考研英语（二）模拟试卷187

考研英语（二）模拟试卷187

一、完形填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaround(heworld,buthowcan

wctellwhenotherpeoplearchappyordisappointed?It[Cl]thattheexpression

ofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendliness

and[C2].Baringtheteethinahostileway,as[C3]byCharles

Darwininhisworkaboutevolutioninthenineteenthcentury,maybeauniversalsignof

anger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Darwinbelievedthattheuniversal

recognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhave[C4]value.[C5],

facialexpressionscould[C6]theapproachofenemies(orfriends)inthe

[C7]oflanguage.Mostinvestigatorsagreethatcertainfacialexpressions

suggestthe[C8]emotionsinpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Moreover,people

indiverseculturesrecognizechcemotions[C9]bythefacialexpressions.In

classicresearch,PaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsof

anger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldto

[CIO]whatemotionswerebeingdepictedinthem.Allgroups,whohadalmost

no[Cl1]withWesternculture,agreed[C12](heportrayedemotions.

Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmererecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftencultures

inwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthatmultipleenotionswereshownby

facialexpressions.Psychologicalresearchers[C13]recognizethatfacial

expressions[CI4]emotionalstates.[C15],variousemotionalstates

giverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrain.

Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,[C16],that(hecausalrelationship

betweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscan[CI7]workinthe[C18]

direction.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfrom(hefacialfeedbackare

[CIO]hacktoemotioncentersofthehrain,and0caperson'sfacialexpression

can[C20]thatperson'semotionalstate.ConsiderDarwin'swords:"Thefree

expressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,the

repression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions."Cansmiling

giverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?

1、(Cl]

A、figuresout

B、pointsout

C、turnsout

D、worksout

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句意为“事实,许多情绪的表达可能是相通的“。I【在该句中

作形式主语，不能发出真正的动作，而figuresout”算出，解决"、pointsout“指出”

和worksout”算出，解决”均必须是实体名词作主语,发出相应动作。Mitturnsout

that…意为"结果证明……”，故正确答案是C。

2、[C2]

A、rage

B、approval

C、hostility

D、objection

标准答案；B

知识点解析：本句意为“显然，微笑是友善和的普遍标志”。该题空格前有并

列连词and,故空格前后在词性上需保持一致。friendliness(友好)是积极词汇，因

此空格处所填单词也应为积极词汇。对比选项可知，B项符合题意。rage“愤怒”、

hostility“敌意”和objection"异议,反对”均与题意不符。

3、[C3]

A、proved

B、seen

C、noticed

D、noted

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句意为“正如19世纪查尔斯-达尔文所著文章,不怀好意的

咬牙切齿，可能是全球共识的愤怒象征空格处所在句子处于两个逗号中间，以

插入语的形式呈现出来，充当前面名词a。hostileway的后置定语，asnotedby...

为固定用法,意为“正如被……提及、指出”,符合题意。而proved“证明”、

seen”看见，理解"和noticed注意到”均与题意不符。

4、[C4]

A、survival

B、life

C、existence

D、maintenance

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“面部表情的普遍认知将具有价值由下文关键词

theapproachofeneniies(orfriends)可知,survivalvalue"生存价值”符合题意。lifb”生

活，4r.命“、existence“存在"和mainlenance”维护，维持”均与题意不符。故正确答

案是Ao

5、[C5]

A、Inprinciple

B、Aboveall

C、Onaverage

D^Forexample

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句意为“，在没有语言的情况下，面部表情可以敌人

（或朋友）的靠近。“观察选项可知，该题是逻辑关系题。且前一句说明“面部表情的

普遍认知有价值”；后一句说明“在没有语言的情况下，面部表情可以一一敌人或

朋友的接近。”很明显，空格后的内容解释说明面部表情有价值的原因，故前后内

容是例证关系，因此该题正确答案是Forexample。Inprinciple"原则上"、Above

all”最重要的是"和Onaverage“通常，平均''均与题意不符。

6、[C6]

A、indicate

B、signal

C、mean

D、identify

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句意为“面部表情可以敌人（或朋友）的靠近”。该题的四个选

项都含有“标志、表示“之意。indicate指明显的表示：signal常指约定俗成，用于传

达某些信息的信号；mean指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义；

identify意为“识别出”，通常“人”作主语，故排除掉。结合语境，正确答案是B。

7、[C7]

A、shortage

presence

C、absence

D、deficiency

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句意为“在语言的情况下根据题意可知，该句中填写词应

表示“缺少，不存在“，故首先可排除presence“存在”。剩下的选项语义相似，

shortage和deficiency,一般指主体在某些方面存在不足。absence“缺席，缺乏“，

常用于表示人的“缺席”，故正确答案是C。

8、[C8]

A、diverse

harmonious

C、same

D^different

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句意为“多数研究人员认为，某些面部表情在不同文化中暗含着一

-情绪结合该空格所在语境，且根据agreethat...（就……达成一致）可知，

same”相同的"与下文的different相对立，符合题意。diverse”多种多样的“、

haimonious”和谐的"和different“不同的”均与题意不符，故正确答案是C。

9、[C9]

A^manifested

B、demonstrated

C、illustrated

D、explained

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“不同文化的人们也能通过_____出来的面部表情识别情

绪“。bythefacialexpressions修饰其前面名词theemotions,该后置定语可还原为：

facialexpressionstheemotionso观察可知，四个选项都有“表明”的含义。

manifested强调清楚地表明（情感、态度、品质等），demonstrated强调用证据来证

明、说明某事，山uslraled主要指通过示例、图画来解释说明，expkuned强调通过

平实的语言等把比较难的问题或事情解释清楚。对比可知，正确答案是A。

10、[C10]

A、predict

B、forecast

C、anticipate

D、indicate

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句意为“然后，他让世界各地的人们去照片中的人是什么表

情”。picdicl“预测”，通常指基丁定的客观事实做出的预言，且其引导的句了要

用将来时；forecast“预测”，通常指天气预报和经济形势的预测；anticipale“预期”，

一般用anticipatedoing形式，A、B、C三项所预测的通常指没发生的事情。

indicate“预示，象征”，即有迹象表明，也有“指出，指认”之意。因此，正确答案是

Do

11、[C11]

A、contact

B、combine

C、compare

D、settle

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“那些几乎与西方文化没有的人们均照片中所

反映的表情本题考查参与实验的人和西方文化之间的关系。D项settle意为“定

居”,但是其通常与介词in搭配，而非wilh。纵观四个选项，contact“接触”符合题

意。combine“结合”和compare“比较”均与题意不符。

12、[C12]

A、with

B、on

C、in

D、to

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句意为“那些几乎与西方文化没有的人们均照片中所

反映的表情根据下文“埃克曼和他的同事们从近期的一项统计中得出了相同的结

论''可知，agreeon"就某事达成一致”符合题意。agreewithsb.“同意某人意见”、

agreein“达成协议”和agreeio”同意，答应”均与题意不符,

13、[C13]

A^generally

B、obviously

C、incidentally

D^presumably

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“心理研究者认为根据上下文，本句是对前面一系

列分析的总结，只有generally符合题意。obviously"显而易见地“、incidentally"偶

然地”和presumably“很可能”均与题意不符。

14、[C14]

A、embody

B、express

C、reflect

D、interpret

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句意为“面部表情情绪状态原文的宾语是emotional

stales,主语是facialexpressions,所以reflect"反映''符合题意。embody“体现”，通

常接”思想或品质“，express“表达”，指通过语言，表情或动作表达情感或想法，

interpret”阐释”，三项均与题意不符。

15、[C15]

A、Inaddition

B、Inbrief

C、Inturn

D、Infact

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句意为“,各种情绪状态会在面部肌肉和大脑中引起一定的

脑电活动前一句其指出心理学家认识到面部表情能够反映出情绪状态的变化，

后一句说明情绪状态的变化能够导致脑部或面部肌肉的变化。后一句话是对前一句

话的强调,详细阐释。纵观四个选项，Infact“事实上”符合题意。Inaddition"除此

之外”、【nbrie俨总之.简言之“和Inturn“反过来”均与题意不符。

16、[C16]

A、however

B、otherwise

C、therefore

D^moreover

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“，面部反馈假说认为……这道题考查句子间的逻

辑关系。其前一句说明情绪能够导致面部表情的变化，后一句指出面部表情反馈的

假设认为情感与表情间的偶然联系以相反的方向发挥作用。两句间是转折关系，故

however“然而”符合题意。otherwise“否则"、therefore“因此”和moreover”此外”均与

题意不符。

17、[C17]

A^thus

B、also

C、again

D^instead

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句意为“情绪和面部表情之间的因果关系可以在方向

发挥作用其前一句说明情绪能够导致面部表情的变化，而后文则指出这一表现

可以反过来进行，即一个人的面部表情与其情绪状态存在某种关联，只有also”而

且''符合题意。thus“因此”、inslead“相反”和again“又，再”均与题意不符。

18,[C18]

A^average

B、impossible

C^opposite

D、expected

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句意为“情绪和面部表情之间的因果关系可以在方向

发挥作用根据上下文可知，作者要表达的是“情绪与表情之间可以在相反的方向

发挥作用“，所以。pposite"相反的''符合题意。average“普通的"、impossible“不可能

的”和expected”预期的”均与题意不符。

19、[C19]

A、dated

B、traced

C、resulted

D^sent

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句意为“来自面部反馈的信号会被回大脑的情感中心”。根据

题意可知。sentbackto"送回，退还”符合题意。datebackto表示“回顾,回溯”,意

思等同于（raceback2,所以两者均排除。resulted“造成"无法与back相搭配，不符

合题意。

20、[C20]

A^influence

B、shape

C、infect

D、feature

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“因此一个人的面部表情可以他的情绪状态本题宾

语是emotionalstate,所以influence”影响”符合题意。shape“形成"、infect”感染"和

feature*^……为特色”均与题意不符。

二、阅读理解(本题共25题，每题分，共25分。)

Globalwarmingcausedbyhumanemissionsofgreenhousegasesishavingcleareffects

inthephysicalworld:moreheatwaves,heavierrainstormsandhighersealevels,tocitea

few.Inrecentyears,though,socialscientistshavebeenwrest'ingwithamurkyquestion:

Whatwillclimatechangemeanforhumanwelfare?Forecastsinthisrealmarctricky,

necessarilybasedonalongchainofassumptions.Scientificpapershavepredictedeffects

asvariedasagreaterspreadoftropicaldiseases,fewerdeathsfromcoldweatherand

morefromhotweather,andevenbumpierridesonairplanes.Nowcomesanotherentryin

(hisliterature:aprediction(hatinahotterworld,peoplewillgetlesssleep.Inapaper

publishedonlineFridaybythejournalScienceAdvances,NickObradovichandhis

colleaguespredictedmorerestlessnights,especiallyinihesummer,asglobal

temperaturesrise.Theyfoundthatthepoor,whoarelesslikelytohaveair-conditioning

orbeabletorunit,aswellastheelderly,whohavemoredifficultyregulatingtheirbody

temperature,wouldbehithard.Ifglobalemissionsareallowedtocontinueatahigh

level,thepaperfound,thenadditionalnightsofsleeplessnesscanbeexpectedbeyond

whatpeoplenormallyexperience.By2050,forevery100Americans,anextrasixnights

ofsleeplessnesscanbeexpectedeverymonth,theresearcherscalculated.By2099,that

wouldmorethandouble,to14additionalnightsoftossingandturningeachmonthfor

every100people,intheirestimation.Researchershavelongknownthatbeingtoohotor

toocoldatnightcandisturbanyone'ssleep,hutnobodyhadthoughttoaskhowthat

mightaffectpeopleinaworldgrownhotterbecauseofclimatechange.Tocalculatethe

effectofwarmertemperaturesinthefuture,Dr.Obradovichturnedtodatacollectedby

(heCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,whichaskspeopleinasurveytorecall

(heirsleeppatternsin(hepreviousmonth.Sureenough,hefoundacorrelationbetween

highertemperaturesinparticularcitiesanddisturbedsleepasreportedbytheirresidents.

Tomakeforecasts,hedrewoncomputerestimatesofhowhotparticularplaceswillgetif

greenhouseemissionscontinueatahighlevel.Dr.Obradovichacknowledgedthata

surveyaboutsleepoverthepreviousmonthwassubjecttothevagariesofmemory.More

definitiveresearchwouldinvolveputtinglotsofpeopleinasleeplaboratoryand

manipulatingthetemperaturetoseewhathappened."Thoseidealdatadon'texistand

wouldbeprohibitivelyexpensivetocollect,"hesaid.

21、Theword"murky"(Para.l)isclosestinmeaningto.

A、considerate

B、redicuious

C、easy

D、complicated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：含义题。根据题干关犍词定位到文章第一段第二句。wrestlewi由意

为“全力对付；努力克服“，由此可知murky一词所修饰的“问题”难以解决。故D

项“复杂的”为正确答案。considerate“体贴的"、redicuious“荒谬的”和easy“容易的”

均与题意不符，故本题选D。

22、Accordingtothescientificpapers,whichofthefollowingisNOTthepredicted

effectofclimatechange?

A^Thespreadofdiseasesintropicalareas.

B、Thedeprivationofhumansleep.

C、Theincreaseofdeathsduetocoldweather.

D^Theaugmentofunpleasantflyingtrips.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段第二句。该段指出科学论

文预言的相关影响，其包括“热带病更广泛的传播叩寒冷天气导致的死亡减少、炎

热天气导致的死亡增加”“飞行旅途变得更加颠簸”“人类睡眠的减少”，由此可知C

项“由于寒冷天气导致的死亡人数增加”错误，故本题选Co

23、Inthepaper,NickObradovichandhiscolleaguespredicted.

A^sixnightsofsleeplessnessforevery100Americansby2050

B、thepoorandtheoldtobeinfluencedstronglybytheclimatechange

C、14extranightsofsleeplessnesseachmonthfortheAmericansby2099

clearlytheeffectsofglobalwarming

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三、四段。这两段指出奥布拉

多维奇博士和他的同事对全球气温升高影响的预测。A项意为“到2050年，每100

个美国人有六个失眠夜”，第四段第二句关键信息”到2050年，每100名美国人一

个月预计会增加六个不眠之夜”，A项与之相比少了everymonth（每个月），故错

误。C项意为“到2099年，美国人每月有14个额外失眠之夜”，第四段第三句关键

信息”到2099年，每100人一个月辗转难眠的夜晚会增加到14个“，C项与之相比

少了every100Americans（每100个美国人），致使其表达不够准确，故错误。D项

意为“准确地预测全球变暖的影响"，clearly（准确地）一词过于绝对，故错误。B项

意为“穷人和老年人深受气候变化的影响”，其与第三段最后一句“他们发现，不太

可能拥有或使用空调的穷人，以及更难调节自身体温的老人，也许会受到严重影

响'湘吻合，因此正确,故本题选B。

24、WiththedatacollectedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Dr.

Obradovich.

A、discoveredtherelationshipbetweenhighertemperatureandrestlessnights

B、askedpeopletorecalltheirsleepingstates

C、foundouttheinfluenceofmemorychangesonpeople'ssleepingconditions

D、dependedoncomputersestimatestomakepredictions

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第五、六段。B项意为“要求人

们回想自己的睡眠状态”，其是美国疾病控制与预防中心要求人们做的事情，并非

奥布拉多维奇博士，故错误。C项意为“发现了记忆变化对人们睡眠状况的影响”，

笫六段第一句则是“奥布拉多维奇承认，对前一个月的睡眠情况进行的调查会受记

忆力变化的影响”，C项与之相比有出入，故错误。D项意为“依靠计算机评估进行

预测”，第六段最后一句则是“为了进行预测，他利用了计算机来演算……”，故错

误。A项意为',发现高温与不安夜晚之间的关系”.其与第五段第二句“果然，他在

某些城市发现了气温升高和民众反映的睡眠受到干扰之间的联系”相吻合，故本题

选Ao

25、Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

A、TheClimateChangeforHumanWelfare

B、ConsequencesofGlobalWanning

C、AnEffectofClimateChange,YouCouldReallyLoseSleepOver

D、AScientificP叩erbyDr.Obradovich

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主匕题。分析文章可知，其笫段提出疑问，即“气候变化对人类的

健康意味着什么“。第二段指出气候变暖后人类的睡眠会减少。第三至六段则科学

地分析“气候变暖导致人类睡眠减少''这一结论。C项意为，这个气候变化的恶果会

让你夜不能寐其与文章相吻合，故本题选C。

ThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferentthanever

before.Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars,accordingtoanewPewResearchCenter

survey.Thereareusuallytwoparents,whospendalotoftimereadingtochildrenand

worryingabouttheiranxietylevelsandhecticschedules.Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,

childrenaremorelikelytogrowupinneighborhoodsthat(heirparentssayaren'tgreat

forraisingchildren,andtheirparentsworryaboutthemgettingshot,beatenuporin

troublewiththelaw.Theclassdifferencesinchildrearingaregrowing,researcherssay—

asymptomofwideninginequalitywithfar-reachingconsequences.Differentupbringings

setchildrenondifferentpathsandcandeepensocioeconomicdivisions,especially

becauseeducationisstronglylinkedtoearnings.Childrengrowuplearningtheskillsto

succeedintheirsocioeconomicstratum,butnotnecessarilyothers.Americanparents

wantsimilarthingsfortheirchildren,thePewreportandpastresearchhavefound:for

themtobehealthyandhappy,honestandethical,caringandcompassionate.Thereisno

bestparentingstyleorphilosophy,researcherssay,andacrossincomegroups,92percent

ofparentssaytheyaredoingagoodjobatraisingtheirchildren.Yettheyaredoingit

quitedifferently.Middle-classandhigher-incomeparentsseetheirchildrenasprojectsin

needofcarefulcultivation,saysAnnetteLareau.Theytrytodeveloptheirskillsthrough

closesupervisionandorganizedactivities,and(eachchildrentoquestionauthority

figuresandnavigateeliteinstitutions.Working-classparents,meanwhile,believetheir

childrenwillnaiurallythrive,andgive(hemfargreaterindependenceandtimeforfree

play.Theyaretaughttobecompliantanddeferentialtoadults.Therearebenefitstoboth

approaches.Working-classchildrenarehappier,moreindependent,whilelessandare

closerwithfamilymembers,Ms.Larcaufound.Higher-incomechildrenarcmorelikely

todeclareboredomandexpecttheirparentstosolvetheirproblems.Yetlateron,the

moreaffluentchildrenendupincollegeandenroutetothemiddleclass,whileworking­

classchildrentendtostruggle.Childrenfromhigher-incomefamiliesarelikelytohave

(heskillstonavigatebureaucraciesandsucceedinschoolsandworkplaces,Ms.Lareau

said.

26、AccordingtoParagraph1,parentsfrompoorfamilycareabouttheir

children.

A、breaking(helaw

readingcapacity

C、anxietylevels

D、hecticschedules

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段最后一句，即…andtheir

parentsworryabout(hemgettingshot,beatenuporintroublewiththelaw。A项

breakingthelaw是introublewiththelaw的同义替换，故正确。分析该段第三句

Thereareusuallytwoparents,whospendaloloftimereadingtochildrenandworrying

aboutiheiranxielylevelsandheclicschedules可知，B>C^D三项均是富裕家庭父

母所担心孩子状况的体现，故本题选Ao

27、Whichofthefollowingaboutgrowingclassdifferenceinchildren'sgrowth

environmentisTRUE?

A、Itisasymbolofaggravatingunfairness.

Itcannarrowsocioeconomicdivisions.

C、Itmakeschildrenreceivesimilareducation.

D、Itdoesn'thavedirectinfluenceonchildren.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第：段首句Theclassdifferences

inchildrearingaregrowing,researcherssay一asymptomof...vA项symbolof

aggravatingunfairness是该句symptomofwideninginequality的同义替换，故正确。

B项“缩小社会经济的差距”与原文deepensocioeconomicdivisions意思相悖。C项

并不能直接在文中找到相关信息，但通过especiallybecauseeducationisstrongly

linkedtoearnings.Childrengrowuplearningtheskillstosucceedintheir

socioeconomicstratum,butnotnecessarilyothers可推断出“不同环境下的孩子将接受

不同的教育“，故该项错误。同时，第二段总体上都在讲述阶级差异对社会、孩子

自身的影响，D项所表达的意思与之相悖，可排除掉，故本题选A。

28、AccordingtoParagraph3,howdoparentsfrommoreaffluentfamiliesbringuptheir

children?

A、Theyletchildrenstayawayfromtheelite.

B、Theytbcusoncultivatingtheirchildren'sskill.

C、Theyteachchildrentobeobedienttoauthority.

D、Theygivechildrenmorefreedomandtime.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段第四句Middle-classand

higher-incomeparentsseetheirchildrenasprojects…题干关波伺moreaffluentfamilies

与该句中Middle-classandhigher-incomeparents同义。A项letchildrenstayaway

fromtheelite（让孩子远离精英）与文中navigateeliteinstitutions（出入于精英机构）意

思相反，故错误。C项lobeobedienttoauthority（服从权威）是第三段最后一句tobe

compliantanddeferentialtoadults（要顺从成年人，对成年人要尊敬）的同义替换，但

其是working-classparents养育子女的方式，故错误。D项“给孩子更多的时间和自

由''也是工薪阶层的父母培养子女的方式，故错误。B项cullivatingtheirchildren's

skill与原文Theytrytodeveloptheirskills所表达意思一致,其中cultivate,navigate

均有“培养；发展”之意，故本题选B。

29According（oMs.Lareau.comparedwithchildrenraisedinpoorfamily,therich

onesare.

A^moreintimatewithfamily

B、moreself-governed

C^moresuccessfulinworkplace

D、lesslikelytocomplain

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段。由第四段第二句

Working-classchildrenarchappier,moreindependent,whilelessandarecloserwith

familymembers可知，A项中的intimate是该句关键词close的同义替换，B项中

self-governed是independent的同义替换，D项中的lesscomplain与文中whileless

表达含义一致。但A、B、D三项均是“工薪家庭”孩子的表现，故A、B、D三项

均错误，故本题选C。

30、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedifferenceofchildren,sgrowthenvironments

is.

A、critical

B、appreciative

C、objective

D、favorable

标准答案：C

知识点解析：态度题。纵观全文可知，作者分别阐述了富裕和贫穷家庭环境对孩子

成长的影响，各有利弊。因此，作者对这种差异性持客观、公正的态度。A项“批

判的“、B项“赏识的；承认有价值的”和D项”赞成的，赞许的”，均错误，故本题

选C。

Socialscientistshavebeentryingtoidentify(heconditionsmostlikelytopromote

satisfyinghumanlives.Theirfindingsgivesomeimportantcluesaboutchoosingacareer:

Moneymatters,butastheeconomistRichardEastcrlinandandothershavedemonstrated,

notalwaysinthewaysyoumaythink.Considerthisthoughtexperiment.Supposeyou

hadtochoosebetweentwoparallelworldsthatwerealikeexceptthatpeopleinonehad

significantlyhigherincomes.Ifyouoccupiedthesamepositionintheincomedistribution

inboth一say,asamedianearner-therewouldbecompellingreasonsfbrchoosingthe

richerworld.Afterall,societieswithhigherincomestendalsotoenjoycleanerairand

waler,betterschools,lessnoisyenvironments,saferworkingconditions,longerlife

expectancyandmanyotherobviousbenefits.Butcontextalsomatters.Ifyoufaceda

choicebetweenbeingarelativelylowearnerinahigh-incomesocietyorbeingnearthe

topinasocietyinwhichyourincomewaslowerinabsoluteterms,theanswerwouldbe

lessclear.Iftheincomedifferencewasverysmaltbeingatopearnerinthepoorerworld

wouldprobablybemoresatisfying.Yourhousewouldbesmallerinabsoluteterms,but

becauseitwouldbebiggerthanmostotherpeople's,youwouldbemorelikelytoregard

itasadequate.It'snotjustthatmoremoneydoesn'tprovideastraightforwardincreasein

happiness.Socialscienceresearchalsounderscorestheimportanceoffocusingcarefully

onthemanywaysinwhichjobsdifferalongdimensionsotherthanpay.Aseconomists

havelongknown,jobsthatoffermoreattractiveworkingconditions—greaterautonomy,

fbrexample,orbetteropportunitiesforlearning,orenhancedworkplacesafety—also

tendtopayless.Thehappinessliteraturehasidentifiedoneofthemostdeeplysatisfying

humanpsychologicalstatestobeonecalled"flow".Itoccurswhenyouaresoimmersed

inanactivitythatyoulosetrackofthepassageoftime.Ifyoucanlandajobthatenables

youtoexperiencesubstantialperiodsofflow,youwillbeamongthemostfortunate

peopleontheplanet.What'smore,astheyearspass,youwillalmostsurelydevelopdeep

expertisea(whateverilisyou'vebeendoing.

31、Bysaying"Moneymatters...notalwaysinthewaysyoumaythink"(Para.l),the

authormeansmoney.

A、countsinfindingjobs

B、isessentialyetnotnecessarilywhatpeoplethinkofitinjobhunting

C、differsfromtheconceptformedbypeopleinchoosingjobs

D、isnotanimportantelementinpursuingjobs

标准答案：B

知识点解析：含义题。根捱题干关键词定位到文章第•段第二句Money

matters...notalwaysinthewaysyoumaythinkmatter意为"事关紧要”,notalwaysin

thewaysyoumaythink意为“并全总是如你想象的那样”，放在一起可理解为“金钱

是很重要，它在其中起到的作用并非你想象的那样A项中的count意为“重要”，

但该项并没有强调“它在其中起到的作用并非你想象的那样“，表述片面。C项强调

“金钱与人们在找工作的过程中所形成的金钱观念不一样”，很明显该项错误。D项

意为“金钱在找工作中不重要”，因此可排除掉，故本题选B。

32、Peoplechoosetobeatopearnerinthepoorerworldbecausethey.

A^areupsetwhenbeingalewearnerinaricherworld

B、gainhappinesswhenbeingatopearnerin(hepoorerword

C>meettheirvanity

D^fulfil)theirdesire

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段。该段第二句Yourhouse

wouldhesmallerinabsoluteterms,butbecauseitwouldbebiggerthanmostother

people's意为“你的房子绝对面积会更小，但因为它比你所在社会其他大多数人的

房子大，所以你更有可能认为它足够大由此可知，人们从与他人相比中得到某

种满足感。A项“在富有环境中挣得少会难受”在文章中并未提及。B项“在贫穷环

境中挣得多会增进幸福感”是第五段的内容。C项“满足人们的虚荣心”较D项“满足

他们的欲望”更符合文意，故本题选C。

33、Accordingtosocialscienceresearch,whichisNOTthatimportantinevaluating

jobs?

A、Morerighttohandleaffairs.

B、Enviablewages.

C、Betterchancesforenrichingoneself.

D^Improvedsafetycondition.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段。A项”更多的权利去处

理事情”是对greaterautonomy的同义替换。C项“更好的机会充实自己”是对文中

betteropportunitiesforlearning的同义替换。D项“改善的安全环境”是对文中

enhancedworkplacesafety的同义替换，采用排除法，故本题选B。

34、Judgingfromthecontext,theword"flow"mostprobablymeans.

A^continuousmovement

B、absorbedstate

C、activemind

D、passingoftime

标准答案：D

知识点解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段第二句Itoccurswhen

youaresoimmersedinanactivitythatyoulosetrackofthepassageoftime,由J出口J

知，D项为正确答案。A项“不间断地运动”是flow的字面含义。B项“投入的状态”

及C项”活跃的思维”均不符合题意，故本题选D。

35、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

A、MoneyIsEssentialYetnotNecessarilyImportant

B、ContextCountsinJobHunting

C、TheIncalculableValueofFindingaJobYouLove

D、TheHappinessLiterature

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。纵观文章可知，其前五段说明影响找工作的因素，即金钱、

背景、更具吸引力的条件。最后一段说明找到好的工作并投身于其中的好处，由此

可知C项较符合文意。A、B两项只是文章的一个方面，D项h叩pinessliteralure在

文章最后一段出现过，却不足以概括全文主旨，故本题选C。

LONDON—Securityexpertsarewarningthat(heglobalcyberattackthatbeganon

Fridayislikelytobemagnifiedinthenewworkweekasusersreturntotheirofficesand

turnontheircomputers.Manyworkers,particularlyinAsia,hadalreadyloggedoffon

Fridaywhenthemalicioussoftware,stolenfromtheUnitedStatesgovernment,began

proliferatingacrosscomputersystemsaroundtheworld.Sothetrueimpactoftheattack

mayemergeonMondayasemployeesreturnandlogin.Moreover,copycatvariantsof

themalicioussoftwarebehindtheattacksarclikelytospread,sincethemalwareuses

mostlyopcn-sourcccodeandiseasilyreplicable.RobWainwright,theexecutivedirector

ofEuropol,saidonSundaythattheattackshadhit200,000computersinmorethan150

countries.AmongtheorganizationshitwereFedExintheUnitedStates,theSpanish

telecomgiantTelefonica,theFrenchautomakerRenault,universitiesinChina,

Germany'sfederalrailwaysystemandRussia'spowerfulInteriorMinistry.Themost

disruptiveattacksinfectedBritain'spublichealthsystem,wheresurgerieshadtobe

rescheduledandsomepatientswereturnedawayfromemergencyrooms.NancyHarper,

whowenttothehospitalforanX-ray,said:"Il'sconcerningthattheN.H.S.was

dependentontheseoutdatedsystems.Ifyouraveragepersonhasaccess(ocheapcloud

storagethesedays,thenhospitalsshouldbeusingsimilarbackupmethods.Ihopethis

wasawake-upcall.""Wecouldseemoreattacksifpeoplestarttocopycatthisattack,"

MatthieuSuicheadded.A22-year-oldBritishresearcherwhousestheTwittername

MalwareTechhasbeencreditedwithinadvertentlyhelpingtostanchthespreadofthe

assaultbyidentifyingthewebdomainforthehackers'"killswitch"—awayofdisabling

themalware.Governmentsaroundtheworldwerebracingthemselvesforthestartofthe

workweek."ThisiscrucialforbusinesseswhenreopeningonMonday:Pleasebeaware

andanticipate,andtakepreventivestepsagainsttheWannaCrymalwareattack,"

Indonesia'scommunicationandinformationminister,Rudianlara,wholikemany

Indonesiansusesonlyonename,saidatanewsconference.Headvisedthosehitbythe

malwareagainstpaying(he$300to$600inBitcoindemandedasransomtoregainaccess

toencrypteddata,sincetherewasnoassurancethattheextortionistswoulddecryptthe

filesaspromised.

36、AccordingtoParagraph1,whichoneofthefollowingaboutmalicioussoftwareis

NOTtrue9

A、ItcomesfromtheUnitedStatesgovernment.

B、Whenitisreleased,(hetrueimpactofattackemergesimmediately.

C、Thereproductivevariantsofitarelikelytotransmit.

D、Itiseasilycopied.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段。A项与原文stolenfrom

(heUnitedStatesgovernment出处一致。C、D两项中关键词reproductivevariants,

transmit和copied可在该段最后一句Moreover,copycatvariantsofthemalicious

softwarebehindtheattacksarelikelytospread,sincethemalwareusesmostlyopen-

sourcecodeandiseasilyreplicable中找到相关信息，其中iransmii(传播)，copied(复

制)分别是该句中spread和replicable的同义转化。B项意为“恶意软件从互联网上

释放出来M.这次攻击的真正影响就立即表现出来''，根据选项关键词trueimpaci

可定位至悌三句Sothetrueimpactof