仁爱版八年级下册英语Unit8-Topic1-3知识点词汇、短语及语法

第第页仁爱版八年级下册英语Unit8Topic1--3知识点（词汇、短语及语法）Unit8topic11.1)so…that…如此…以至于….，that引导的是结果状语从句，其结构是so+形容词或副词+that从句。2)so…that…可以换成such+(a/an)+形容词+名词。2.wouldlike作为一个固定结构后接名词，代词，不定式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾补，表示想要的意思。1)wouldlikesth.想要某物;Iwouldlikesomericeandpork。我想要一些米饭和猪肉。2)wouldliketodosth.想要做某事。3)wouldlikesb.todosth.想要某人做某事。Wouldlike=want想要4.be为助动词，made是及物动词make的过去分词，of后接宾语，bemadeof的主语通常为成品。Bemadefrom后的原材料则看不出，bemadein主语是成品，介词in后为产地，bemadeinto主语为原材料，介词into后接成品。Thetableismadeofwood。这桌子是由木头制成的。(可以看出原材料)Paperismadefromwood。纸是由木材制成的。(看不出原材料)ThecombismadeinHungKong。这把梳子是香港制造的。Ironismadeintoknives。铁可以制成小刀。5.afford常接在can，could，beableto之后，意为担负的起(…的费用，损失，后果等);抽的出(时间)。Afford还有提供，给予，出产的意思。6.onsale上市;折价出售，减价出售。Forsale待售，供出售。7.(1)though是从属连词，引导让步状语从句，和连词but不能连用，但翻译时需译为但是。如：thoughAustraliaisverylarger，thepopulationisquitesmall。虽然澳大利亚面积很大，但是人口却很少。(2)suchas像，诸如，例如(用于举例)。Opportunitiessuchasthisdidnotcomeeveryday。这样的机会不是天天都有的。8.(1).like是名词，意为喜好，爱好，反义词为dislikeWeallhavedifferentlikeanddislike，我们各有不同的好恶。(2)dependon意为依靠，依赖，随…而定，取决于。Thecountrydependonitstouristtrade。这个国家主要依靠旅游业。It/thatdepends(口语)那得看情况。Dependonsb./sth.。依靠某人，信赖某人某事Dependonsb.todosth./doingsth.。指望某人做某事。Dependon=dependupon9.generally通常，一般的，一般放在句首。While用于对比两件事物，意为然而…Thesame…as…与…一样10.catchone’seye引起某人的注意。11.Itissaidthat…据说12.startdoingsth.开始做某事starttodosth.开始去做(另外)某事begindoingsth.开始做某事begintodosth.开始去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.努力去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做(另外的)某事13.protectsb./sth.Fromsth.保护…使免于…14.(1)keepsb./sth.+adj.保持某人或某事怎么样Pleasekeepthewindowsopen。请让窗户开着keepsb./sth.Doingsth.让某人持续做某事;让某事持续进行。I’lltrynottokeepyouwaiting。我会尽量不让你就等。(2)keep(on)doingsth.继续或重复做某事。Ikeepforgettingtomailthisletter。我老是忘记寄出这封信。Keepat继续做;keepawayfrom不接近;。15.morethan+adj.，不只是;比….更多。Unit8Topic21.makesth.制作某物。Didyoumakethatdressyourself?那件衣服是你自己做的吗?Make与do的区别：两者都有“做”的意思。Make表示做出以前并不存在的事物如：paperismadefromwood。纸是由木材做成的。而do是强调动作。如:Whatareyoudoing?你在做什么?2.allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事。allowdoingsth.允许做某事。3.itis+adj.+that从句。4.showsth.展示某物。Showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把…指给….看，出示。5.agreewith…同意…;agreetodosth.同意去做某事;agreethat…同意…6.stop…fromdoingsth.阻止…做某事，相当于keep/prevent…fromdoingsth.7.takeoff脱下，脱掉，起飞yoursocksareverydirty，pleasetakethemoff。你的袜子很脏，请脱下来。Theplanewilltakeoffinanhour。飞机将在一个小时后起飞。8.itis+adj.+that从句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。9.oneveryoccasion在每一个场合，occasion为可数名词。10.dress给…穿上衣服。Puton表示穿(戴)上的动作，wear后接衣、袜、鞋、帽或手表、眼镜、饰物等;have…on…不能用进行时;bein…接服装、材料、颜色等;in…还可作定语;dresssb/oneself给别人/自己穿衣服;dressedsbin…给某人穿上…衣服;dressup(sb.)(in…)着装，打扮，可分开用。11.but除…之外，常用于all，no，nobody，nothing，anywhere，what，who，where之后，意为除…外什么也没有。12.but和except的区别：两者用法大体相同，可互换使用，但当介词短语放在句首或句尾时，通常用except。在anybody，anything，anywhere之后，but的语气比except强。13.protect是及物动词，后可直接跟名词或代词，意为保护，防护。Iwillprotectyourchildwhenheisindanger。当你的孩子遇到危险时，我会保护他。14.比较seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事.Seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事了.如:Isawtheboyclimbingthewall.我看见小孩在爬墙.(强调爬墙的情景)Isawtheboyclimbthewall.我看见小孩爬墙了.(强调爬墙这件事)15.write(alitter)tosb.给某人写信;hearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfrom16.givesb.someadvice给某人一些建议.17.follow/takesb.’sadvice听从/采纳某人的意见.18.tellsb.about/ofsth.告诉某人关于某事.19.hadbetterdosth.最好做某事,后面接动词原形.hadbetter后跟省to的不定式,否定形式hadbetternotdo…20.advicesb.todosth.建议某人做某事.advice做名词使用时是不可数名词Couldyoupleasegivemesomeadvice?21.in穿着,戴着.Inadarkcolor穿着暗色;inwarmcolor穿着暖色.22.gowell正常运转,顺利.Ihopeyouwillgowell.我希望你一切顺利.23.itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.对某人来说做某事是…ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell=ItisimportantthatwemustlearnEnglishwell.对我们来说学好英语是重要的.24.well–known众所周知,著名的,出名的.相当于famousFor某人以某种知识,技能或特征出名25.人+befamousAs某人以某种身份出名For以某种特产而出名26.地方+famousAs以什么样的产地或地方而出名Befamousfor后的介词宾语是主语的所属内容;befamousas后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分.Unit8Topic31.fashionshow时装表演;onshow展出,陈列;forshow供展览的,装门面的,中看不中用的;goodshow好,真棒;ashowofhands举手表决.2.thereis/aregoingtobe+…是一个固定句型,其中be不能用其他动词代替.3.here,there引导的倒装句只是主谓语序倒装,而therebe表示存在有Theregoestheman.那人走了.Thereisamanstandingoverthere.有一个人站在那儿.4.形容词作定语与介词短语作定语的区别:Aninterestingbook一本有趣的书(形容词修饰名词)Abookonthedesk桌子上的一本书(介词短语修饰名词)5.atraditionaldress传统服装;traditionalChinesemedicine中医;traditionalmusic传统音乐.6.another作形容词时,意为又一个,再一个,其结构为:Another+单数名词Another+数词+复数名词=数词+more+复数名词7.befullof充满….的,相当于befilledwith.;fill…with把…装满。8.standfor代表，象征。9.getitsname得名。10.notonly…butalso…不但…而且…，通常连接两个对等成分，可以连接名词、动词、介词短语等。11.design…as…把…设计成….12.inthepast在过去，相当于intheolddays13.aroundtheworld全世界，相当于allovertheworld。14.atonetime曾经，一度，相当于atatime。15.hardly几乎不，表示否定概念，相当于almostnot16.except指从整体中除去一个或一部分，除去的人或物不在整体内。Besides指在具体的整体外加上一个或一部分，意为：除…之外，还有….But和except都可以表示除…之外，都表示从整体中除去部分，常可以换用，但except所含除外语气较强。but着重在整体，常用在no，all，nobody，where，who等词后。动名词用法归纳：finishdoingsth,feellikedoingsth.Practicedoingsth.Enjoydoingsth.Minddoingsth.Avoiddoingsth.Spend…(in)doingsth.Can’thelpdoingsth.(情不自禁的做某事)动词不定式用法归纳：wanttodosth.invitesb.todosth.beabletodosth.wouldliketodosth.seemtodosth.plantodosth.teachsb.todosth.havetodosth.needtodosth.Wishtodosth.hopetodosth.begintodosth,starttodosth.beusedtodosth.beafraidtodosth.refusetodosth.asksb.todosth.asksb.nottodosth.tellsb.todosth.tellsb.nottodosth.advisesb.todosth.can’twaittodosth.allowsb.todosth.Allowsb.nottodosth.省略to的动词不定式Makesb.dosth.Havesb.dosth.Letsb.dosth.Whynotdosth.Hadbetter(not)dosth●Be+形容词+todosth.Begladtodosth.Besorrytodosth.Behappytodosth.Bemeaningfultodosth.Findit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是。。。。的●连接动词-ing的固定搭配havetrouble(in)doingsth.havefundoingsth.spend…..(in)doingsthThanksb.fordoingsth.whataboutdoingsth.Howaboutdoingsth.bebusydoingsth.advisedoingsthsuggestdoingsth.suggestsb.doingsthlookforwardtodoingsth复合句：1.并列句用and连接并列或承接关系WewillhaveatesttomorrowandIalwaysgetnervousbeforeatest.Theywereverycuteandwecouldn’thelpwatchingthem.用but连接表转折关系Ifelttiredbuthappy.2.状语从句(1)原因状语从句：用because连用，表原因Hefeelsdisappointedbecausehecouldn’tgetatickettothefilmHeoftenbecameangrybecausethechildrenmadenoise.Hewasquiteangrywiththedriverbecausehiscarhithisbrother.区别lonelyaloneexcitedexcitingtooeitherbecausebecauseofHeoftenbecameangrybecausethechildrenmadenoise.Heoftenbecameangrybecauseofthenoisychildren.(2)时间状语从句用when,before,while,assoonas连接区别when和whilewhile和进行时态连用对比下列俩个句子：Iwassingingwhenmymothercamein.MymothercameinwhileIwassinging.WhilethecrowdwaspushingDarreninalldirections,someonesteppedonhisfeet.WhenDarrenfinallypushedhiswayout,hecouldn’tfindhistwofriends.Whenitrains,Ialwaysfeelsad.Whenthesunshinesbrightly,itmakesmehappyagain.WhenwetalkaboutBeijing,Ifeelexcited.Weweresoexcitedwhenwemetagain.Whydon’tyoutalktosomeonewhenyoufeelsad.I’dlikeyoutomeethimwithmewhenhearrives.WhileyouwereenjoyingyourtriptoMountTai,Iambusypreparingformyexams.Whilewewerehavingfunexploring,IfoundthatDarrenwaslost.◆Before连接的时间状语从句WouldyouhelpmemakeaplantoexploreBeijingbeforehecomes.Myfatherbookedtheroombeforewearrived.◆after连接的时间状语从句Afterwecheckedourbilesandbags,werodetoTiananmenSquare.★条件壮语从句：用if连接Ifwearenotconfidentaboutourselves,wemayfeelupset.Ifweareingoodspirits,wecanstudyorworkbetter.★动词不定式作表语：Thebestwaytoraisemoneyistosellnewspapers.★It作形式主语It’sverycommontoraisemoneyinsomeAmericanschool.It’snormaltogetgiftfromhim.It’simportantforustobeinagoodmood.It’simportant(forsb.)todosth.做。。。。(对某人而言)是重要的It’snormaltodosth.It’suselesstodosth.It’suselesstowastetimeoncomputer.It’seasytodosth.例句It’seasytostudyEnglish.It’seasytoparkbikes.It’scertainthat……It’struethat。。。确实。。。例句It’struethatsuitableuniformscanshowgooddiscipline.It’struethatyouareright.It’ssaidthat据说。。。。例句:It’ssaidthathalfofthestudentsdon’thavebreakfastregularly.归纳：Itis+形容词+(forsb.)+todosth.做某事(对某人而言)是。。。。的例句：1.It’simportantforyoutohelppeoplechoosesuitableclothing.2.It’simpolitetoeatsonoisily.3.It’spolitetofollowwesterntablemanners.4.It’spolitetoeatupthefoodonyourplate.5.It’sveryimportanttoforustohavedifferentkindsoffoods.6.It’seasytofindthedoctors.7.It’snecessaryforustowearsportsclothesontheplayground.8.It’snecessaryforustoknowdifferentuniformsinourdailylife.【注意】区别句式It’s+形容词+forsb.todosth.It’s+形容词+ofsb.todosth.对比：It’simpoliteofthemantowearjeanstogotoaformalmeeting.It’snecessaryforustowearsportsclothesontheplayground.解析：如果形容词是描述人品质的，则用of连接。如果不是则用for更多例句：It’sniceofyou.It’skindofyoutohelpme.不能说成It’skindforyoutohelpme.It’simportantforyoutolearnEnglishwell.不能说成It’simportantofyoutolearnEnglish.●区别not…anylonger/nolongerHedoesn’thatethedriveranylonger=Henolongerhatethedriver.Henolongerstaysinhisroombyhimself=Ittakesb.st.todosth.某人花费。。。时间做某事Itwilltakeusafewdaystogettherebybike●区别spend/pay/cost/takeSpend通常是人做主语，常用短语是spend..+时间或金钱..(in)doingsth.Spend+时间或金钱.onsth.表示“某人做某事花费。。。。时间或金钱Pay..。。。人做主语。常用短语sb.pay...+金钱+forsth.表示“某人为某物支付。。。金钱Cost..物做主语表示某物花费某人多少钱sth.costsb.+金钱Take通常和it连用，构成句式Ittakesb.+时间或金钱+todosth.表示某人花费。。。时间或金钱做某事例子：Ispent20yuan(in)buyingthisbook.(in可以省略)=Ispent20yuanonthisbook.Ipaid20yuanforthisbook.Ittookme20yuantobuythisbook.Thebookcostme20yuan.注意：spend和take还可以表示花费时间做某事。Ispenttwohoursonmyhomework.=Ispenttwohoursdoingmyhomework.=Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.我花了俩个小时做家庭作业。区别Older/elderhowlong/howfar区别副词和形容词happy/happilycareful/carefullyThechildrenareplayinggameshappily.Thechildrenarelivingahappylife.●正确使用句式too….to….(表示太。。。。而不能。。。。)Heistooworriedtothinkaboutwhattodo.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.●Not…until句式Hedidn’traisehisheaduntilsomeonecalledhim.Hedidn’tanswerthequestionuntiltheteachercalledhim.Mybrotherdidn’tgotoschooluntilhewas7yearsold.正确使用句式：notonly...butalso不仅。。。。而且。。。该短语遵循“就近原则”例如：NotonlyIbutalsoheisfromChina.=NotonlyhebutalsoIamfromChina.Weshouldnotonlyeatenoughhealthyfoodbutalsoeatregularly.正确使用下列句式：so...that(如此。。。。以至于)Suchthat...如此。。。以致。。。。sothat以便。。。例子：It’ssuchacoolwindbreakerthatyoushouldbuyitatonce.=It’ssocoolawindbreakerthatyoushouldbuyitatonce.解析：so修饰形容词such修饰名词many,much,little,few等只能和s