考研英语（一）模拟试卷193

考研英语(一)模拟试卷193

一、完型填空(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)

Industrialism,atleastwithinourexperienceofitformorethan200years,never[Bl]

apointofequilibriumoralevelplateau.[B2]itsveryprincipleof

operation,itceaselesslyinnovatesandchanges.Havinglargely[R3]the

agriculturalworkforce,itmovesonmanufacturing[B4]bycreatingnew

automatedtechnology(hatincreasesmanufacturingproductivity[B5]

displacingworkers.Manufacturing,from[B6]ahalformoreoftheemployed

populationofindustrialsocieties,shrinkstobetweenaquarterandathird.Itsplaceis

filledbytheservicesector.Themovetoaservicesocietyis[B7]byagreat

expansionineducation,health,andotherprivateandpublicwelfare[B8].The

populationtypicallybecomesnotjusthealthier,betterhoused,andbetterfedbutalso

bettereducated.Professionalandscientificknowledgebecomesthemostmarketable

[B9]Thelinkbetweenpurescienceandtechnology,looseanduncertaininthe

early[BIO]ofindustrialization,becomespivotal.Struckbythesechanges,as

[Billwith(heclassicformsofindustrialsocietyofthe19thandearly20th

centuries,sometheoristshavediscerneda[B12]toanewpostmodernor

postindustrialsociety.Such[B13]maybepremature.Mostofthechanges

[B14]lateindustrialismcanbeseenastheresultsoflong-termdevelopments

[B15]intheprocessofindustrializationfromthestart.Theriseofservice

industrieshas[B16]inpartfromtheincreaseinleisureandindisposable

wealthandinpartfrom(he[B17]processofmechanizationandtechnical

innovation,[B18]constantlyraisesmanufacturingproductivity[B19]

replacinghumanlabourwithmachines.Itcanalsobeseenasthe(B20]

ofthegrowthofmultinationalcorporations.

1、[Bl]

A、reaches

B、obtains

C、arrives

D、maintains

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理和近义词辨析。根据句意，此处指达到一个平衡

点。reach和arrive都有“到达”的意思，但arrive是不及物动词，后面必须跟介词

at。reach是及物动词,符合句意和句法。

2、[B2]

A、With

B、Under

C、Within

D、By

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理。with表示“用……方式；以……手段”；

undero表示“在...之下；根据“；within表示“在....之内”，by表示“按照句子

此处的意思是“按其运行原理”，所以D正确。

3、[B3]

A^diminished

B、eliminated

C、replaced

D^displaced

标准答案：B

知识点解析:本题考查上下文推理。diminish意为“使变弱,使减少“；eliminate意

为"消除“；replace意为“取代“；displace意为“代替，取代这部分意思是“在大规

模地消灭了农业劳动力后”，根据句意，应选B。

4、[B4]

A、efficiency

B、labor

C、employment

D^products

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理。紧接上文的意思“工业化大规模地消灭了农业

劳动力后“，这一句谈工业化对劳动力和就业的影响，因此，应选C。

5、[B5]

A、while

B、as

C、when

D、assoonas

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查连接词。while意为“和……同时）句意是：“……工业化不

断发展，通过创造新的自动化技术继续制造就业，新的自动化技术在取代工人的同

时，提高了生产效率。”

6、[B6]

A、consistingof

B、accountingfor

C、takingin

D^amounting（o

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查固定短语。consistof意为“由...构成”;accountfor意为

”（在数量、比例方面）占“；takein意为“接受"；amountto意为“总计”。句意是：”制

造业由占工业社会就业人口的一半或一半以上缩减到占四分之一和三分之一之

间。”因此，B符合句意。

7、[B7]

A、marked

B、indicated

C、labeled

D、symbolized

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理。mark意为“标志”；indicate意为“表明，暗

示“；label意为“用标签标明"；symbolize意为“象征”。此处相关部分的意思是：

“向服务型社会转变的标志是……”根据句意，应选A。

8、[B8]

A^services

B、sectors

C、departments

divisions

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查习惯搭配。service的复数形式services表示“服务性事业”，

welfareservices是固定用语，意为“福利机构

9、[B9]

A、item

B、property

C^commodity

D、article

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理。由空格前的marketable（有销路的，畅销的）可

知此处需要一个表示商品或产品的词。除property（财产）外，都有此意，但具体含

义有些区别。item指一件物品或东西；commodity意为“商品，货物”；article指

”（物品的）一件，物件”。根据句意选C。

10、[B10]

A^stages

B、processes

C、steps

D、procedures

C、organizing

D^recognizing

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查上卜文推理。从句子的结构看，空格处的词及其短语作

changes的定语。四个选项characterize（为特征）符合句意，故为正确答案。

15、[B15]

A^explicit

B、notable

C、implicit

D^suggestive

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理。explicit意为“明确的，明晰的"；notable意为

“著明的,显要的"；implicit意为“不言明的,含蓄的"；suggestive意为”提示的,暗

示的“。空格中所缺的词是形容词作后置定语，修饰developments。从上下文可看

出，在工业化的起始阶段，其发展是不明晰的，因此，正确答案是C。

16、[B16]

A、emerged

B、appeared

C>loomed

D^arisen

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查近义词辨析。emerge意为“浮现，出现”，表示从原来处于

隐蔽、不为人知的状态到公开的渐进过程；appear主要表示“出现”在人们的视线

中：loom意为“隐约出现，突然出现"，多指使人恐惧的东西；arise意为“出现，发

生”，指从简单发展到复杂的因果关系。从文章上下文可知，服务业的兴起是一个

从无到有的逐渐发展过程，因此，A是正确答案。

17、[BI7]

A、continuing

B、increasing

C、growing

D、continuous

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理。increasing和growing都表示“增加，增长”的意

思，在此处不符合句意；ccnlinuing意为“持续不断的“，常修饰developmenl,

growth等词；continuous意为“连续不断的，接连的"，指中间没有间断,如:a

continuouslineofcars（络绎不绝的车流）。根据句意，答案是A。

18、[B18]

A、（hat

B、which

C、when

D、where

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查关系代词。空格处的词引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰

mechanizationandtechnicalinnovation,先行词指物，在从句中作主语，因此这个弓I

导词应该是关系代词which3

19、[BI9]

A、by

with

C、in

D、upon

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查介词用法。通过句意可知，空格处的词表示方式、手段。介

词by和wilh都可以表示这个意思，但wi由后常接名词，而空格后是动名词，所以

by是正确答案。

20、[B20]

A、substance

B、subsequence

C、sequence

D、consequence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查上下文推理和近形词辨析。根据句意，空格处应填

consequence（结果），astheconsequenceof意为”是...的结果substance意为“物

质”,subsequence意为“随后”，sequence意为“顺序,‘，都不符合句意。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

Theterm"disruptivetechnology"ispopular,butiswidelymisused.Itrefersnotsimplyto

aclevernewtechnology,buttoonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology—andwhich

thereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesseswhichdependontheexisting

wayofdoingthings.Thirtyyearsago,thepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.It

sweptasideanoldermainframe-basedstyleofcomputing,andeventuallybroughtIBM,

oneoftheworld'smightiestfirmsatthetime,toitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-

outparlyofsortsfbranotherdisruptivetechnology,"voiceoverinternetprotocol"

（VOIP）,whichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptive,andofevengreaterbenefitto

consumers,thanpersonalcomputers.VOIP'sleadingproponentisSkype,asmallfirm

whosesoftwareallowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersovertheinternet,

andverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones—allofwhichspellstroublefbrincumbent

telecomsoperators.OnSeptember12th,eBay,theleadingonlineauction-house,

announcedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billion,plusanadditional$1.5billionif

Skypehitscertainperformancetargetsincomingyears.Itseemsthatthisisavastsumto

payforacompanythathasonly$60minrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBay

wasnottheonlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.Microsoft,Yahoo!,News

CorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealsoconsideredtheidea.PerhapseBay,

ratherlikesomeover-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctions,haspaidtoomuch.The

companysaysitplanstouseSkype'stechnologytomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellers

（ocommunicate,andtooffernew"clicktocall"advertisements,butmanyanalystsare

scepticalthateBayis（hebestownerofSkype.Whateverthemeritsofthedeal,however,

（hefussoverSkypeinrecentweekshashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIP,andthe

enormousthreatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.FortheriseofSkypeandother

VOIPservicesmeansnothinglessthanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusiness,

establishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisiblemanifestationofa

dramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustry,asvoicecallingbecomesjustanotherdataservice

deliveredviahigh-speedinternetconnections.Skype,whichhasover54musers,has

receivedthemostattention,hutotherfirmsroutingcallspartiallyorentirelyoverthe

internethavealsosignedupmillionsofcustomers.

21、Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthor

A、indicatesaclevernewtechnology.

B、underminesanexistingtechnology.

C、correctsamisconception.

D、statesthepopularityoftheterm.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道细节分析题，测试考生对原文语句功能的分析以及把握能

力。本题的答案信息来源在全文手段的第一二句。第一句指出人们滥用“disruptive

technology”这一词语；第二句确切指出这一词语所指代攸内容。故本题的正确选项

应该是C'correctsamisconception”（纠正一个错误的概念）<

22>Thephrase"brought...toitsknees"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans

A、forced...tosubmittoit.

B、imposed...onit.

C>convinced...thatit....

D、associated...withit.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，测试考生准确理解原文词语的能力。原文首段第

四句中的“brought…toitsknees”来自于“bring…toone'sknees”，其含义是“使屈

服于某人“。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是forced...tosubmittoil”（使屈服

于它）。

23、Wecanlearnfromthetextthat

A^evengreaterbenefittomanybusinessispromised.

B、quiteafewcorporationsshowedinterestsintheacquisitionofSkype.

C、eBayhaspaidavastsumofmoneyforasmallfirm.

D^yourphonewillringwhereveryouarein（heworld.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道细节题，测试考生对原文细节，尤其是转折词语引导的细

节信息的理解能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的第二句，该句转折词“yet”（然

而）引导，其大意是：“然而eBay不是有意购买Skype的唯一一家公司”。言外之

意,其他公司也有意购买Skype。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B“quiteafew

corporationsshowedinterestsintheacquisitionofSkype”（有好几家公司显示了对购买

Skype的兴趣）。

24、Thetextsuggeststhatmanyanalysts'attitudetowardthepossessionofSkypeby

eBayis

A^supportive.

B、persuasive.

C、approval.

D、negative.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文细节的识别与正确理解能力。本题

的答案信息来源在第三段倒数第二句的结尾处，即由转折词“bul”引导的部分。这

部分的大意是：“许多分析家质疑eBay是Skype最理想的拥有者。”可见，本题的

正确选项应该是D“negative”（否定的）。

25、Accordingtothelastparagraph,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldthe

authorofthetextmostprobablyagree?

A、Almost-freeinternetphonecallsheraldtheslowdeathoftraditionaltelephony.

B、Anotherdataservicewasdeliveredentirelyovertheinternet.

C、Thetraditionaltelephonebusinesshaveyettoturnaprofit.

D^Thedramaticshiftin(he(elecomsindustryhasreceivedlittleattention.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文信息的识别和精确理解能力。本题

的答案信息来源在尾段的首句，该句的大意是：“Skype以及其VOIP服务的发展壮

大至少意味着100多年前建立的传统电话在消亡。”由此可以推断本题的正确选项

应该是A^Almost—freeinternetphonecallsheraldtheslowdeathoftraditional

telephony”(几乎免费的互联网电话服务预示着传统电话的渐渐消亡)。

Microsoftemployeesdonotrecognizethemselvesinthegovernment'ssuitsinthe

MicrosoftcafeteriainRedmond,Washington.Thegovernmentsantitrustsuitagainstthe

companyisfrequentlydiscussedamongpeoplewho(likeme)havenoinsideknowledge

ofwhatisactuallygoingoninthenegotiations.Slate,theonlinemagazineIedit,is

ownedbyMicrosoft,sodiscountanythingIsayaccordinglyasyouplease.Buthaving

livedandworkedamongthemforfouryears,Ihavefoundtheattitudeoffolksinsidethe

companyprettyinteresting,andmaybeyouwilltoo.NotpeoplelikeBillGates,orthose

whowritethelegalbriefsandpressreleases,buttheordinarysoftwaredeveloperinthe

cafeteria.CallhimtheMallintheplaidFlannelShirt.Heorsheis,aboveall,aggrieved.

ThegrievancewaswellexpressedbyamidlevelmanagerwhenAIGore"wason

campus"afewmonthsago.AtaQ&Asession,hetoldtheVicePresident,inessence:I

havebeenaDemocratallmylife,becauseIbelieveinthevaljestheDemocraticParty

represents.Butalsoworkveryhard,andIbelievethattheworkIdoishelpingmakelife

betterforpeople.YetnowniygovernmentistellingmethattheworkIdoisactually

harmful.SoshouldIbelievemygovernmentiswrong,orshouldIbelieveI'mdevoting

mylifetohurtingpeople?FortunatelyforGore,hewasabletoduckthequestiononthe

groundthathecouldn'tcomrrentonanactivelawsuit.IfGorehadwantedtobemean,he

mighthaveaskedhowmanystockoptionsthatinterrogatorhadandwhether(hatnumber

hasanyimpactonhisdecisiontocome(oworkeveryday.Thehumancapacityfor

grievanceisdeepanduniversal.Evenamongthesemostrationalmembersofthespecies,

grievanceseemsimmunetotherealitythat"unfairtoMicroscft"istheworld'sleast

sympatheticevidence,evenifit'strue.However,itsurelycountsforsomethingthatthe

typicalsoftytrulydoesn'trecognizehimselforhisworkinthedescriptionofMicrosoft,

promulgatedbythecompany'scritics.Heprobablyhasn'treadthelegaldocumentsinthe

case,andisunqualifiedtojudgethelegalissuesanyway.Evenhardenedcriminalsmay

concoctsomeinnocentrationalefortheircrimesandbelieveitthemselves.Sothefact

thatmycolleaguesfeelinnocentdoesn'tmeantheyareinnocent.Butitsurely

complicatestheissue.Thesepeoplehonestlybelievetheyarepromotinginnovation,and

theygenuinelysenserivalsateveryturn.Ifthecompanyisacomplacentmonopoly

ruthlesslysuppressinginnovation,ithassomehowbecomethatwayeventhoughthe

peoplewhoconstituteitarenot.hwas(hedayafterJudgeThomasPenfieldJackson's

findingsoffactlastNovemberifonemomenlcrystallizedthebitternesshere.Which,

despiteitslabel,waswidelyinterpretedasmeaningthatMicrosoftwas"gonnagetnailed

(折磨)NewspapersacrossthecountrycarriedpicturesoftheDepartmentofJustice

litigators(上诉人)laughingaboutthejudge'sruling.ForthecompetitiveMicrosofttypes,

thiswasrubbingsaltinthewounds.Anditconfirmedtheirsuspicionthatthegovernment

wasunfairly"outtoget"them.It'sonethingforallofficialagenciestoconclude

solemnlythatyouhaveviolatedavagueandcomplexlaw.

26、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthetext?

A、TheMicrosoftCase.

B、MicrosoftInside.

C、TheViewfrom(heCafeteria.

D^MicrosoftBreakingUp.

标准答案：C“

知识点解析：本题考查考生根据引用的具体实例进行理解推测并归纳观点的能力。

本文主要介绍了微软被控垄断的案件，并从微软人的角度进行了分析，所以，C为

正确答案。

27、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatemployeesatMicrosoft

A、discusstheircasewithoutsidersquiteoften.

B、donotdiscusstheircasebecausetheyknowtoowell.

C、feelangryabouttheiropponents5businessstrategies.

D、believeiniheirvalueinv/orkingforthepeople.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查考生根据上下文中的具体细节内容进行推理判断的能力。从

文中第一段开头就可以得知许多对该案件不了解的人在纷纷议论，但是微软员工却

不参与讨论，可以推知B为正确答案。

28、ThecriticsmainlychargetheMicrosoftfbr

Asitssettinghighpricesfortheirproducts.

B、itsmonopolyoveroperatingsystems.

C、itsresistancetogettingotherpeople'sprograms.

D^itspreventionofcompetitionfromothercompanies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查考生根据上下文的具体细节内容进行合理判断和推测的能

力。攻击微软的人主要是控告微软进行商业垄断，所以，D为正确答案。

29、Inthelastbutoneparagraph,theexampleof"hardenedcriminals"ismentionedto

showthat

A、thecoiningofanewcaseagainstMicrosoftmakesthepublicexcited.

B、peoplecaninventreasonsfbrtheircrimesorwrongfulacts.

C、peoplealwayshaveachancetocommitcrimes.

D、（hehardenedcriminalsarenotirrationalintheirbehaviors.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查考生根据上下文中的具体细节内容进行推理判断的能力。文

中第四段第三句提出即便是悍匪也会给自己的罪行编造出能使自己无罪的理由而且

还让自己相信，作者举这个例子就是为了表示再罪有应得的罪犯也会为自己找理由

申辩，所以，B为正确答案。

30、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheMicrosoftcase?

A、HethinksMicrosoftisinnocent.

B、HebelievesthegovernmentisunfairtoMicrosoft.

C、HebelievesMicrosofthasbrokenthelawdefinitely.

D、HebelievesMicrosoftisnotinnocentthoughtherearestillmanyuncertainties.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查考生根据文章中具体内容对作者观点总结归纳的能力。作者

用顽固犯罪分子的例子暗示，微软人员虽然自认为是无辜的，而且目前许多问题还

未确定，但实际上微软是有问题的。所以，D为正确答案。

In1929JohnD.Rockefellerdecideditwastimetosellshareswhenevenashoeshineboy

offeredhimasharetip.DuringthepastweekTheEconomist'seconomicseditorhasbeen

advisedbyataxidriver,aplumberandahairdresserthat"youcan'tgowrong"investing

inhousing—themoreyouownthebetter.Isthisasignthatitistimetogetout?Atthe

veryleast,ashousepricesaroundtheworldclimbtoeverloftierheights,andmoreand

morepeoplejumpontothehny-to-letladder,itistimetoexpnsesomeofthefallacies

regularlytrottedoutbysomanyself-appointedhousingexperts.Onecommonerroris

(hathousepricesmustcontinuetorisebecauseofalimitedsupplyofland.Forexample,

itisarguedthat"housepriceswillalwaysriseinLondonbecauselotsofpeoplewantto

livehere".Butthisconfusesthelevelofpriceswiththeirrateofchange.Homepricesarc

boundtobehigherinbigcitiesbecauseoflandscarcity,butthisdocsnotguaranteethat

urbanhousepriceswillkeeprisingindefinitelyjustlookatTokyo'shugeprice-drops

since1995.And,thoughitistruethatafixedsupplyofhomesmaypushuphouseprices

if(hepopulationisrising,thiswouldimplyasteadyriseinprices,notthe20%annual

jumpsofrecentyears.AsecondHawedargumentisthatlowinterestratesmakebuyinga

homecheaper,andsopushupdemandandprices.Lowerinterestratesmayhaveallowed

somepeople,whootherwisecouldnolhaveaffordedamortgage,tobuyahome.

However,manyborrowerswhothinkmortgagesarecheaperaresufferingfrommoney

illusion.Interestratesarenotverylowinreal,inflationadjustedterms.Initialinterest

paymentsmayseemlowinrelationtoincome,butbecauseinflationisalsolowitwillnot

erodetherealburdenofdebtasswiftlyasitoncedid.Soinlateryearsmortgage

paymentswillbemuchlargerinrealterms.Toarguethatlownominalinterestratesmake

buyingahomecheaperislikearguingthatacarloanpaidoffoverfouryearsischeaper

thanonerepaidovertwoyears.FallacynumberthreeisafavouriteclaimofAlan

Greenspan,chairmanofAmerica'sFederalReserve.Thisisthatpricebubblesarcless

likelyinhousingthaninthestock-marketbecausehighertransactioncostsdiscourage

speculation.Infact,severalstudieshaveshownthatbothintheoryandinpractice

bubblesaremorelikelyinhousingthaninshares.AstudybytheIMFfindsthatasharp

riseinhousepricesisfarmorelikelytobefollowedbyabust(hanashare-priceboom.

31、Theterm"fallacies"(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablydenotes

A^obsoletemethodologies.

B、ridiculousstrategies.

C、mistakenbeliefs.

D、far-fetchedassertions.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道词汇题，测试考生准确理解原文中重要词语的能力。原文首

段尾句中的“fallacies”一词的含义是“谬论，谬见；谬误”，故本题的正确答案是C

选项“mistakenbeliefs”(错误的认识)。考生在阅读时如果遇到生词，应该把握上下

文和全文中心主旨进行推断。

32>Whatistherelationshipbetweentheopeningparagraphandtherestofthetext?

A^Thedeadlysinsaresingledoutin(hefirstparagraphandthendeniedbytheauthorof

thetext.

B、Ageneralizationismadeintheopeningparagraphandelaboratedinthefollowing

paragraphs.

C、Theunusualanecdotesarequotedinthefirstparagraphandthenarticulatedinthe

followingparagraphs.

D^Ageneralizationisadvancedintheopeningparagraphandrefutedin(hefollowing

paragraphs.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题属于中心主旨题类型，测试考生把握全文整体结构和中心主旨的

能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段的尾句和第二、三、五段的首句。首段的尾句

讲：“到了揭露一些谬论的时候了……”；然后第二、三、五段分别具体阐述和分析

了三个谬论。由此可以推断本题的正确答案是B选项“Ageneralizationismadein

theopeningparagraphandelaboratedinthefollowingparagraphs”（第一段进行概括，

在后面的段落对该概括进行阐述）。考生在阅读时要重视原文的整体结构，这样有

利于理解原文。

33、Theauthorofthetextmakesacomparisonin

A^paragraph2.

B、openingparagraph.

C^paragraph4.

D、concludingparagraph.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是-•道细节结构题，测试考生对原文中的语言结构和表达手法的识

别与理解能力。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句，该句使用的是“be

like...”（像……,如同……）这一比较结构。该句的大意是：“认为低利率使购房更

便宜就如同认为四年偿还的汽车贷款低于两年偿还的车贷”。根据本句的主要结构

和内容可以推断本题的正确答案是C选项“paragraph4”（第四段）。考生在阅读时要

重视语言结构及其功能和作用。

34>TheviewsofAlanGreenspanandtheauthorofthetextonpricebubblesare

A、complementary.

B、identical.

C、opposite.

D、similar.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文重要细节的识别和把握能力。本题

的答案信息来源在全文的尾段，尤其尾段的前三句，前三句的大意是：“第三个谬

见是美联储主席AlanGreenspan喜欢说的话，即：由于较高交易成本不利于投机，

所以与证券市场相比价格泡沫在住房市场上出现的可能性较小.实际上，若干研究

已经表明：无论在理论上还是实践中，泡沫更有可能存在于住房市场。而不是证券

市场。”由此可以推断出本题的正确答案应该是C选项“opposite”（相对立的）。

35、Accordingtothetext,theauthorwouldagreethat

A、itistimetoillustratesomepopularfallaciesaboutbuyingahome.

B、somepopularflawedargumentsaboutbuyingahomeshouldbemadeknowntothe

publicforthetimebeing.

C、peopleshouldbepunctualinbusinessdealingsofsharesandhousing.

D、AlanGreenspan'sclaimcanholdwaterwithrespecttofallacymemberthree.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题属于中心主旨题，测试考生识别和把握全文中心主旨句的能力。

本题答案信息来源在首段尾句，该句恰恰是全文的中心主旨句。该句主句的大意

是：”到了揭露一些谬见的时候了……”由此可以推断本题的正确答案是B选项

“Somepopularflawedargumentsaboutbuyingahomeshouldbemadeknowntothe

publicforthetimebeing.”(一些常见的有关购房的错误论点应该让公众了解和认

识)。

Beyondthebasicanimalinstinctstoseekfoodandavoidpain.Freudidentifiedtwo

sourcesofpsychicenergy,whichhecalled"drives":aggressionandlibido.Thekeytohis

theoryisthatthesewereunccnsciousdrives,shapingourbehaviorwithoutthemediation

ofourwakingminds;theysurface,heavilydisguised,onlyinourdreams.Theworkof

thepasthalf-centuryinpsychologyandneurosciencehasbeentodownplaytheroleof

unconsciousuniversaldrives,focusinginsteadonrationalprocessesinconsciouslife.But

researchershavefoundevidencethatFreud'sdrivesreallydoexist,andtheyhavetheir

rootsinthelimbicsystem,aprimitivepartofthebrainthatoperatesmostlybelowthe

horizonofconsciousness.Nowmorecommonlyreferredtoasemotions,themodernsuite

ofdrivescomprisesfive:rage,panic,separationdistress,lustandavariationonlibido

sometimescalledseeking.Theseekingdriveisprovingaparticularlyfruitfulsubjectfbr

researchers.Althoughliketheothersitoriginatesin(helimbicsystem,italsoinvolves

partsofthefbrebrain,thesealofhighermentalfunctions.In(he1980s,JaakPanksepp,a

neurobiologista(BowlingGreenSlateUniversityinOhio,becameinterestedinaplace

nearthecortexknownastheventraltegmentalarea,whichinhumansliesjustabovethe

hairline.WhenPankseppstimulatedthecorrespondingregioninamouse,theanimal

wouldsnifftheairandwalkaround,asthoughitwerelookingforsomething.Wasit

hungry?No.Themousewouldwalkrightbyaplateoffood,orforthatmatteranyother

objectPankseppcouldthinkof.Thisbraintissueseemedtocauseageneraldesirefor

somethingnew."WhatIwasseeing,"hesays,"wastheurgetodostuff."Pankseppcalled

thisseeking.ToncuropsychologistMarkSolmsofUniversityCollegeinLondon,that

soundsverymuchlikelibido."Freudneededsomesortofgeneral,appetitivedesireto

seekpleasureintheworldofobjects,"saysSolms."Pankseppdiscoveredasa

neuroscientistwhatFreuddiscoveredpsychologically."Sohnsstudiedthesameregionof

thebrainfbrhisworkondreams.Sincethe1970s,neurologistshaveknownthat

dreamingtakesplaceduringaparticularformofsleepknownasREM—rapideye

movement—whichisassociatedwithaprimitivepartofthebrainknownas(hepons.

Accordingly,(heyregardeddreamingasalow-levelphenomenonofnogreat

psychologicalinterest.WhenSolmslookedintoit,though,itturnedoutthatthekey

structureinvolvedindreamingwasactually(heventraltegmental,thesamestructurethat

Panksepphadidentifiedastheseatofthe"seeking"emotion.Dreams,ilseemed,

originatewiththelibido-whichisjustwhatFreudhadbelieved.Freud'spsychological

mapmayhavebeenflawedirmanyways,butitalsohappenstobethemostcoherent

and,fromthestandpointofindividualexperience,meaningfultheoryofthemind,"Freud

shouldbeplacedinthesamecategoryasDarwin,wholivedbeforethediscoveryof

genes,"saysPanksepp."Freudgaveusavisionofamentalapparatus.Weneedtotalk

aboutit,developit,testit."Perhapsit'snotamatterofprovingFreudwrongorright,but

offinishingthejob.

36、Freudbelievedthataggressionandlibido

A^weretheonlytwosourcesofpsychicenergy.

B、couldsometimessurfaceinourconsciouslife.

C、affectedourbehaviourunconsciously.

D、couldappearclearlyinourdreams.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章开头部分，弗洛伊德认为，进攻性和性欲这两种欲望都是无

意识的，它们促成我们的行为却不经过清醒的大脑的思考；它们只以伪装的形式出

现在我们的梦境中。因此B和D都不对，而C是对的。原文说除了寻找食物和避

免疼痛这两种基本的动物本能外，弗洛伊德还发现了两种他称之为“欲望的精神力

量的来源：进攻性和性欲。所以A也不对。

37、WhichofthefollowingtermsisequivalenttowhatFreudcalledlibido?

A、Emotion.

B、Lust.

C、Seeking.

D、Urge

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第•段结尾部分，苏洛伊德所称的“性欲(libido)”，现代称谓对它

进行了变异，有时称为“追求(seeking)”，故C是正确选项。A是所有欲望的现代统

称；B和D也都不对。

38、JaakPanksepp'sstudyonamouseprovesthattheseekingdrive

A、originatesinthelimbicsystem.

B、involvespartsoftheforebrain.

C、controlshowwerespondtostimulus.

D、existsinmanyotheranimals.

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：第二段第二句是本段的主题句：尽管像其他欲望一样，它也产生自大

脑的边缘系统，它还涉及到更高、的脑力功能部位，即前脑的某些部分。所以潘塞

普用一只老鼠所做的试验就是证明这一点，故选B。

39、AccordingtoMarkSolms,dreaming

A^takesplaceduringthewholesleepingperiod.

B、involvesaprimitivepartofthebrainknownasthepons.

C、iscloselyrelatedtothe"seeking"emotion.

D、startsatthesametimeaslibidoappears.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段结尾处：当萨姆斯对梦深人研究时，发现参与做梦的主要结构

实际.上是前盖区，即潘塞普认为是“追求''感情所在的部位，也就是弗洛伊德所说的

"性欲''的根源部位。C符合这个意思，是正确答案。B符合文章的意思，但不是本

题所间的内容：A和D与文章章思不符。

40、ItcanbeinferredthatFreudandDarwinaresimilarinthattheirtheories

A^havelongbeendiscredited.

B、providegoodguideforfurtherresearch.

C、areplacedinthesamecategory.

D、areconcernedabouthumanbeing.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章最后一段，潘塞普说：“弗洛伊德应该与生活在基因发现之

前的达尔文相提并论。弗洛伊德为我们提供了一幅关于大脑器官的图像。我们需要

谈论它，发展它，验证它。''这就是说，弗洛伊德的理论虽然不完善，但它为以后

的研究提供了指导；而达尔文虽然生活在基因发现之前，但他的理论对于基因研究

也提供了先导性的作用。所以两者在这方面是相同的，可推知B是正确答案。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。）

TheU.S.spaceagency,NASA,isplanningtolaunchasatellitethatscientistshopewill

answerfundamentalquestionsabouttheoriginanddestinyofouruniverse.[Cl]

Theprevailingtheoryoftheuniverse'sorigin,the"BigBang"theory,saysall

matterandenergywereoncecompressedintoatinypoint.Thedensityandresulting

temperatureweresoenormousthat,about13-to-15-billionyearsagobycurrent

estimates,amightyexplosionflungthematterhurtlingoutwardinalldirections.[C2]

.Theyalsoask.istheexpansionaccelerating?Willtheuniversecollapse?Whatis

itsshape?ScientistswillseekexplanationswithNASA'snewMicrowaveAnisotropy

Probe,abbreviatedasMAP.[C3].*'MAPwilltaketheultimatebabypicture,an

imageoftheinfantuniversetakeninthefossillightthatisstillpresentfromtheBig

Bang,"hesays."Thisglow,thisradiation,istheoldestlightintheuniverse.Imprintedon

thisbackground,physicistsknew,wouldbethesecretsoftheBigBangitself."This

backgroundradiationisthelightandheatthattheearlycosmicsoupofmatteremitted.

Onceroilinghot,ithascooledovertheeonstojustafewdegreesaboveabsolutezero.It

wasoncethoughttobedistributedevenly.Butin1992,ahighlysensitiveNASAsatellite

namedCOBEdetectednearlyimperceptiblevariationsintemperatureastinyas30-

millionthsofadegree.[C4]."Thesepatternsresultfromtinyconcentrations

thatwereintheveryearlyuniversethatweretheseedsthatgrewtobecomethestarsand