Unit1 课文填空与翻译-2022-2023学年高二上学期英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

本套课文填空旨在于帮助学生在语境中，通过词性，词语固定搭配和主题内容，积累词块，扩大词汇量。通过填空启发学生思维，强化语感，迁移语用能力，最终做到词汇沉淀内化。避免了学生只朗读，不思考或对知识点把握不足情况。每篇课文词汇表中黑体词汇、重要写作热点句型和短语以汉译英形式体现，非黑体词汇以英译汉形式体现，长难句主要让学生盲填连词为主，以帮助学生思考句子结构。本练习适用于新授课或高三总复习中大部分学生精读精讲后的巩固练习，优秀生也可直接以练代讲，有利于把握重点，进行自主学习。Unit1ScienceandscientistsReadingandThinking（P2）JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”Para.1Cholerausedtobeoneof1.____________(fear)diseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscauses2.________（严重的）diarrhoea,dehydration,andeven3._______(die).4._____________________________（在19世纪初）,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeopledied5._______thedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame6._________（沮丧）becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,he7._____(rise)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattended8._____QueenVictoriawhenshe9.___________（分娩）.10.___________,heneverlosthisdesire11.__________(destroy)cholera12._____________________（最终地,彻底地）.Para.21.___________（一般而言）,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo2.____________（相互矛盾的）theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywas3._______badaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholera4._____________(cause)byan5.____________fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snow6._______________（赞同）thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneeded7._________（证据）.8.______________(consequence),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere9.________morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdetermined11._________(find)outwhy.Para.3Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces1.__________allthosewhodiedhadlived.Therewere2._____________（数量多的；多种多样的）deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,some3.____________（家庭）(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.They4._________________(give)freebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snow5.__________（怀疑）thatthewaterpumpwas6._______________(blame).WhatismoreinanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddied7._____choleraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.8.________________（似乎）thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit9.____________(deliver)toherhouseeveryday.As10._____resultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.11._____________,(accord)hehadthe12.________（手柄；把手）ofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthis13._____________（介入；出面；干涉）,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.Para.4Thetruthwas1.______thewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump2.___________________(infect)bywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowa3._________（联系；纽带）betweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThames4._______waspollutedby5._______（未经处理的）waste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterwere6.___________(like)togetcholerathanthosewhodrank7._______（干净的；纯的）orboiledwater.Para.5ThroughSnow's1._______(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthe2._________（威胁）ofcholeraaroundtheworldsawa3._____________________________（持续地降低）.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.4.______________(fortunate),weknowhowtopreventcholera,thanks5.______theworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsand6._____________（统计数学；统计资料；统计学）,Snow7.____________（使改观；使改变形态）thewayscientiststudydiseases.8._____thisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.参考答案：Para.11.themostfeared2.severe3.death4.Intheearly19thcentury5.from6.frustrated7.rose8.to9.gavebirth10.However11.todestroy12.onceandforallPara.21.Ingeneral2.contradictory3.that4.wascaused5.infection6.subscribedto7.proof8.Consequently9.that10.tofindPara.31.where2.multiple3.households4.hadbeengiven5.suspected6.toblame7.of8.Itseemedthat9.delivered10.a11.Accordingly12.handle13.interventionPara.41.that2.hadbeeninfected3.link4.that5.raw6.morelikely7.purePara.51.tireless2.threat3.substantialdecrease4.Fortunately5.to6.statistics7.transformed8.For霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一,直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺向我们展示了如何才能战胜霍乱。这种疾病会导致严重腹泻、脱水,甚至死亡。19世纪初,欧洲爆发霍乱,数百万人死于霍乱。作为一名年轻的医生,约翰·斯诺变得沮丧,因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。很快,他成为了一位著名的医生,甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。然而,他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。一般来说,当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。一种理论认为是空气不好导致了这种疾病。另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的,但他还需要证据。因此,1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时,斯诺开始进行调查。他发现有两条街道的霍乱疫情非常严重,十天内有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。下雪的开始是在地图上标出所有死去的人居住过的确切地点。BroadStreet的水泵附近有多人死亡（尤其是16号、37.38号和40号房子）。但是,有些家庭（如20和21BroadStreet,8和9Cambridge没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。他们得到了免费啤酒,所以没有喝水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵造成的。更糟糕的是,在伦敦的另一个地方,一名妇女和她的女儿在离开布罗德街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水,所以她每天都要把水送到她家里。作为这一证据的结果,约翰斯诺能够宣布水泵的水携带霍乱病菌。因此,他把泵的手柄取下,使其无法使用。通过这一干预措施,疾病得以遏制。事实是,街上水泵的水已经被垃圾污染了,而且,斯诺后来发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售被未经处理的废水污染的泰晤士河的水。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。通过斯诺的不懈努力,自来水公司开始销售清洁水,全球霍乱的威胁也大幅减少。然而,霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年,全世界有数百万人感染霍乱,许多人死于霍乱。幸运的是,多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作,我们知道如何预防霍乱。此外,斯诺在使用地图和统计学的过程中,改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此,斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。Unit1UsingLanguage（P.7）THEFATHEROFCHINA’S__________（航空航天工业）Para.1Perhapsnootherscientisthashada1._________(great)impactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.2.____________(describe)bytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesen3._______amanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit"whowas4.__________（爱国的）andservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,and5._____________(devote),Qianwasan6.____________(extreme)well-respectedman.Para.21.________(bear)inHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity2.___________(study)Railway3.____________（机械的；发动机的）Engineering.However,aftertheSonghuBattle4._____________（爆发）in1932,Qianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajorto5._____（航空制造业；航空；飞行）becausehe6._________(real)thatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectand7.__________（保卫）thecountry.Para.3QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehis1.______________（研究生学习）.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmerican2._______（喷气式飞机）androckettechnology.Asagraduate3.______(assist)attheCaliforniainstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion,and4.________________（在20世纪40年代）,heandseveralotherpeoplefoundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'S5.________(lead)space-explorationcentres.Para.4Afterovercomingsome1.____________（difficult）duringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasput2._________________（掌管；负责）notonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceand3.__________（导弹）programme.Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewas4.__________（develop）.NoinstituteoruniversityinChinaofferedrocketscience5.____amajor,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfieldinChina.6.__________,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.When7._______（ask）"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”hisreplywasa8._____________（determine）"Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake.”Para.5UnderQian’s1.____________（领导）,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,2.__________(follow)bythefirstgenerationof3.___________________________（长征火箭）.In1970,China4.__________（success）launcheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobe5._________（追溯；追踪）backtoQian'sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof"6.____________________________________（中国航天之父）.”Para.6Qianreadalotandwasextremely1______________（knowledge）,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,2._______mighthavemadehimsuchan3.____________（优秀的；杰出的）andcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehim4.__________（inspire）inhisscientificresearch.Para.7______________________（在2009年10月31日）,thewholecountrywas2._______(sad)byQiansdeath,andpeople3.___________(honor)andrememberedhimindifferentways.参考答案标题：AEROSPACEPara.11.greater2.Described3.as4.patriotic5.devotion6.extremelyPara.21.Born2.tostudy3.Mechanical4.brokeout5.aviation6.realised7.defendPara.31.graduatestudies2.jet3.assistant4.inthe1940s5.leadingPara.41.difficulties2.inchargeof3.missile4.undeveloped5.as6.Nevertheless7.asked8.determinedPara.51.leadership2.followed3.LongMarchrockets4.successfully5.traced6.thefatherofChina’saerospacePara.61.knowledgeable2.what3.outstanding4.inspirationPara.71.On31October20092.saddened3.honoured中国航天之父也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬,《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人,并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献成就斐然。钱学森1911年生于杭州,在北京上学,后来考入上海交通大学,学习铁道机械工程。不过,1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。1935年,钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代,钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时,钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代,钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室,该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探素中心之一。留学美国的最后几年,钱学森克服困难,于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候,中国还很贫穷,火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业,而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而,钱学森并不气馁,而是接受挑战。有人问他:“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗?他的回答十分坚定:“有什么不能的,外国人能造出来的,我们中国人同样能造得出来。”在钱学森的领导下,中国研制出了“东风”导弹,紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年,中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究,因此钱学森被誉为”中国航天之父“。钱学森博览群书,尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。2009年10月31日,钱学森逝世,举国哀痛,人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他。A

WORLDOFPURETHOUGHT一个纯思维的世界Para.1StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand

1._______（有天赋的）

scientistsinphysics.Mostpeople

2.___________________（熟悉）

imagesofhiminhiswheelchairunabletomoveand3.______(use)acomputertotalk.Sincehe

camedown4.________

adiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneof

5.___________（抽象的）

thought.Para.2Hawkingfirst

achievedfame

whenhewasstillhealthyenough6._________（work）,asa7.________________（研究生）inphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.8.

_______________（总的来说）,

thereweretwomaintheories

on

9.___________________________（宇宙的起源）.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory10.（）,whichholdsthattheuniversehasno11.___________(begin)orend.12._______otherwasthebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniverse

beganatasinglepoint

intimeandspace.Thebiggestchampionofthesteadystate

concept

wasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle’s13.__________（讲座）,Hawkingstoodupand

pointedout

thatHoyle14.___________(make)amistake

inhismaths.Oncethemaths15.______________(correct),itshowedthatthebigbangtheory—andnotthesteadystatetheory—wastrue.Hawking’sownwork16._______thebigbangtheorywassoonprovenby

17.__________（天文学家）

with

18.___________（望远镜）.Astarwasborn.Para.3So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?1._________being

brilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessin2.__________hesaidordid.He

was3._______(will)to

saywhatothers

wereafraidto

say,andto

dreamof

4.________otherswereafraidto

dreamabout.Furthermore5.（）,hewasquite6.____________(determine).Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimeven7.________(much)

inhisfight8._________

hisdisease.

9.________________（最重要的是）,Hawkingwaswillingto10._________________________（承认他的错误）.Thisodd11._____________(combine)ofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21st12._____________（世纪）.参考答案Para.1gifted2.arefamiliarwith3.using4.with5.abstractPara.26.towalk7.graduatestudent8.Ingeneral9.theoriginof

theuniverse10.稳恒态理论11.beginning12.The13.lectures14.had

made15.wascorrected16.on17.astronomers18.telescopesPara.31.Besides2.what3.willing4.what5.此外6.determined7.more8.against9.Aboveall10.admithis

faults11.combination12.centuries史蒂芬・霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。

霍金最早成名于1964年,当时他身体健康,行动自如,是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说,宇宙起源有两大理论:第一个是稳恒态理论,认为宇宙无始无终;另一个是大爆炸理论,认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德・霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中,霍金在问答环节站了起来,指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久,天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙,验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。那么,是什么使史蒂芬・霍金成为一名天オ呢?除了才华横溢之外,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话,做别人不敢做的梦。此外,他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家,还是与病魔作斗争,这种品质对他都大有帮助,最重要的是,霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。Unit1ReadingandWriting(WorkbookP64)AlANDHUMANBEINGS1.___________________________________________________（有没有可能让机器像人类一样思考）?Thisisonequestioninresearch2.____________________________________（在人工智能领域）,or"AI”.Tothinklikeahuman,itinvolvesfeelings,morality3.（）,hopes,anddreams,Humansarecapableof4.（）makingdecisionsbythemselveswithoutinputfromothers,andtheycanlearnfromexperience.In5._______(add),humansareabletocreatethingsfromtheirown6.______________(inspire)fortheirownpleasure.Thequestionis7.__________machinescaneverreallythinkinalltheseaspects.Theideaofacomputerthatisall-powerfulandcanthinkandmakedecisionsforitself8._________(terrify)manypeople.Insomefilms,Alevendecidesthatallhumansmust9._____________(kill).ManypeoplearealsoconcernedthatAI10.______________(use)toreplacehumans.Yetothers11.______________(comfort)bythethoughtofAl.MaybewithAl,robotscanbemadetoreplace12._______(love)oneswhohavedied.Today,the13.___________(create)ofanall-powerfulcomputercapableofhumanthoughtisstillinprogress.Wehavecompanionrobots,anditis14.________(like)thattheywillgrowmoreimportantinourlives15._________________________（随着时间的流逝）.However,theneed16.______suchrobotsdoesnotseemtobeascriticalasourheadforintelligentmachinesthatcansolveproblemsbylearningfromtheirobservationsandexperience.Forexample,AlisalreadybeingusedwithgreatsuccessinInternetsearchenginesandasapersonal17._________(assist)inoursmartphones.Itlearnsfromourhabitstohelpusfind18._______wewantandlike.Alisalsousedtodiagnoseproblemsandsuggest19.___________(solve).ResearchersarealsoexperimentingwiththeuseofAlin20.____________(drive)carswhichcansensetheirsurroundingsanddecideonthebestwaytoreachadestination.Itisalsobeingusedineducation,21.__________(particular)inonlinecourses.Furthermore,industriesthatuserobotsfor22.__________(repeat)ordangerousworkoftenturntoAl23.__________(manage)theseelectronicworkers.Inaddition,virt