2026年黑龙江省北师大版初中英语第8单元语法专项训练习题

2026年黑龙江省北师大版初中英语第8单元语法专项训练习题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.The8thunitoftheNorthNormalUniversityeditionEnglishtextbookforjuniorhighschoolinHeilongjiangProvincein2026mainlyfocusesonthegrammaticalstructureof______.A.presentperfecttenseandpastperfecttenseB.futuresimpletenseandpresentcontinuoustenseC.passivevoiceandreportedspeechD.directspeechandindirectspeech解析：根据题干要求，2026年黑龙江省北师大版初中英语第8单元的核心语法内容需明确。北师大版初中英语教材通常按照语法体系编排单元，第8单元常见主题包括时态、语态或句式变换。选项A涉及完成时态，B涉及将来时和进行时，C涉及被动语态和间接引语，D涉及直接和间接引语。结合初中英语语法教学顺序，第8单元常聚焦于更复杂的时态或句式，如被动语态和间接引语是初中阶段重点语法项目，符合北师大版教材编排逻辑。因此正确答案为C。其他选项中，A和B属于基础时态，通常安排在更早单元；D虽为重要语法，但一般安排在更高级别单元。2.Inthesentence"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim,"theunderlinedpartfunctionsasa______.A.presentparticiplephraseB.pastparticiplephraseC.passivevoiceconstructionD.subjectcomplement解析：题干考查被动语态结构。分析句子成分可知，"Thebook"是主语，"waswritten"是谓语动词的被动形式，"byhim"是介词短语表被动动作执行者。选项A和B涉及非谓语动词，但此处无独立动词原形或分词形式；D表主系表结构，但此处无系动词连接表语。因此正确答案为C，"waswrittenbyhim"构成被动语态。干扰项迷惑性在于易误认为"written"为过去分词，但需注意被动语态中be动词后的过去分词需与助动词be保持一致。3.Theteacherasked,"Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?"Whenthestudentanswered,heused______.A.directspeechB.reportedspeechC.interrogativemoodD.imperativemood解析：题干考查直接引语与间接引语转换。原句为直接引语（直接转述教师原话），学生回答时需改为间接引语（转述教师询问内容）。选项B正确，间接引语需将直接引语的动词时态、人称和标点符号进行相应调整。选项A与题干矛盾，C和D分别指疑问语气和祈使语气，与引语类型无关。正确答案为B。需注意间接引语中一般现在时不变、一般过去时变过去完成时等规则。4.Thesentence"Thestudentsarediscussingthenewrules"isanexampleof______.A.activevoiceB.passivevoiceC.imperativesentenceD.exclamatorysentence解析：题干考查主动语态判断。分析句子结构，"Thestudents"是主语，"arediscussing"是主动关系（主语执行动作），"thenewrules"是宾语。选项B表被动关系，但此处主语主动讨论规则；C表命令语气，但句式为陈述句；D表感叹语气，但句式为陈述句。因此正确答案为A。主动语态中主语执行谓语动词所表示的动作，需与题干描述一致。5.Inthesentence"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic,"theunderlinedpartindicatesa______.A.realconditionB.unrealconditionC.mixedconditionD.hypotheticalcondition解析：题干考查虚拟语气条件句。分析句式结构，"If"引导条件状语从句，"itrainstomorrow"描述未来可能发生的情况，"wewillcancel"为结果状语从句。根据虚拟语气规则，条件句主句用"will+动词原形"表将来真实条件。选项B表与现在事实相反，如"IfIwereabird"；C表现在真实/将来虚假条件混合；D为非标准术语。因此正确答案为A。需注意虚拟语气与真实条件句的时态搭配规则。6.Thesentence"TheletterwaswrittenbyJohnyesterday"contains______.A.twopassivevoiceconstructionsB.anactivevoiceconstructionandapassivevoiceconstructionC.adirectspeechandanindirectspeechD.apresentparticipleandapastparticiple解析：题干考查复合句结构分析。句子中"waswrittenbyJohn"是被动语态，"yesterday"是时间状语。选项A错误，仅含一个被动结构；B正确，主句被动结构外无主动结构；C与引语类型无关；D涉及分词，但此处无独立动词形式。因此正确答案为B。需注意被动语态中be动词与过去分词的固定搭配。7.Theteachersaid,"Youshouldstudyharder."Thestudentreporteditas,"Theteacheradvisedhimtostudyharder."Thechangeinvolves______.A.tensetransformationB.pronounsubstitutionC.directspeechtoreportedspeechD.moodtransformation解析：题干考查直接引语与间接引语转换。原句直接引语为祈使句，转述时变为间接引语"advisedhimtostudyharder"。转换过程涉及：1)人称代词"you"→"him"；2)情态动词"should"保留；3)句式从祈使句变为一般过去时建议句。选项A和B未完全体现转换特征；D涉及语气变化，但此处为句式转换。因此正确答案为C。需注意间接引语中be动词、情态动词和人称代词的统一调整规则。8.Thesentence"Thebookisinteresting"isanexampleof______.A.activevoiceB.passivevoiceC.declarativesentenceD.interrogativesentence解析：题干考查陈述句类型。句子结构为"主语+系动词+表语"（Thebook+is+interesting），属于系表结构陈述句。选项A和B涉及语态，但此处主语主动具有形容词性；C表声明语气，与句式一致；D表疑问语气，但句式为陈述句。因此正确答案为C。需注意系表结构陈述句与主系表结构的区别。9.Thesentence"Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework"contains______.A.directspeechB.reportedspeechC.apastperfecttenseD.animperativemood解析：题干考查间接引语与完成时态。句子为间接引语（转述他人话语），且"hadfinished"为过去完成时，表示动作在间接引语从句动作之前完成。选项A与题干矛盾；B正确，符合间接引语特征；C正确，时态符合间接引语规则；D与句式无关。因此正确答案为B和C，但需选择最核心考点。间接引语是更本质的考查点，故选B。需注意间接引语中过去完成时的使用场景。10.Thesentence"Thewindowwasbrokenbythewind"isanexampleof______.A.activevoiceB.passivevoiceC.acompoundsentenceD.acomplexsentence解析：题干考查被动语态结构。句子中"thewindow"是主语，"wasbroken"是被动谓语，"bythewind"是施动者。选项A表主动关系，但此处主语受动；B正确，符合被动语态特征；C表并列关系，但此处为主从结构；D表复杂句，但此处为简单句。因此正确答案为B。需注意被动语态中by引出施动者的固定用法。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Inthesentence"TheletterwaswrittenbyJohnyesterday,"theunderlinedpartindicatesthat______.2.Theteachersaid,"Youmustfinishthehomeworktoday."Thestudentreporteditas,"Theteacherdemandedthathe______thehomeworkthatday."3.Thesentence"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgotothepark"describesa______condition.4.Thesentence"Thebookisonthetable"isanexampleofa______sentence.5.Inthesentence"Shesaidthatshewastired,"theunderlinedpartisanexampleof______.6.Thesentence"Thewindowwasbrokenbythewind"containsa______voiceconstruction.7.Theteacherasked,"Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?"Thestudentanswered,"Yes,I______."Thisisanexampleof______.8.Thesentence"Thestudentsarediscussingthenewrules"containsa______mood.9.Inthesentence"IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder,"theunderlinedpartindicatesa______condition.10.Thesentence"TheletterwaswrittenbyJohnyesterday"containsa______construction.三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Inthesentence"ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn,""written"isapresentparticiple.(×)解析：错误。"written"在被动语态中是过去分词，需与be动词保持一致，而非独立存在。2.Thesentence"IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky"isanexampleofarealcondition.(×)解析：错误。此句为虚拟语气第二类条件句，表与现在事实相反的假设，属于非真实条件。3.Thesentence"Thestudentsarediscussingthenewrules"containsapassivevoiceconstruction.(×)解析：错误。主语"thestudents"主动执行"discussing"动作，属于主动语态。4.Inthesentence"Shesaidthatshewastired,"theunderlinedpartisanexampleofdirectspeech.(×)解析：错误。此句为间接引语，转述了他人原话，而非直接引语。5.Thesentence"Thewindowwasbrokenbythewind"containsanactivevoiceconstruction.(×)解析：错误。主语"thewindow"被动承受"broken"动作，属于被动语态。6.Thesentence"Youshouldstudyharder"isanexampleofanimperativesentence.(√)解析：正确。句式以情态动词"should"开头，表命令或建议，属于祈使句。7.Thesentence"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic"describesarealcondition.(√)解析：正确。条件句主句用"will+动词原形"表将来真实条件。8.Thesentence"Thebookisinteresting"isanexampleofadeclarativesentence.(√)解析：正确。句式为主系表结构，表声明或陈述事实，属于陈述句。9.Thesentence"Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework"containsapastperfecttense.(√)解析：正确。间接引语中"hadfinished"表动作在从句动作之前完成，属于过去完成时。10.Thesentence"TheletterwaswrittenbyJohnyesterday"containsapassivevoiceconstruction.(√)解析：正确。"waswritten"是被动谓语，表主语受动，属于被动语态。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenactivevoiceandpassivevoice?参考答案：主动语态中主语执行谓语动词所表示的动作（如"Thestudentsdiscusstherules"）；被动语态中主语承受谓语动词所表示的动作（如"Therulesarediscussedbythestudents"）。区别在于主语与动词的逻辑关系：主动主语施动，被动主语受动。解析：需从主语角色、动词形式（be+过去分词）、by引出施动者等角度对比两种语态的结构特征和逻辑关系。2.Howdoyouconvertdirectspeechtoreportedspeech?参考答案：1)人称代词变化（如I→he/she）；2)be动词时态调整（如is→was）；3)情态动词保留（如should→should）；4)直接引语标点符号改为间接引语标点符号。解析：需结合具体转换规则，如"yousaidthathewouldgo"中涉及人称、时态和情态动词的统一调整。3.Whatisthefunctionofthe"by"inpassivevoiceconstructions?参考答案："by"引出动作的执行者（施动者），如"ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn"中"John"是施动者。若省略"by"，则不强调施动者。解析：需从介词功能、施动者角色、省略条件等角度说明"by"的语法作用。4.Howdoyouidentifyadeclarativesentence?参考答案：通过判断句式是否为主系表结构（表陈述事实或声明），如"Thebookisinteresting"；或主谓宾结构（表陈述动作），如"Thestudentsdiscusstherules"。解析：需从句式类型（陈述句）、语气（陈述语气）、功能（表事实或动作）等角度识别。5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenarealconditionandahypotheticalcondition?参考答案：真实条件句主句用"will+动词原形"表将来可能发生的情况（如"Ifitrains,wewillgo"）；假设条件句主句用"would/could/might+动词原形"表与事实相反的假设（如"IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder"）。解析：需从时态搭配、语气特征（真实/非真实）等角度对比两种条件句的语法规则。6.Howdoyouidentifyapassivevoiceconstruction?参考答案：通过判断句式是否为"be动词+过去分词"（如"iswritten"），且主语承受动作。若省略"by"，则更强调动作本身。解析：需从谓语结构（be动词+过去分词）、主语角色（受动）、介词使用（by引出施动者）等角度识别。7.Whatisthefunctionofthe"that"inreportedspeech?参考答案："that"在间接引语中连接主句与从句，如"Shesaidthatshewouldgo"中的"that"无实际意义，但需保留。解析：需从连接词功能、语法必要性、与直接引语对比等角度说明。8.Howdoyouidentifyacompoundsentence?参考答案：通过判断句子是否包含两个或以上独立分句（主句），且分句间用连词（如and/but）或分号连接。如"Thestudentsdiscusstherules,andtheytakenotes."解析：需从分句数量（两个以上）、连接方式（连词/分号）、逻辑关系（并列/递进）等角度识别。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Convertthefollowingdirectspeechtoreportedspeech:"Theteachersaid,'Youmustfinishyourhomeworktoday.'"参考答案："Theteacherdemandedthatwe(should)finishourhomeworkthatday."解析：1)人称代词"you"→"we"；2)情态动词"must"→"should"；3)时间状语"today"→"thatday"；4)句式从祈使句变为一般过去时建议句。需注意间接引语中情态动词的保留规则。2.Identifythevoiceandmoodofthefollowingsentence:"Thebookisinteresting."参考答案：Voice:Active;Mood:Declarative.解析：主语"thebook"主动具有形容词性"interesting"，属于主动语态；句式为主系表结构，表声明事实，属于陈述句。需从主语角色、动词形式、句式类型等角度分析。3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinpassivevoice:"Thestudentsdiscussedthenewrules."参考答案："Thenewruleswerediscussedbythestudents."解析：1)主语"thestudents"→"thenewrules"；2)主动谓语"discussed"→被动谓语"werediscussed"；3)添加"bythestudents"表施动者。需注意被动语态中be动词与过去分词的固定搭配。4.Identifythetypeofconditioninthefollowingsentence:"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."参考答案：Realcondition.解析：条件句主句用"will+动词原形"表将来可能发生的情况，符合真实条件句规则。需从时态搭配（"if"从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时）判断。5.Convertthefollowingreportedspeechtodirectspeech:"Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomework."参考答案："Shesaid,'Ihavefinishedmyhomework.'"解析：1)that连接词删除；2)时态调整"hadfinished"→"havefinished"；3)人称代词"she"→"I"；4)句式从一般过去时变为现在完成时。需注意间接引语到直接引语的逆向转换规则。6.Identifythegrammaticalstructureinthefollowingsentence:"TheletterwaswrittenbyJohnyesterday."参考答案：Passivevoiceconstruction.解析：被动语态结构"be动词+过去分词"（"waswritten"），且"byJohn"表施动者。需从谓语形式、主语角色、介词使用等角度分析。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.C2.C3.C4.A5.A6.B7.C8.C9.B10.B二、填空题1.主语被动承受动作2.finish3.真实4.陈述5.间接引语6.被动7.finished,indirectspeech8.主动9.假设10.被动三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.√7.√8.√9.√10.√四、简答题1.主动语态主语施动，被动语态主语受动；结构上主动be动词+动词原形，被动be动词+过去分词；被动语态常省略施动者。2.人称代词、be动词、情态动词调整；直接引语标点改为间接引语标点；删除that连接词（若存在）。3."by"引出动作执行者（施动者），如"ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn"中"John"是施动者。若省略"by"，则不强调施动者。4.通过判断句式是否为主系表结构（表陈述事实或声明），如"Thebookisinteresting"；或主谓宾结构（表陈述动作），如"Thestudentsdiscusstherules"。5.真实条件句主句用"will+动词原形"表将来可能发生的情况（如"Ifitrains,wewillgo"）；假设条件句主句用"w