英语畅谈中国文化（第二版） 课件 Unit 1 The Wisdom of Confucius

英语畅谈中国文化IntroducingChineseCultureinEnglish(第二版)TheWisdomofConfuciusNavigationEmbarkationExplorationResources1UnitDestinationTograspthecoreconcepts—renandli—andunderstandthelogicalpathfromself-cultivationtosocialharmony.NavigationLearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesTobeabletoexplainConfucianideasinEnglishanddevelopproficiencyinreadingphilosophicaltexts.TocultivateappreciationoftraditionalChinesephilosophyanditsenduringvalueinpromotingethicalconductandbuildingaharmonioussociety.KnowledgeAbilityValuesEmbarkationLead-inPreparingDecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1)KongFuzi,alsoknownasConfucius,isaninfluentialphilosopherandeducator.2)ConfuciusiswidelyregardedasthefounderofDaoism.3)The

AnalectswasrecordedandcompiledbythestudentsofConfucius.4)ConfuciusisconsideredChina’sfirstprivateteachertoeducatelargenumbersofstudents.Lead-inEmbarkationLead-inFTTFListentotherecordingandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.PreparingEmbarkationPreparingBornin551BC,Confucius,Kongzi,hasmadethegreatestcontributiontoChinesecultureofanyoneinhistory.Althoughhewas1)______inapoorfamily,hevisitedfamousscholarsandlearnedalot.Hedevelopedhisthoughtsintoa2)_______ofphilosophyknownasConfucianism.Confucianismemphasizedself-cultivation,harmonious3)____________witheachotherandrespectfortheelderly.Friendsshouldbe4)_______toeachother.raisedsystemhonestrelationshipsEmbarkationPreparingRulersshouldmakeanefforttoprovideahappylifeforpeople.Hewasagreatteacheraswelland5)_________educationforordinarypeople.Hetraveledaroundtopromotehispoliticalthinkingbutfailed.Buthenevergaveup.KongziisagreatChinese6)_______leader.Overthelast2,000years,hisphilosophyhascontinuedto7)_________Chinaandtherestoftheworld.Itisalsoregardedasthesymbolof8)_______culture.influencepromotedspiritualorientalExplorationComprehensionSummaryExplorationComprehension1.Matchthestatementswiththecorrespondingparagraphs.ComprehensionNumber

InformationfromthepassageConfuciusthinksthatoneshouldshowfilialpietytoone’sparents,whethertheyarealiveordead.Usingwaterandmountainsasmetaphors,Confuciustalkedaboutthedifferencesbetweenthewiseandthebenevolent.Confuciusproposesthathumanenessisrealizedthroughself-disciplineandadherencetoritualpropriety.AccordingtoConfucius,incommunication,humaneloveforothersisofprimaryimportance,whileproprietycomessecond.91565Exploration1.Matchthestatementswiththecorrespondingparagraphs.ComprehensionNumberInformationfromthepassageConfuciustookonthemissionofmaintainingandrestoringthegreatculturaltraditioninheritedfromancienttimes.InConfucianthought,thebondbetweenfatherandsonisthemostfundamentalhumanrelationship.AccordingtoConfucius,onefulfillsoneselfbybeginningwithfamilyreverenceandextendingittoothersocialrelationships.Confuciusteachesthatfamilyreverenceisthefoundationofhumanfeelings,startingwithintimaterelationshipsandextendingtootherpeople.1243Exploration2.TheselectionofConfucius’teachingsfromParagraphs8to16isbasedonthreetopics:humaneness,rites,andfamilyreverence.Putthecorrespondingparagraphnumbersinthetable.ComprehensionTopicsHumanenessRitesFamilyreverenceParagraphs

11,15,169,10,128,13,14ExplorationComprehension3.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.1)ManyofConfucius’teachingsareconcernedwithhumanaffairs.2)Humanenesscomesfromfamilyreverencewhichiscultivatedthroughintimaterelationshipsbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.3)Nomatterwhathappens,apersonshouldnottravelafarifhisparentsarestillalive.4)Confuciushasnodesiretoseesuchastateofthingsaspossessionofpowerwithoutgenerosity,courtesywithoutseriousness,andmourningwithoutgrief.TTTFExploration4.Completethefollowinglogicalpathfromself-cultivationtosocialharmonyinConfuciusthought:ComprehensionFamilyreverenceCultivationofinnate_______toparentsandfamilymembers.ExtensionExtensionofthefeelingsto______people.SocialharmonyEstablishmentof__________relationshipsofthesociety.harmoniousotherfeelingsExploration5.ThereareseveralwaysoftranslatingConfucius’keyconceptsintoEnglish.Identifytheminthepassageandputtheminproperplacesofthefollowingtable.Comprehension孝悌仁礼修行

humaneness

filialpiety

familyreverence

benevolence

humanelove

ritualpropriety

rites

propriety

self-cultivation

behavior

cultivationSummarizethemainideaofthepassagebyfillingintheblanks.ExplorationSummarySummaryThetextanalyzesConfucius’self-cultivationthoughtsagainstthechaoticsocialtransformationbackground,wheretraditionalculturedeclined.Confuciustookitashis_______torestoreancienttraditions.Heregardsfilial_____asthefoundationofren(benevolence).Humankindnessoriginatesfromfamilyloveand________toallsocialrelationships,formingacompleteself-cultivationsystemforfamilyandsocialharmony.

missionexpandspietyExplorationSummaryRitualproprietyservesasthekey_____tobenevolence,yetgenuineemotionsmattersmorethanritualforms.Confuciusputforward“Discipliningtheselfandobservingritualpropriety”toconquerselfish_______andreachbenevolence,holdingthatthisgoalis_________toeveryonethroughsteadyself-improvement.Aseriesof________fromTheAnalectsfurtherelaboratehisstandpoints.desiresaccessibleexcerptspathResourcesDifficultsentencesWordstonoteHeritageanddevelopmentCulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningDifficultsentencesDifficultsentencesResources1.“Discipliningtheselfandobservingritualpropriety.”(Para.6)2.“Ifforthespanofadayonewereabletoaccomplishthis,thewholeworldwoulddefertothishumanemodel.”(Para.6)3.“Becominghumaneinone’sconductisself-originating—howcoulditoriginatefromothers?”

(Para.6)DifficultsentencesResources1.“Discipliningtheselfandobservingritualpropriety”.(Para.6)Humanity(仁)meansrestrainingoneselfandobservetherites.Toreturntotheobservanceoftheritesthroughovercomingtheselfconstitutesbenevolence.《论语》原文：子曰：“克己复礼为仁。”

今译：“抑制自己，使愿望与行为都合于礼，就是仁。”Paraphrase：DifficultsentencesResources2.“Ifforthespanofadayonewereabletoaccomplishthis,thewholeworldwoulddefertothishumanemodel”.(Para.6)《论语》原文：子曰：“一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。”今译：一旦这样做了（克己复礼），天下的人都会称许你是仁人。Onceonedoesthis,thewholeworldwillbeembracedinone’shumanemind.Paraphrase：DifficultsentencesResources3.“Becominghumaneinone’sconductisself-originating—howcoulditoriginatefromothers?”(Para.6)《论语》原文：子曰：“为仁由己，而由人乎哉？”今译：实践仁德，全凭自己，难道还凭别人吗？Thepracticeofbenevolenceisself-driven;itcannotbeimposedbyothers.Beingvirtuousandhumaneinyouractionsstartswithyourself—thisgoodnesscannotbegainedfromanyoneelse.Paraphrase：NewWordsExpressionsWordstonoteWordstonoteResources1)reverence2)appreciation3)humane4)cultivate5)ritual1)fulfilloneself2)deferto3)complywith1.reverencen.greatrespect崇敬1.Heshowedgreatreverenceto/towardstheheroinhisheart.ResourcesWordstonote2.Xiaoticanbetranslatedasfamilyreverenceorfilialpiety.他对心目中的英雄极其崇敬。孝悌可被译成familyreverence或者filialpiety。Translatethefollowingsentences.2.appreciationn.[C,U]

1)understandingimportanceandmeaning理解；认识2)understandinggoodqualityorworth赞赏；欣赏

3)feelinggratefulfor感谢Decidethemeaningsofthesentenceswithdefinitionsontheleft.ResourcesWordstonoteTheirappreciationoftheperformancewasexpressedinloudcheers.

Hewaspresentedwithagoldenpeninappreciationofhislongserviceandhardwork.

Weareimpressedbyhisrealisticappreciationofthecurrentsituation.

(1)(3)(2)Theyareseekingafterabetterandmore_______world.3.humanen.kindness，ren慈悲；

仁补充：human人类Fillintheblankswithhumaneorhuman.

ResourcesWordstonote2.Thisisthepowerof________mind.这就是人类头脑的力量。1.Hiswayoflookingafteranimalsisvery________.他对动物照顾得细致周到。3.Theyareseekingabetterandmore_______world.他们在追求更加美好和仁慈的世界。humanhumanehumane

4.cultivate

v.improve,develop培养；修养Translatethefollowingsentences.ResourcesWordstonote1.他已经培养出对艺术的热爱。2.Thecompanyhasbeensuccessfulincultivatingaveryprofessionalimage.这个公司成功地给自己塑造出专业形象。Hehascultivatedtheloveof/forart.5.

ritualadj.礼（侧重礼仪、仪式）补充：rite礼（统称）propriety礼（侧重规范）

Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwords:ritual,

rite,propriety.ResourcesWordstonote1.TheBookof______isaConfuciancollectionexplaining______.《礼记》是儒家解读礼仪的文集。Ritesrituals2.Theyconductthemselveswith_________.propriety他们举止有礼(符合规范)。

6.fulfilloneself

v.develop/expresstheabilities,qualities,etc.ofoneselffully实现自我；发挥好...Translatethefollowingsentences.ResourcesWordstonote1.Shesucceededinfulfillingherselfbothasanactressandasamother.她成功地发挥了自己既当好演员又当好母亲的才能。2.Hehasfulfilledhimselfbyworkinghard.他通过努力工作实现了自我。

7.

deferto

v.agreeoracceptaperson’sopinionordecision尊崇人或其意愿,服从Translatethefollowingsentences.ResourcesWordstonote1.Idefertoyourwishes.我服从你的意愿。2.HedeferstoTim’ssuperiorknowledge.他折服于Tim的渊博知识。补充：

deference

顺从，尊重3.TomwasannoyedbecauseTimdidn’tshowenoughdeferencetohim.Tom认为Tim对他不够尊重，很是生气。

8.complywith

v.actinaccordancewithsomething服从、符合Translatethefollowingsentences.ResourcesWordstonote1.Weareunabletocomplywithyourrequest.我们无法满足你的要求。2.Alllive-streamsalesshouldcomplywithplatformregulations.所有网上直播带货都要符合平台规定。ReadtheexcerptsfromConfucianismfortheModernWorldandthinkofthequestion“WhyConfuciusnow?”

Thetwenty-first-century“modernity”referredtointhequestion“WhyConfuciusNow?”hastobeviewedinthissamehistoricalperspective.Globalcapitalism,multinationalcorporations,andgiganticworldtradesystemsposesimilarproblemsastowhethertheso-calledglobalvillagewillnotactuallybeasimpersonal,asroutinized,asmechanicalandinhumaninitsoperationastheearlierleviathanstate.WillaworldofMcDonaldsandshoppingHeritageanddevelopmentHeritageanddevelopmentResourcesmallsexpressanyofthepersonalintimacyorgroupparticipationdemocracythatweassociatewiththefamily,village,ortownmeeting?Thisisnottosay,inansweringaffirmativelythequestion“WhyConfuciusNow?”oneshouldexpecthisteachingtobegivenauniquelyprivilegedplaceinatwenty-first-centuryeducation,butonlytoaskthatitshouldhaveadefiniteandspecialplacetherein.Forallthetalkofaglobalvillage,itisnot,asamatteroffact,beingbroughttogetherinanymeaningfulsense;itisaworldingreatmoralandsocialdisarray,andnowheremoresothanineducation,wherethereissomuchtalkof“educationforsuccess”butso

HeritageanddevelopmentResourceslittleattentiontothehumanpersonunderlyingculturaldifferences,technologicalspecializations,andmomentarysocialadvancesorsetbacks.Withoutthis“learningforone’sself,”peopledonotbecomeeitherresponsiblepersonsorresponsiblemembersofacommunity.Theyarejusttheretobeused(forthemoment,perhaps,“successful”)butthentobethrownaway.TheappealofConfuciusasapersonlay,notinhisworldlysuccess,butinhowhetriumphedoverpoliticalfailureandachievedameasureofself-fulfillmentindifficultcircumstances.ThiswassummedupinthepassageintheAnalects(2:4)whereConfuciusHeritageanddevelopmentResourcescharacterizedthesuccessivestagesinhisownself-development—notaprocessofsuddenenlightenmentormysticalbreakthrough,oramomentofpoliticaltriumph,butjusttheculminationofwhathehadworkedatforalifetime.

AtfifteenIsetmyheartonlearning.AtthirtyIhadestablishedmyself.AtfortyIwasnolongerperplexed.AtfiftyIknowwhatHeavencommandedofme.AtsixtyIcouldheedit.AtseventyIcouldfollowmyheart’sdesirewithouttransgressing.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesInlatercenturiesthiswasoneofthemostquoted,paraphrased,oradaptedpassagesfromtheAnalects,becauseitofferedsomeguidepostsonthepathoflifeandsomeassurancethatthepathwouldleadtoameaningfulconclusion-thathavingcometotermswithone’sself,one’ssociety,andone’sculture,onecouldachieveasenseofpersonalease,contentment,andfulfillment.Isthisnotstillagoodenoughreasonforansweringthequestion“WhyConfuciusNow?”intheaffirmative?HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesSource:ExcerptsfromConfucianismfortheModernWorld,DanielA.BellandHahmChaibong(eds).CambridgeUniversityPress,2003Socrates(c.470–399BC)ishailedasoneofthegreatestthinkersofalltimeandisoftencalledthefatherofphilosophy.Borntoastonemasonfatherandamidwifemother,helivedthewholelifeinAthens.Despiteleavingnowrittenworkshimself,hislifeandteachingswereimmortalizedbyhisstudents,mostnotablyPlatoandXenophon.Socratesspenthislifequestioningandteaching,engagingcitizensofallclassesindialoguesaboutjustice,virtue,andtruth.CulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResources

CulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningReadthefollowingpassageaboutSocrates’lifeandhismajorcontributions.Hisrelentlessquestioningchallengedtraditionalvaluesandauthorities.Therewasabacklashagainsthim.In399BC,hewasputontrialandsentencedtodeath.Hefaceddeathcourageously.Refusinganopportunitytoescape,hedrankhemlock,choosingtodieforhisprinciplesandrespectforthelaw.Socrates’philosophicalthoughtfundamentallyshiftedthefocusofGreekphilosophyfromthenaturalworldtohumanethicsandmorality.Hesawandpracticedphilosophynotasanacademicbutashumanactivity.Itwasaboutrealmenandwomenfacingactualethicalchoicesbetweenrightandwrong,goodandevil.Socratesalsobelievedthattruewisdombeginswithrecognizingone'sownignorance,famouslydeclaring,“IknowthatIknownothing.”CulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResourcesTherefore,possessingtrueknowledgeofwhatisgoodinevitablyleadstovirtuousbehaviorandaflourishinglife.Hismostenduringcontributiontohumanthoughtisthe“SocraticMethod.”Ratherthanlecturingorprovidingdirectanswers,Socratesusedaseriesofprobingquestionstoexposecontradictionsinhisinterlocutors’beliefs,guidingthemtodiscovertruthandrefinetheirownideas.Thismethodlaidthefoundationforcriticalthinking,logicalreasoning,andmoderneducationalpedagogy.CulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResourcesThearticleisbasedonPaulJohnson’sbookSocrates:AManforOurTimes,PenguinGroup,2011Eachgroupwillchooseoneofthefollowingprojectsandgiveanoralpresentationinclasswithaclearstructureandevidencefromthethreepassages.UnitProjectDestinationDestinationUnitProjectProject1Project2Project3Project4Project5Project8Project9Project10Project6Project7UnitProjectDestinationProject1:IntroducethecoreconceptrenandthewaystorealizeitinConfucianism.Youmayrefertothefollowingstructure:1)theliteralstructureoftheChinesecharacter“仁”;2)itsbasicmeaningof“broadloveforallpeople”;3)howfilialpietyexpandsintouniversalbenevolence;4)howtorestrainselfishdesiresandrestoreritestorealizeren,etc.(seeParagraph6);5)concludewithyourgroup’sopiniononthevalueofrenformoderninterpersonalcommunication.UnitProjectDestinationProject2:Explaintheconnotationsofself-cultivationandwhyConfuciusregardsfilialpiety(familyreverence/xiao)asthefoundationofren.YourspeechshouldprovideevidencefromthepassagesortheMOOC.Addreal-lifemodernexamplestoshowhowfilialpietyworksintoday’ssociety.DestinationUnitProjectProject3:ExplainConfucius’completeself-cultivationroutetosocialorder.SortoutConfucius’slogic:naturalloveforparents→filialpiety→broadhumaneloveforrelatives,friends,rulersandsubjects.Explainhowpersonalself-improvementbuildsharmoniousfamilyandsocialbondswithsupportingsentencesfromthetextsandtheMOOC.DestinationUnitProjectProject4:Definetherichconnotationsofli:rituals,socialnorms,andstandardsthatshiftwithdifferentoccasions.Explainwhylicanplayitscorefunctionsasvaluingharmony,balancingbehavior,maintainingsocialorderinConfucius’thought.Compareancientritualswithmodernsocialetiquette.UnitProjectDestinationProject5:Clarifytheessentialrelationshipbetweenrenandli—renasinneressence,andliasouterform.Youmayrefertothefollowingstructure