewaitingoutsideorin

idlingcarswhenMissPagearrivedforherjobasastoregreeteratToysRUsinFair

OaksShoppingCenterinFairfax.Welcometo"BlackFriday',perhapsthebiggestretail

SalesdayoftheyearasmillionsofshoppersacrossAmericaareluredtostoreswith

expandedhoursandheavilydiscountedprices."Thisisanorganizedchaos,whichisa

goodthing,"saidMissPage,whotookupapositionatthefrontofthestoretogreetand

assistcustomers.Shewasquicklyoverwhelmedascrowdspouredinandcountless

customersaskedhertofindaparticulartoy.OnBlackFridayshoppershopetogetthe

beststuffatthebestpricesforholidaygifts.Retailershopetogetajumpontheholiday

salesseason,whichtraditionallystartsafterThanksgivingandrunsthroughChristmas,

saidEllenTolleyspokeswomanfortheNationalRetailFederation,thelargesttrade

associationforretailers.ThedayafterThanksgivingiscalled"BlackFriday"becauseitis

traditionallythedaywhenretailers'booksshiftfromredtoblack."Youllseemore

consumersbuyingthingsaheadoflime,"shesaid.MissPage,whohasbeenworkingat

theToysRUssince1995,calledthe300to400peoplewaitingoutsidebeforethestore

openingyesterday"aboutaverage".Retailersnationwideanticipatea4.5percenlsales

jumpthisholidayseason,bringingtotalspendingupto$219.9billion,MissTolleysaid.

Thatislessthanlastyear'sholidaysalesspikeof5.1percent,butstillsolid,shesaid."It's

asignthatconsumersaremoresettledthantheywereayearagoandtheyfeel

comfortablefinanciallyandconfidentwiththeeconomy,"MissTolleysaid.Americans

willspendonaverage$730onChristinasgifts,accountingforroughlyaquarterof

annualretailsales,downfromlastyear's$734perperson,accordingtoGallup'sannual

holidaysurvey.Luxuryitemslikehigh-endelectronics,fursandjewelry,alongwithtoys

areexpected(oleadsalesthisholidayseason.MissTolleysaid.Additionally,consumers

willspendanaverage$80.45ongiftcards,shesaid.Notallof(hoseitemswillbebought

atstores.Washingtonareashopperswillspend58percentofIheirbudgetonlinethisyear,

accordingtoAmericaOnline.RetailersintheDistrictalsoaretryingtoattractshoppers

withasalestaxholiday,whichwillrunthroughDec.5.Washington's5.75percentsales

taxwillbeexemptedfromclothing,shoesandaccessoriesthatcostlessthan$100each.

Thereisnolimitonthetotalvalueofthepurchases.

26、MissPage'sattitudetowardBlackFridayis

A、indifferent.

favourable.

C、negative.

D、critical.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点题。从本文第四段MissPage所说的话中可以看出她认为抢购热

是一件好事，而且从其作为商场导购的事实来说，她的态度为转成的也比较合理，

因此正确答案应为“赞成的“。“冷漠的“，”否定的“和“批评的”均不符合文意。

27、The"holidayseason"(Paragraph13)probablyrefersto

A、thedayafterThanksgiving.

B、thedaybeforeChristmas.

C、thedayfromThanksgivingtoChristmas.

D、thedayfromChristmastoThanksgiving.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。文章第五段第二句指出theholidaysalesseason是感恩节到

圣诞节期间，这与题干中holidayseason的含义相同，因比答案选项正确。"theday

afterThanksgiving'\"(hedaybeforeChrislmas"两项所指时间范围都太过宽泛，没看

后或前的截止口期，故不正确："thedayfromChristmastoThanksgiving”将感恩节

与圣诞节前后颠倒，感恩节应在圣诞节之前，所以也不正确。

28、ThereasonwhyAmericanscallthedayafterThanksgiving"BlackFriday"isthat

A^fromthatdayon,theretailerswillreversetheirrevenuefromdeficittosurplus.

B、itisatraditionalsayingthatitisanunluckyday.

C>fromthatdayon,theretailer'srevenuewillbedeficitinsteadofsurplus.

D^itisadayforAmericanstobeearly-birdshoppersforabargainshopping.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。文章第六段提到“黑色星期五”之后，零售商们的账簿”由红

变为黑，在美国零售商的标准审计操作中，红墨水往往用来标注亏损，黑墨水用

来填写盈利记录，所以该句表明零售商们从这天开始，由亏损转为盈利，故答案选

项为正确答案。"itisatraditionalsayingthat...”认为原因是这是一个倒霉的日子,这

是传统意义上”黑色星期五”的含义，而不是指感恩节之后的“黑色星期五"；"from

thatdayon…"与第六段表达的意思相反，为错误答案；"ilisadayforAmericansto

be..."是“黑色星期五”的现名，而不是其被称作“黑色星期五”的原因。因此这三项都

不正确。

29、InWashington'ssalestaxholiday,ashirtmarked$20,apairofbootsmarked$80

andapairofearringsmarked$200willsaveyou

A、$5.75.

B、$17.25.

C、$23.

D、$0.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。文章笫十七段中指出，华盛顿对低于100美元的服装、鞋及

首饰免除应收的5.75%的税。根据这项政策，题干中的商品只对超过100美元的耳

环收税，对本应收税的其他两件商品均予免税。因此，免税金额为(80+20)x5.75%

=5.75o

3。、Thebesttitleofthistextshouldbe

A^CrazyAmericanShoppersRushintoShopsonBlackFriday.

B、MissPage'sWorkingDay.

C^StoresLureShopperswithHoursandPrices.

D、AmericanRetailIndustryAfterThanksgiving.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。通览全文，文章所描述的是零售商们通过延时和降价来促销

以获得丰厚的利润，因此”商店以时间和价格来吸引顾客”为正确答案。”疯狂的美

国顾客在黑色星期五涌进商店”只是描述了假日消费的具体情形，不能概括文章的

主体内容："Page小姐的工作Fl“仅是对■文章开头四段的概括：”感恩节之后的美国

零售业”太过宏观，与主题有关但并不是文章所表达的主要意思。

Lastweek,UtahfederalJudgePaulG.Cassellhandeda22-yearsentencetoamanwho

beatanelderlywomantodeathwithalog.Afewhourslater,JudgeCassellsentenceda

25-year-oldfirst-timedrugoffenderto55years.IfyouthinkJudgeCassellliked

sentencingasmall-changedrugdealertomoretimethanaviolentkiller,guessagain.The

judgehadnochoice.Federallawdemandedthesentence,despiteJudgeCassell'spointed

questioningiftherewasa"rationalbasis"forsentencingWeldonH.Angelos,thefather

oftwoyoungchildren,tomoretimethanhecouldsentenceahijacker,murderorrapist.

Blamefederalmandatoryminimumsentencingrules.AjuryfoundAngelosguiltyon

threeseparatechargesofpossessingafirearmwhilehesoldahalf-poundofmarijuanafor

$350.Thefirstchargeofpossessingagunduringadrugtransactionbroughtafive-year

sentence—thesecondtwochargesbrought25yearseach.Thataddsup(o55years,so

evenifAngeloswerefoundguiltyofselling$1,050ofdrugs,JudgeCassellhadtofollow

therulesandsentencehimto55yearsontheguncharges.(Thejudgedidusearecent

federalrulinginreducingthesentenceforthedrug-sellingcrimestooneday.)Judge

Cassellwasrighttoimposethedraconiansentence.Ifheignoredfederallaw,hewould

placehimselfaboveit.Instead,JudgeCassellsentencedAngelusasthelawdirected,

evenasherighteouslyhectoredCongresstorewritefederaldruglawssofirst-time

offendersdon'tservemoretinethandangerouscareercriminals.Thejudgealsourged

Angelus'attorney,JeromeH.Mooney,toappealthesentenceand,ifappealsfail,seeka

presidentialcommutation.Whilecivil-rightsadvocatesacrossAmericaprotestedthe

sentence,theUtahUSAttorney^officedefendedthesystem.Toprosecutors,Angelusis

noBuyScout.Officialsfoundsome26emptyduffelhagswithmarijuanaresidue.Local

fedsbelievedAngeluswasabigdrugdealer,AssistantUSAttorneyRobertLundtold

me,andassociatedwithaviolentstreetgang.Letmesaythis:Angelusneverwasagood

posterboyforthemovementtohumanizedraconianfederaldruglaws.Angelusturned

downaplea-bargainsentenceof16years.Heisconsideredafirst-timeoffenderonly

becauseajuvenilegunconvictionwasexpungedfromhisrecord.AndevenifAngelos

didn'twavehisguninpeople'sfaces,henonethelessbroughtagunwithhimduringthe

transactions.ButAngeloshasbecomeanationalcausecelebrebecauseofJudgeCassell.

Therearemoreegregiousexamplesoffirst-timeoffenderssentencedtodecadesforpetty

dealing,buttheydidn'tcomebeforeajudgevocallyopposediotheheavyhandednature

offederaldrugsentencing.Thatsaid,itsimplydoesn'tmakesensethatfederalsentences

oftenaretougheronsmall-timedrugoffendersthanonviolentcriminals.Butithappens

allthetime.

31、Theword"draconian"(Line1,Paragraph4)mayprobablymean

A^federal.

separate.

C、tough.

D^guilty.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义题。文章第二段最后一句提到了法官对应有判决的质疑，认为联

邦法律的相关规定过于严厉。其后几段均逐层论证了对轻罪处罚过重这一事实，因

此应选“严厉的“。“联邦的“.”分别的，各自的“，”有罪的”都与文意不符。

32WccanlearnfromthetextthatJudgeCassell

A、ignoredthefederallaw.

sentencedAngelosaccording(othefederallawhewrote.

C、wasafriendofJeromeH.Mooney.

D、thoughthissentencewastough.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。文章第四段提到，法官的判决很严厉，但这个判决是正确

的。因为如果法官不顾法律规定，他就是在践踏法律。因此，“忽视联邦法律“和“

根据其自己写的联邦法律来对Angelos判刑”都不正确。文章第五段第一句提到法

官与议会开玩笑，希望他们修改法律，使第一次违法的人受到的惩罚不会比危险的

职业罪犯的刑罚还重。换言之，法官认为现行法律对轻罪的刑罚过重，即答案选项

为正确选项。文章第五段最后一句提到JeromeH.Mooney是Angelos的律师，并未

提及他是Cassell法官的朋友。

33、Bysayingthat"AngeloshasBecomeanationalcausecelebre"(LineLParagraph

8),theauthorimpliesthat

A^Angeloswasthefirstonewhoturneddownaplea-bargain.

B、Angeloswasthefirstonesentencedtodecadesforpettydealings.

C、Angeloswasthefirstoneopposingtotheheavy-handednatureoffederaldrugs

sentencebeforeajudge.

D、Angeloswasthemostegregiousexampleoffirst-timeoffenderssentencedto

decades.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。文章第八段第二句指出，虽然情节轻微，但第一次违法的人

中被处以几十年徒刑的人非常多。这些人都没有向法官表示对联邦法律严酷性的质

疑，除了Angeloso由此可知，答案选项为正确选项。根据文章第七段第二句话，

并不能推出Angelos是拒绝诉讼交易的第一人；说Angelos是这些人中最突出的例

子，这在文中没有体现，所以也不正确。

34Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat

A、thefederalsentencesonsmall-timedrugoffendersarealwaystougher.

B、thefederalsentencesonsmall-timedrugoffendersaretougherinsomecasesthanon

violentcriminals.

C^thefederalsentencesonviolentcriminalsmusthetougher.

D、thefederalsentencesonviolentcriminalsandonsmall-timedrugoffendersareboth

tough.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理题。文章最后一段的意思是说，对毒品犯罪的判决并不是经常重

于暴力犯罪的判决，但这种判决确实时有发生。由此可推知”一些与毒品有关的轻

罪犯的判决比暴力犯罪的判决更严厉”符合文意。”与毒品有关的轻罪犯受到的判决

总是很严厉“，”对暴力犯罪的判决应该更严厉"，”这两种判决都很严厉”都不能由

本段推出。

35、Intheauthor'sview,thefederalsentenceonAngelosis

A^unreasonable.

B、totallywrong,

C、appropriate,

D、tooheavy.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点题。认为对Angelos的判决“不合情理”，认为这一判决”完全错

误”，这两个选项显然不符合文意；认为这个判决“很适合”，这不能反映作者写这

篇文章的目的，即对〜些轻罪犯的刑罚过重。因此“过重”为正确选项。

ThecityofVenicemaynotbetheobviousplaceforacallforthemoralrevivalof

Europe.ThisiswhereLordByronusedtoswimnakeddownrheGrandCanalbetween

pinkpalacesandswayinggondolasintheearlymorninghoursafternightsofcarousing.

ThisiswhereThomasMannacenturylatercelebratedthebeautyofdeclinein"Deathin

Venice".Forthepastfouryears,however,Venicehasalsobeenhometothe"Venice

Colloquium",sponsoredbytheFondazioneLiberal,anItalianfree-marketgroup,headed

bymemberofparliamentFerdinandoAdornato.Thepurposeoftheeventistobring

likemindedEuropeansandAmericanstogelherinanefforttobridgethetransatlantic

divide.Itisacalltocommonvalues,mostlyperhapsdirectedatEuropeans,forwhom

valuesthesedaysseemlikearchaicencumbrances.Americansarethereforeagreat

puzzletomanyEuropeans.SoarePresidentBushandhisnewlynominatedsecretaryof

state,CondoleezzaRice.ManyEuropeanscannotgetoverthefactthat22percentof

Americanvotersinthepresidentialelectionstatedthattheyconsidered"moralvalues"

theirmostimportantissue,andthereactionherehasgreatlyresembledthehysterical

hyperventilatingoftheHollywood-NewYorkeliteaftertheUSelection."InEurope,

peopleareembarrassedtotalkaboutmoralvalues,"saysTessaKeswickoftheCenterfor

PolicyStudiesinLondon.Oriftheydo,itisanewkindofmoralvalue,closelyidentified

withpoliticalcorrectness,whichcanbe"frighteninglyintolerant".TheneedforEuropeto

re-establishitsmoralidentityisbecomingevidenttopeoplehere,evenifthisisstilla

minorityview.While40percentofAmericansattendchurchatleastonceaweek,on

average4percentofEuropeansdo.Outbreaksofanti-Semitismandxenophobiakeep

croppingupinlargepartbecauseofgrowingMuslimimmigrantpopulationsthathave

notbeensociallyintegrated.Andthereisanoverallreluctancetoaccepttheglobalwar

onterrorasanactualwar.Europe'sresidenttroublemaker,FrenchPresidentJacques

Chirac,speaksof(heEuropeanUnionasamukilateralmodelfortheworld,yetthis

modelisincapableofdefeatingterrorism.Therefore,politicianshere,withtheexception

ofBritain'sTonyBlair,like(opretendthatpoliceactionisallweneed(otakecareofal

Qaeda.ButnotallEuropeansareresignedtothedeclineinvaluesandvigorthattheysee

aroundthem.If70percentofFrenchmen,forinstance,wouldhavepreferredSen.John

Kerrytowinthe2004election,then30percentsupportedGeorgeBush.Whatkindof

valuesarewetalkingabout?Morethanfamilyvaluesperse,manyareworriedaboutthe

fundamentalvaluesoftheWestern,Judeo-Christiantradition,fromwhichspringour

conceptsofhuman,politicalandreligiousrights.ThefactisthatEuropeneedstheUnited

States,morethantheotherwayaround,toexertglobalinfluence.AndwhiletheFrench

lovetotalkabout