考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷28

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷28

一、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

How'sthisforacoincidence?CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnwereborninthe

sameyear,onthesameday:Feb.12,1809.Althoughpeoplehardlythinkofthemin

tandem,yetinstinctively,wewanttosaythattheybelongtogether.It'snotjustbecause

theywerebothgreatmen,andnotbecausetheyhappentobeexactcontemporaries.

Rather,it'sbecausethescientistandthepoliticianeachtouchedoffarevolutionthat

changedtheworld.Theywerebothrevolutionariesinthesensethatbothmenupended

realitiesthatprevailedwhentheywereborn.Theyseem-andsound-moderntous,

becausetheworldtheyleftbehindthemismoreorlesstheonewestilllivein.So,

consideringthejointgreatnessoftheircontributions—andthecoincidenceoftheir

conjoinedbirthdays—itishardnottowonder:whowasthegreaterman?It'sanappies-

and-oranges-orSuperman-vs.-Santa-comparison.Butifyoulimitthequestionto

influence,veryquicklythebalancetipsinLincoln'sfavor.Asgreatashisbookon

evolutionis,itdoesnoharmtorememberthatDarwinhurriedtopublishTheOriginof

SpeciesbecausehethoughthewasabouttobescoopedbyhisfellownaturalistAlfred

RusselWallace.Inotherwords,therewasacertaininevitabilitytoDarwin'stheory.Ideas

aboutevolutionsurfaced:hroughoutthefirstpartofthe19thcentury,andwhilenoneof

themwasasconvincingasDarwin's—untilWallacecamealong—itwasnotasthoughhe

wastheonlymanwhohadtheidea.Lincoln,incontrast,isunique.Takehimoutofthe

picture,andthereisnotellingwhatmighthavehappenedtothecountry.True,his

electiontothepresidencydidprovokesecessionand,inturn,thewaritself,butthatwar

seemsinevitable—notaquestionofifbutwhen.Onceinoffice,hebecomesthe

indispensableman.Certainlyweknowwhathappenedoncehewasassassinated:

Reconstructionwasad-ministeredpunitivelyandthenabandoned,leavingtheissueof

racialequalitytodangleforanothercentury.IfDarwinwerenotsoirreplaceableas

Lincoln,thatshouldnotnegatehisaccomplishment.Noonecouldhaveformulatedhis

theoryanymoreelegantly.Theiridenticalbirthdaysaffordusasuperbopportunityto

observethesemeninthesharedcontextoftheirtime—howeachwasshapedbyhis

circumstances,howeachreactedtothebeliefsthatsteeredtheworldintowhichhewas

bomandultimatelyhoweachreshapedhiscornerofthatworldandleftitirrevocably

changed.

1、CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnbelongtogetherinthat

A^theywerebornonthesameday.

8、theylivedinthesameperiodoftime.

C、theybroughtuprevolutionstotheworld.

D^theywereborntobesuccessfulmen.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据人名可定位到第一段。题干中的信

号词inthat表明这是因果关系考点，应在原文中留意相应的词出现的语句。原文提

到他们两位都引发了改变世界的革命，故选C项。

2、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"anapples-and-oranges-orSuperman-vs.-Santa一

comparison"(Lines4-5,Paragraph2)?

A、Itishardtotellwhichoneisgreaterastheyarebothoutstanding.

B、ThecomparisonbetweenDarwinandLincolnismeaningless.

C^ItisdifficulttocomparethemastheyareasfamousasSupermanorSanta.

D、Thereisnopointcomparingthembecausebothof(hemarewell-knowntous.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干要求定位在第二段。对句意的理解要结合具体

语境。该段最后一句句首的But作为转折信号词往往提示重点信息的出现，此处讲

的是：如果从影响力角度看则林肯占优势，故推断若不提出这种假设，则两者不分

伯仲，选A项。

3、AlfredRusselWallaceismentionedinordertoshow

A、Darwin'sTheOriginofSpecieswasabouttobescooped.

R、Darwin\evolutiontheorywasacceptedamongnaniralists.

C>Darwinmightnotbetheonlyonewhohadtheideaofevolution.

D、Darwin'sachievementwasfoundeduponnaturalresearches.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据人名AlfredRusselWallace定位到

第三段。本题考查举这一例子是为了说明什么，这类题的答案一般出现在例子前

后。此处作者举Wallace的例子是为了强调达尔文不是唯一一个提出进化理论的

人.故选C项。

4、Lincohrscontributiontotheworldcanbebestdescribedas

A^aggressive.

B、ground-breaking.

C、dependable.

D^legitimate.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段主要论述了林肯的独一无二和必不可少，强调了

如果没有他的存在，美国不知道会是什么样子。ground-breaking“具有开拓意义的”

与原文传递的意思一致，故选B项。

5、Wliichofthefollowingisliucofihetext?

A^Lincoln'ssuccessinelectionhadmadethewarinevitable.

B、Lincolnhadstrivedtoaddresstheracialproblems.

C、Darwinwasnotuniquecomparedwithhiscontemporaries.

D^Darwin'stheorycoincidedwithLincoln'sbeliefs.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。文中提到林肯执政时是不可或缺的人物，他遇刺身亡后

种族平等问题乂拖延了一个世纪才得以解决，从而可以合理推断林肯在世时曾致力

于解决种族问题，故选B项。

"Itkeepsyougrounded,putsyouinasituationthatkeepsyououtoftrouble,andputsyou

withagroupthathasthesamemind-set,"saysMollySkinner,asophomoreatthe

UniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,appraisingthenonathleticbenefitsshe

experiencedwhileplayingsoccerinhighschool.Accordingtoonenewstudy,suitingup

forthehighschoolteamdocsseemtogivegirlsaboostwhenitcomestogettinga

collegediploma.Therecentstudy,conductedbyprofessorsfromBrighamYoung

University(BYU)andWestChesterUniversityofPennsylvania(WCUP),foundthat

womenwhoplayedsportsinhighschoolwere73percentmorelikelytoearnabachelor's

degreewithinsixyearsofgraduatingfromhighschoolthanthosewhodidnot.(Thestudy

didnotlookatmaleathletes.)Theiranalysisofdatafrom5,103womencollectedaspart

ofaU.S.DepartmentofEducationstudyfoundthatevenamonggirlswhofacestatistical

challengesfinishingcollegebasedonsocioeconomicbackground,theathletesstillhad

morethan40percenthighercollegecompletionratesthannonathlctcs,regardlessof

whethertheyplayedatthecollegelevel."Intimeswhenweworryaboutimproving

academicperformanceoroutcomes,wewondershouldwebedevotingtimeandmoney

toextracurricularactivities?"asksBYUProf.MikaelaDufur,oneofthestudy'sauthors.

"Theseareimportantarenasfor-inourcase—girlstomakeconnectionswithothersand

adultswhohelpencouragethemtosucceed."Atthecollegiatelevel,though,themeasure

ofwomen'ssportsremainsasmurky(unclear)asever,thankstothepoliticsofTitleIX.

Enactedin1972,TitleIXguaranteeswomenequalopportunityincollegiatesports,but

itscriticscontendthatmanyschoolsreachthatbalancebycuttingmen'steamsratherthan

addingwomen's.AJulyreportonTitleIXfromtheGovernmentAccountability

Office(GAO)hasdonelittletosettlethedebate.Thatstudyfoundincreasesinstudent

participationincollegeathleticsonbothsidesofthegenderline,thoughthegrowthrate

washigherforwomen'steamsandfemaleathletes.TitleIXcriticssaythattheGAO

reporlrelieslooheavilyonNationalCollegiateAthleticAssocialion(NCAA)dala,which

canobscurethenumberofmen'steamscutfromparticularschoolsasmorecollegesjoin

theNCAAoverall.Whilethepoliticaldebatecontinues,femaleathletesthemselvesseem

tobefocusingonthefinishline."Ithinkthatsportsteachesyoutopersevere,"says

VirginiaTech-boundRachelPlumb,whoracedonherhighschool'scrosscountryteam.

"Itteachesyoutokeepaneyeonagoal.”

6、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,

A、MollySkinnerisplayingsoccerontheuniversityteam.

B、playingsoccercontributedtoMolly'snonathleticlife.

C、playingsportshelpsgirlstoenrollatuniversities.

D、playingsportsgrantsgirlsextracreditsatuniversities.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第一段可知，莫莉•斯金纳回忆她中学参加足球队

的经历给她带来了运动以外的收获，因此可以推断B项为正确答案。

Inthedaysbeforepreschoolacademieswereallbutmandatoryforkidsunder5,1stayed

homeandgotmyearlyeducationfromMikeDouglas.HisTVtalkshowwasoneofmy

mother'sfavoriteprograms,andbecauseIlookeduptomymother,itbecameoneofmy

favoritestoo.YetIquicklydevelopedmyownfascinationwithDouglas,whodiedlast

week.Maybeitwastheplainset—acoupleofchairsandlittleelse—ormaybeitwasthe

soundofpeopletalkingaboutideasandeventsratherthantellingstories.Whateverit

was,tomy4-year-oldminditwasallterriblyadult,likemymother'smorningcoffee.It

was一relatively.Thegrown-upworldIliveinnowisanothermatter.Thanksinpartto

theproliferationandpolarizationoftalkshowsinthelast20yearsorso-thegeneration

afterDouglasandhisbig-tentgentilitywentofftheair-publicconversationshave

becomescarymonstersindeed.Likeotherformsolentertainment,theprogrammingof

commercialtalkshowstixlayhasmovedbeyondnichetohermetic.Theideaofahost

bookingguestsasvariedasJerryRubin,MalcolmXandRichardNixon-andtreating

themallwithacertaindeference,asDouglasdid-isunheardof.Equallya-mazingisto

considerthatDouglaswasamoderate;thoughhedidn'talwayssharehisguests'views,he

nonethelessinsistedoneverybodyhavinghisorhersay.Whathedid,inotherwords,was

moreimportantthanwhohewas.Thatwasprobablyaneasydictateforanold-school,

modestguysuchasDouglastofollow.Andnow?OprahWinfreyissinceree-nough.but

herviewershipisacultofpersonality,notofpeopleorissues.Likehercontemporaries,

O-prahchoosesherguestsandissuestosuithershow,ratherthanallowingguestsand

issuestobetheshow.Sheprefersupliftandempowerment,whichismorepalatablethan

name-calling,thehallmarkofBillO'ReillyorHowardStem.Butspinisspin,andinher

ownwayOprahgetsastiresomeasthoseguys.Ultimately,theseshowsfailtoconveythe

fullnessoftheconversation,thesensethatAmericaisoneplace-oronehost—with

manyvoicesatequalvolume.Thatdoesn'tmeaneverybody'sright.Buttohave

everybodyengagedandfeelingastakeintheoutcomeofthediscussionispriceless.

Engagementisnothinglessthannationalsecurity:Ifeltthatasapreschooler,watching

MikeDouglasonTV,andIfeelitnow.Theageofirony,theywouldsay,fueledby

informationthatmovesatthespeedoflight,demandsadifferentapproach.

11、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thattheauthor

A、wasinfluencedbyhismother.

B、didn'tlikepreschoolacademics.

C、enjoyedself-taughtprograms.

D^wassmartinhischildhood.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“因为那时母亲就是我的偶像，所

以这档节目也成了我的最爱之一”可得出答案为A项。

12、Theword"big-tcnt"(Linc6,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto

A、sensible.

tolerant.

C、imposing.

D、polite.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据big-tent的字面意思“大帐篷”以及其后的名词

gentility“有风度”，还有破折号后的句子“现在的公众谈话节目确实已经变得像恐怖

的怪物，让人望而却步。’何推断出B项“包容的”为正确答案。

13、AccordingtoParagraph3,MikeDouglas

A、treatedguestswithgreatpassion.

B、satisfiedtheguests'requirements.

C、highlyvalueddifferentopinions.

D^sharedappealingexperienceofhisown.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据该段第二句话“主持人预约各种各样的嘉宾……来

参加节目并且像道格拉斯那样对他们尊重有加”以及最后一句“尽管有时候他不赞同

嘉宾的观点，但是他仍然坚持每个人都有发表个人见解的权利”可推断出C项为正

确答案。

14、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutOprahWinfrey?

A、Sheisnotstraightforwardwithheraudience.

B、Sheprefersfashionableandexcitingtopics.

C、Sheisnotquitesuccessfulasatalkshowhost.

D、Sheislessannoyingthanthosewhoslanderothers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据OprahWinfrey定位到第四段，根据该段最后两句

话“但是……奥普拉的节目风格也使观众感到厌倦。最终，这些节目不能成功传达

谈话节目饱满充实的内涵以及美国代表的意义”可推断出奥普拉作为谈话类节目主

持人并不是很成功，C项为正确答案。

15、Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethat

A、peopleinaconversationshouldalwaysreachanagreement.

B、MikeDouglashasofteredaworldofinformationtotheaudience.

C、itisofvitalimportancetohavepeopleengagedinthediscussion.

D、MikeDouglas'showmarksthenewageofmockery.

标准答案：C「

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二、三句话“如果能做到让每一位观众

都全身心投入节目并关注讨论得出的最终结论，这将是难能可贵的。观众对节目的

关注几乎可以和国家安全相提并论”可得出C项为正确答案。

Partlyduetoahistoricaldevelopmentmarkedbyworldwidecolonialism,urbanization,

andglobalization,inthecourseofthiscenturyhumankindislikelytoexperienceitsmost

extremeculturalloss.AsK.DavidHarrisonnotesinWhenLanguagesDie,"Thelast

speakersofprobablyhalfoftheworld'slanguagesarealivetoday."Theirchildrenor

grandchildrenarepressuredtospeakonlythedominantlanguageoftheircommunityor

country.Underoneestimate,morethan50%ofthe6,900orsolanguagesidentified

nowadaysareexpectedtobecomeextinctinamatterofafewdecades.Theprecise

criteriaforwhatcountsasadistinctlanguagearecontroversial-especiallythose

regardingcloselyrelatedlinguisticsystems,whicharcofteninaccuratelyreferredtoas

dialectsofthesamelanguage.Theproblemiscomplicatedbytheinsufficiencyofstudies

aboutthegrammarofmanyoftheworld'sendangeredlanguages.Inaddition,froma

cognitivestandpointanytwogroupsofindividualswhoselanguagesaremutually

intelligiblemayinfacthavedistinctmentalgrammars.Asacognitivesystem,alanguage

showsdynamicpropertiesthatcannotexistindependentlyofitsspeakers.Thisisthe

senseinwhichtheAnatolianlanguagesandDalmatianareextinct.Therefore,language

preservationdependsonthemaintenanceofthenative-speakinghumangroups.

Unfortunately,themostacceleratedlossofdistinctlanguagestakesplacewhere

economicdevelopmentisrapid,worseningthebreakdownolminoritycommunitiesthat

speakdifferentlanguages.Inthisperspective,alanguageoftenbeginstodielongbefore

thepassingofthelastspeaker:Newgenerationsmaystartusingitonlyforlimited

purposes,increasinglyshiftingtothecommunity'sdominantlanguage.Inthisprocess,

knowledgeofthedyinglanguageerodesbothattheindividuallevelandatthe

communitylevel.Linguisticdiversityitselfmaybetheworstlossatstake,becauseitmay

bethemostpromisingandprecisesourceofevidencefortherangeofvariationallowed

intheorganizationofthehumancognitivesystem.Forinstance,Hamsondiscussesmany

strategiesformanipulatingquantitiesacrosslanguages,oftenendangeredones.Therapid

lossoflinguisticdiversitysubstantiallyhinderscomparativeinvestigationaboutthe

multiplewaysinwhichasinglecognitivedomaincanbeorganized.Linguistsarewell

awarethattheireffortsalonecannotpreventthisloss.Communityinvolvement,

especiallywithgovernmentsupport,hasprovenessentialinslowingorevenreversing

languagelossindifferentcascs(c.g.,BasqueandIrish).Crucially,endangeredlanguages

mustbeacquiredbynewgenerationsofspeakers.Herethebiologicalmetaphoradopted

byHarrisonappliesappropriately-documentationofdeadlanguagesisakintoafossil

record,providingonlypartialcluesaboutcomplexcognitivesystems.

16、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,languageloss

A、iscausedpartlybycolonialism,urbanizationandglobalization.

B、isthemostextremeculturallosspeopleexperiences.

C、isexpectedtooccurinafewcenturies.

D、occursinlessthanhalfoftheworld's6,900languages.

标准答案：A--

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干直接定位到第一段。本段第一句提到，本世纪

人类很有可能经历最极端的文化流失，这个危机一部分是由以世界殖民主义、城市

化、全球化为标志的历史发展引起的。故A项为答案。

17、Oneof