2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷皿)

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷皿)

c

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to

$1()ayear.Today$8orS10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbidding

tomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.In

addition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredulland

visuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailableto

thepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcould

beboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopies

ofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter^officeto

purchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspapers

wouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usually

twoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.But

thephrase“pennypaper“caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellfor

onlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet”didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures

(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessful

papers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheball

rolling.

28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?

A.Academic.B.Unattractive.

C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.

29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.

B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.

D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

30.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?

A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.

C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.

31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.

B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.

D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.

D

Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.

AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbols

consistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchers

thentestedhowthemonkeyscombined-oradded-thesymbolstogetthereward.

Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,described

theexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,a

symbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,the

number7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeys

touchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywent

forthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.

Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehigher

valuesmorethanhalf（hetime,indicatingthattheywereperfonningacalculation,notjustmemorizingthe

valueofeachcombination.

Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthe

monkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowereclosein

value-sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwas

systematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthen

addedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit.

“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstone

says.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittle

one.”

32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?

A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.

C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.

33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?

A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.

C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.

34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?

A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.

B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.

C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.

D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.

35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Entertainment.B.Health.

C.Education.D.Science.

参考答案

28.B29.C30.B31.A

32.C33.B34.A35.D

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）

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Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenless

comingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联

系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexperts

believethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000

languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguages

toobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopment

ofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominant

languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.

Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,

wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericas

about1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaalone

accountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalf

theworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafew

elderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),Chiapanecoin

Mexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,witha

question-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Complex.B.Advanced.

C.Powerful.D.Modern.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About1,200.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

D

Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshiny

andnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.

That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment一andourwallets一astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmore

energythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing.CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesatthe

RochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughout

itslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovideda

readoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.

Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthe

scenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsand

e-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-room

televisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroom

ofthehouse,“saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin

1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices一wecontinuetousethem.Accordingtothe

analysisofRabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdevices

withtheirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoubling

duringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalso

exploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethan

onefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demand

entertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby

44%.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.

B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.

D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.

C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

参考答案

28.B29.C30.B31.C

32.A33.D34.B35.A

2（）18年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国11卷）

B

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.

ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarclittlepowerhousesofnutritional

protection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,

raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.

Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchas

peachesarchighinthecarotenoidswcturnintovitaminAandwhicharcantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,

theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,

coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream^^.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyare

muchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,a

squeezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllast

severalweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomes

a“soft-serve“creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityfbrachildren\party;they

lovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeout

below.

24.Whatdocstheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?

A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.

C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.

26.Whatis“ajuicer“inthelastparagraph?

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.

C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.

27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

C

Teensandyoungerchildrenarcreadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareport

publishedMonday.

Whilethedeclineoverihepastdecadeissleepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthat

readingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemore

reading.

Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,utheproportion（比例）whosaythey4hardlyever'readfbrfun

hasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percent

respectivelytoday.”

Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythe

same.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoreto

closertoahalfhourpersession.

Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建议）parentslookingfor

dataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimit

electronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.

Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesand

importantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoread

frequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,

parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.

Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmight

lakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryor

bookstore.

28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?

A.Children'sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.

C.Children'safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.

29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”？

A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.

C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.

30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?

A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.

C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth.D.E-rcadersarcexpensive.

31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?

A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.

B.Askthemtowritebookreports.

C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.

D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.

参考答案

24.C25.B26.D27.B

28.A29.B30.C31.A

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国皿卷）

B

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettlein

theseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYork

City,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulation

grewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.

Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dav/son,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness（荒

野）.Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,

withapopulationof30,000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthere

forgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.Thepath

toDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche（雪崩）

onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworth

thedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrich

menfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwood

wereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywas

crowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenew

golddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeand

go-toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawson

City-itspresentpopulationis762.

24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?

A.Itsbusinessculture.

B.Itssmallpopulation.

C.Itsgeographicalposition.

D.Ilsfavourableclimate.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?

A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.

B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.

C.Almosteveryonegaveup.

D.Halfofthemdied.

26.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?

A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.

B.Theywantedtotrytheirkickelsewhere.

C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.

D.Theywereshortoffood.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

C.Journeysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

参考答案

24C25B26B27A

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）

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Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebrate

thefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCultural

Organization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,andits

potentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,and

themusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserfbrjazz,Moran

hopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite/5MorantellsNationalPublicRadio's

reporterNealConan."WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsider

andunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It\actuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital/'

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeen

lost.uThemusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,

becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,“saysMoran.

Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicfbradanceparty,4justtokind

ofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusicJsaysMoran."Forme,

it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion（情感）lie?Arewe,ashumans,gainingany

insight（感悟）onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgets

usintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawider

contextJsaysMoran,“so1wanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofbstcr.”

28.WhydidUNESCOsetApril3（）asInternationalJazzDay?

A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.

C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?

A.Ilwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.

C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ExploringtheFutureofJazz.B.TheRiseandFallofJazz.

C.TheStoryofaJazzMusician.D.CelebratingtheJazzDay.

D

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸储器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswhere

theliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,il'san

excellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbut

impossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5rx5rsheetofclearor

slightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthe

water.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.

Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthe

deepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestof

thelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweighting

thesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowfbnnacone（圆锥体）with45-dcgrcc-anglcd

sides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,the

cup.

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（蒸发）and

collectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.When

thecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthe

stilleverytimeyouneedadrink.

32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sdelicate.B.h'sexpensive.

C.It'scomplex.D.It'sportable.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseuthewatercatcher“inparagraph2referto?

A.Thetube.B.Thestill.

C.Thehole.D.Thecup.

34.Whal'sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.

C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.

35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.

A.theplastictubeB.outsidethehole

C.theopenairD.beneaththesheet

第二部分阅读理解

28.D29.C30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国II卷）

c

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompany

closertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle——named(heTransiiion—has

twoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat

1,40()feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.It

fliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milesper

gallon.

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$i0,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,

andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekat

theNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost

$279,000.Anditwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairline

industryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.

Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicle

tofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagoto

createaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharclowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.

Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofHyingtimetobeabletoflythe

Transition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?

A.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.

C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.

30.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFirstFlight

C.Pilots'DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality

D

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzand

IanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthat

neighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobean