2019年北京市中考英语真题及答案解析

第第页2019年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语(满分:60分考试时间:90分钟)知识运用(共14分)一、单项填空(共6分,每小题0.5分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Mr.Wangiscomingtoourschool.Ican'twaittosee.

A.her B.him C.it D.them2.Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday.

A.on B.to C.in D.of3.—Excuseme,isthisT-shirt?

—It's88yuan.A.howmuch B.howmany C.howlong D.howold4.—Lily,youfinishtheletterintenminutes?

—Yes,Ican.A.must B.should C.need D.can5.Thiscapisnice,itdoesn'tlookgoodonme.

A.for B.so C.but D.or6.Julietakesgoodcareofthefamilydog.Sheisthanherbrother.

A.patient B.morepatientC.mostpatient D.themostpatient7.Samwithhisfriendseveryweekend.

A.skates B.isskating C.hasskated D.wasskating8.—Tom,what'syourdaddoing?—Hemybike.

A.repairs B.willrepair C.hasrepaired D.isrepairing9.Ourschoollifealotsince2017.Wehavemoreactivitiesnow.

A.changes B.changed C.willchange D.haschanged10.IfyouwanttovisitthePalaceMuseum,Iticketsforyoutomorrow.

A.willbook B.booked C.havebooked D.wasbooking11.MyadviceonhowtosavepaperbymyclasslastMonday.

A.accepts B.accepted C.wasaccepted D.isaccepted12.—Didyounoticeinheroffice?

—Yes.Shewasgoingoverourwriting.A.whatwasMissLindoing B.whatMissLinwasdoingC.whatdoesMissLindo D.whatMissLindoes二、完形填空(共8分,每小题1分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。RunforClassPresidentTwomonthsago,whenourclasselection(选举)started,Idecidedtorunforclasspresident.Ienjoyedspeakinginpublicandgotalongwellwithpeople,soIfeltiteasytowin.ButIwas13thatpeoplewouldfeelbadformeifIlost.

Iwasbusypreparinginthefollowingweek.Myplanwasn'ttomakepromisestodothingsIcouldn't14buttoshowmyclasswhyIwantedtobepresident.Iputupmypostersinhallwaysandintheclassroom.Ialsospentthreehourswritingmyspeech,sayingthatIwastheonetheycouldturntowhenevertheyhadaproblem.SinceIwas15prepared,Ifeltthatmychancesofwinningwerestrong.

However,whenIgavemyspeechonElectionDay,theresponse(反应)wasn'twhatIhad16.Fewpeopleactuallylistened.Whenitwasmyopponent's(对手的)turn,everyonewasscreaminghisname.Hisspeechwasshort,butalltothepoint.Bythen,IrealizedIshouldhavemademineshorterandclearer.

Itwasobviouswhowould17.Fortherestoftheday,Ifeltlikeitwasover.Iwantedtojustgohomeandcry,butImadeitthrough.

My18wasright:Ididn'twin.

Thenextday,peoplewerestilltalkingabouttheelection.Ijustpretended(假装)nottohear.Butlater,thingsgotbetter.People19abouttheelectionandtalkedtomejustastheydidbefore.

Idon'tregretputtingtimeandenergyintotheelectionbecauseI'velearnedthatthingsaren'talwaysgoingthewayIexpect.Andmomentsoffailurelikethisbuild20—sincethenI'velearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger.

13.A.bored B.afraid C.excited D.hopeful14.A.compare B.remember C.manage D.repeat15.A.fully B.quickly C.freshly D.physically16.A.feared B.faced C.mentioned D.pictured17.A.insist B.return C.wait D.win18.A.suggestion B.prediction C.direction D.introduction19.A.forgot B.wrote C.cared D.discussed20.A.trust B.pride C.character D.support阅读理解(共36分)三、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)AExperiencingChinaMike,CanadaIspentthreemonthswithmyhostfamily(接待家庭)inChina.Itwasalifetimeexperience.IwasabletoexperienceChineselivingandculture,frombasicTaiChitoBeijingOpera.IevenvisitedafamoustraditionalChinesemedicinehospital.NowIhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Joanna,AustraliaIstayedwithmyhostfamilyforfivemonths.MyhostmotherisaChineseteacherandsheisreallywarm-hearted.Withherhelp,myChinesehasimprovedalot.AndIhavegotusedtoanewculture.MyfavoritepartoftheexperiencewassharingmyfeelingsinChinawithher.Bill,AmericaMyhostmotherisawonderfulcook!ShemakesmeallkindsoftraditionalChinesedishes.TheyaretastyandIlikethemverymuch.Justlikeme,myhostparentslovetolearnaboutdifferentcultures.TheyoftenaskmequestionsaboutlifeinAmerica.Cindy,GermanyRecentlyItookpartinaprogramtostudyChinese.IlivedwithahostfamilyinChinaforsixmonths.Myhostsisterisareallyhardworkingstudent.ItwasamazingtoseehowshemadeprogressinEnglish.Andacloserelationshiphasdevelopedbetweenus.21.WhovisitedatraditionalChinesemedicinehospital?A.Mike. B.Joanna.C.Bill. D.Cindy.22.HowlongdidJoannastaywithherhostfamilyinChina?A.Threemonths. B.Fourmonths.C.Fivemonths. D.Sixmonths.23.Cindythinksherhostsisteris.

A.awonderfulcookB.aresponsibledoctorC.awarm-heartedteacherD.ahardworkingstudentBBlueLightningSallylovedcarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.Sosheaskedherdadforhelp.“Well,”hesaid.“Howaboutthis:youdosomeresearchfirstandthencomebacktomewithadesign.”Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoDad.Shenamedhergo-kart“BlueLightning”.Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking.“Well,that'sinteresting,”hesaid.“Haveatry.JustbuildBlueLightningasyou'vedesigned.”Overthreeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.Aftershedidthat,SallydrovebacktoDad.“Well,”shesaid.“NowIknowwhyyouwantedmetohaveatestdrive.”“Oh,doyou?”hesaid.“Pleaseshare.”“WhenIdrovefast,therewasalotofpushback,”shesaid.“Ithinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt(闪电)shape.”“Verygood!”Dadsaid.“So,whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?”Sallyasked.Dadlaughed.“Where'sthefuninthat?Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifyouteachamantofish,he'lleatforalifetime.”Sallysaid,“Isee.Anyway,designingishalfthefun!”Dadsmiled.“Good.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearnhowtodosomethingrightbydoingitafewtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongtheway.”ThatencouragedSallyandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheshowedDadhernewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.Finallycametherace.Sallywasn'tworriedaboutwhethershewouldwin—inhermind,shehadalreadywon,bybuildingsomethingbetterthaneverbefore.24.Sallythoughtofbuildingago-kartto.

A.practicedriving B.enterforaraceC.playwithfriends D.dosomeresearch25.WhatdidSally'sdadaskhertodoaftershebuiltthego-kart?A.Tohaveatestdrive. B.Totakeagoodrest.C.Togiveitacoolname. D.Topaintitlightblue.26.Sally'sstorymainlytellsusthat.

A.winningaraceisimportantB.fishingbringsusalotoffunC.drivingexperienceisnecessaryD.learninghappensduringtheprocessCSometimesitseemsthattimeisflying.Perhapsitdoesn'tneedtofeelthisway.Ourexperienceoftimecanbepossiblychanged.Byunderstandingthepsychological(心理学的)processesbehindourdifferentexperiencesoftime,wemightbeabletoslowdowntimealittle.Onebasiclawofpsychologicaltimeisthattimeseemstoslowdownwhenwe'reexposed(接触)tonewenvironmentsandexperiences.Thelawiscausedbytherelationshipbetweenourexperienceoftimeandtheamountofinformationourmindsprocess.Themoreinformationourmindstakein,theslowertimeseemstopass.Itfollows,then,thatwehavedifferentexperiencesoftimeindifferentsituations.Insomesituations,ourlifeisfullofnewexperiences.Ourmindsprocessalotofinformationandtimeseemstoslowdown.Inothersituations,wehavefewernewexperiencesandtheworldaroundusbecomesmoreandmorefamiliar(熟悉的).Webecomeinsensitivetoourexperience,whichmeansweprocesslessinformation,andtimeseemstospeedup.Howcanweslowdowntime?Herearetwosuggestions.Firstly,sinceweknowthatfamiliaritymakestimepassfaster,wecanexposeourselvestoasmanynewexperiencesaspossible.Wecangiveourselvesnewchallenges,meetnewpeople,andexposeourmindstonewinformation,hobbiesandskills.Thiswillincreasetheamountofinformationourmindsprocessandexpand(增加)ourexperienceoftime.Secondly,andperhapsmosteffectively,wecangiveourwholeattentiontoanexperience—towhatweareseeing,feeling,tasting,smellingorhearing.Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherthanthroughourthoughts.Forexample,onthewayhome,focusyourattentionoutsideofyourself,insteadofthinkingabouttheproblemsyouhavetodealwith.Lookatthesky,oratthebuildingsyoupass,travelingamongthem.Thisopenattitudetoyourexperienceshelpstakeinmoreinformationandalsohasatime-expandingeffect.Toacertaindegree,wecanunderstandandcontrolourexperienceoftimepassing.It'spossibleforustoslowdowntimebyexpandingourexperienceoftime.27.Accordingtothewriter,wecanexpandourexperienceoftimeby.

A.goingtobedontime B.travelingtonewplacesC.havingdinnerasusual D.printingthesamematerials28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Beingfamiliarwiththeworldaroundhelpsusgetmoreinformation.B.Understandingpsychologicaltimemakeslifepassmorequickly.C.Wecantakeinmoreinformationbylivingthroughoursenses.D.Weshouldbuildastrongerrelationshipbetweentimeandus.29.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SlowDownTime B.OnlyTimeWillTellC.RaceAgainstTime D.TimeWillNotComeTwiceDHowMuchCanWeAffordtoForget?In2018,Sciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudents.Mostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimememorizingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivities.AstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful,studentscanaccess(获得)knowledgeeasily.Whyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads?Civilizations(文明)developthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary.IntheAgricultural(农业的)Age,afarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills.Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.Nowadays,smartmachinesgiveusaccesstomosthumanknowledge.Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?Researchershaverecognizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.Forone,humanbeingshavebiases(偏见),andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases.Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.Anotherproblemrelatestotheeaseofaccessinginformation.Whentherewerenocomputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks,andwhatliesinourheads.Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence,wehaveeasyaccesstosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourwell-being(健康)dependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldproduceterribleresults.Withoutfoodwegethungry;withoutenergywefeelcold.Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills.Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworks,andcanbefoundwhenweneedthem,perhapsthey'renotreallyforgotten.Still,astimegoeson,wegraduallybutunquestionablybecomestrangerstofuturepeople.30.Whyaresmartmachineslikelytoincreaseourbiases?A.Becausetheygooffcourseintestingandscoring.B.Becausewecontrolthetrainingprocessonthem.C.Becauseweofferthemtoomuchinformation.D.Becausetheyoverusetheprovidedanswers.31.TheeaseofaccessinginformationfromtheInternet.

A.freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskillsB.preventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeedC.misleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknewtheknowledgeD.separatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachines32.Theword“collapse”inParagraph5probablymeans“”.

A.asuddenfailure B.thebasicruleC.adisappointingstart D.thegradualdevelopment33.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toquestionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage.B.Todiscussourproblemsofcommunicationwithmachines.C.Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingourmemorizingability.D.Toremindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember.四、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)HugeWavesDestroyingArcticIceFasterthanExpectedIcecoversmuchoftheArcticOcean(北冰洋).Somepiecesoficearehuge,likemovingislands.Astemperatureshaveincreased,however,someoftheicehasbeguntodisappear.Scientistshavediscoveredhugewaves(海浪)inthearcticwaters.ThewaveswerediscoveredbyaccidentinMay,2010.ScientistAlekseyMarchenkoandhisstudentssetoutonatrip.Theywantedtostudytheicywaters.OnMay2,theshiptraveledeastandstoppednexttoalargechunkoficearound50milesfromthesmallislandofHopen.Marchenkopreparedtoleadhisstudentsoutontotheice.“WewerereadytogobutwhenIwentout,Idiscoveredmanycracks(裂缝)around,”heremembers.Hedecidedtomovetheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe.Thefartherintheywent,hethought,thehardertheicewouldbecome.Astheypushedforward,however,theshipexperiencedsmallwaves,andthenbiggerones.Soon,thewavesbrokeuptheicearoundtheshipintothousandsofsmallerpieces.Withinanhour,Marchenkoandhisteamsawawavethatwasabout13feethigh.Theship'snavigation(航行)systemfinallyrecordedthelargestwaves.Theyweremorethan20feetinheight.Thewavesweresostrongthattheyforcedhugepiecesoficetojumpupanddown,breakingtheiceintosmallerpieceswithinjustonehour.Scientistshadneverimaginedthattheprocesscouldhappensofast.Thewavesintheseareasusedtobesmall.Thespeedandforceofthehugewavestheremakesitimpossibletoknowinadvancewhentheyarecoming.Thatcouldbedangerousfornavigatorsandlocalcommunitieswhoareunpreparedforhugewavesordependonseaicetoprotectthem.Wildlifelikepolarbearsandwalrusesthatdependonseaicetoliveisalsoindanger.Somescientiststhinkpeoplewillsoonseeevenbiggerwavesintheseicywaters.Aswavesbreakupice,theseaswillbecomemoreopen,andthewaveswillgetevenstronger.Therearestormytimesahead.34.WhendidMarchenkoandhisstudentsdiscoverhugewavesinthearcticwaters?

35.WhydidMarchenkoandhisstudentssetoutonthetrip?

36.WhatdidMarchenkodecidetodotokeepsafe?

37.Howhighwerethelargestwavesrecordedbythenavigationsystem?

38.WhatisParagraph7mainlyabout?

书面表达(共10分)五、文段表达(10分)39.从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目①假如你是李华,你们学校正在开展“安全月”宣传活动,倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报,你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情。请用英语回复一封邮件,告诉他海报上交的时间,并分享你设计海报的一些想法。提示词语:design,safetyrule,careful,protect,picture提示问题:●Whenshouldyouhandintheposter?●WhatwouldyouliketosharewithPeteraboutdesigningtheposter?DearPeter,I'mgladtoreceiveyouremail.

IfthereisanythingmorethatIcanhelpwith,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua题目②自律,即自我约束,是自我提升的一种途径,有助于我们成长,促使我们不断前行。某英文网站正在开展以“自律”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈为了增强自律意识,你做过什么,以及这样做给你带来的好处。提示词语:self-disciplined(自律的),plan,goal,habit,improve提示问题:●Whatdidyoudotobeself-disciplined?●Whatbenefitshaveyougotfromdoingso?Self-disciplineplaysanimportantroleinourlife.

12019年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语参考答案知识运用一、单项填空1.B句意:王先生要来我们学校。我迫不及待地想要见他。此题考查代词宾格。此处指代Mr.Wang(男性、第三人称单数),所以要用宾格him,因此选B。2.C句意:我们昨天在花园里种了一些花。此题考查介词的用法。在花园里种花,要用介词in。on表示“在……上面”;to表示“朝,向,到,位于……方向”;of表示“……的一部分”。因此选C。3.A句意:——劳驾,这件T恤衫多少钱?——88元。此题考查特殊疑问词组的用法。根据答句可以看出问句是对价格进行提问,因此选A。4.D句意:——Lily,你能在十分钟之内完成这封信吗?——是的,我可以。此题考查情态动词的用法。根据答语Ican可以推断出问句是在询问能力,要用can来问,因此选D。must必须;should应该;need需要。5.C句意:这顶帽子很漂亮,但是我戴上不好看。此题考查连词的用法。前面说“帽子漂亮”,后面说“我戴上不好看”,前后有明显的转折关系,因此选C。6.B句意:Julie把家里的狗照顾得很好。她比她弟弟更有耐心。此题考查形容词比较级的用法。根据空后的than可知设空处需用比较级,因此选B。7.A句意:Sam每个周末都跟他的朋友们去滑冰。此题考查一般现在时的用法。由everyweekend可知应用一般现在时,因此选A。8.D句意:——Tom,你爸爸在干什么?——他在修我的自行车。此题考查现在进行时的用法。问句是现在进行时,对此时此刻的事情进行提问,所以答句也要用现在进行时,因此选D。9.D句意:我们的校园生活从2017年开始变化很大。我们现在有更多的活动。此题考查现在完成时的用法。根据时间状语since2017可知应用现在完成时,因此选D。10.A句意:如果你想参观北京故宫博物院,我明天就给你订票。此题考查一般将来时。含条件状语从句的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”的原则,此处是主句谓语,所以要用一般将来时,因此选A。11.C句意:上周一我在如何节约用纸方面的建议被我的同学们接受了。此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语lastMonday可以确定是一般过去时;advice与accept之间是被动关系,且空后有表被动的标志词by,故用被动语态,因此选C。12.B句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。二、完形填空[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者竞选班长一事。作者喜欢演讲,人缘也不错,于是便参加了班长的竞选,并为此做了充分的准备。本以为胜券在握,没想到却落选了。虽然竞选失败了,但是作者学会了坚强勇敢地面对挫折。13.B根据下文的peoplewouldfeelbadformeifIlost可知,作者担心如果自己输了,同学们对他的印象就不好了。故选B。afraid担心的;bored厌倦的;excited兴奋的;hopeful充满希望的。14.C作者的计划不是承诺自己做不到的事,而是要向同学们展示自己为什么要当班长。故选C。manage勉力完成,设法做成;compare比较;remember记住;repeat重复。15.A从上文可以看出,作者有明确的计划,制作了海报,并花三个小时写了演讲稿。所以说作者做了很充分的准备。故选A。fully充分地;quickly迅速地;freshly刚刚;physically身体上。16.D作者对赢得竞选是很有信心的。由上文的However可知结果并不像作者所想象的那样。故选D。17.D上文提到作者和他的对手做演讲时同学们的反应,很明显能看出谁将会胜出。故选D。18.B上文提到作者根据听众的反应觉得自己要输了,结果他确实输了,此处表示他的预测是对的。故选B。19.A第二天,同学们都在谈论竞选。之后,情况慢慢变好,同学们渐渐遗忘了这件事,对待作者也像以往一样。故选A。20.C作者从失败中学会了如何面对挫折,并变得更强大。故选C。buildcharacter磨练意志。阅读理解三、A[语篇解读]本文以表格的形式讲述了四位来自不同国家的学生在中国接待家庭的经历。21.A细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的第四句话“IevenvisitedafamoustraditionalChinesemedicinehospital.”可知选A。22.C细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的第一句话“Istayedwithmyhostfamilyforfivemonths.”可知选C。23.D细节理解题。根据第四个表格中的第三句话“Myhostsisterisareallyhardworkingstudent.”可知选D。B[语篇解读]本文为记叙文,属于人物故事类。文章讲述了主人公Sally与父亲之间关于制作赛车的故事。24.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.”可知选B。25.A细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.”可知答案为A。26.D主旨大意题。倒数第三段中的“Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.”为本文的主旨句。故选D。C[语篇解读]本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来并提出了扩展时间体验的建议。27.B推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句Insomesituations,ourlifeisfullofnewexperiences.Ourmindsprocessalotofinformationandtimeseemstoslowdown.可知,体验新鲜事物可以延长时间体验,故选B。28.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Secondly,andperhapsmosteffectively,wecangiveourwholeattentiontoanexperience—towhatweareseeing,feeling,tasting,smellingorhearing.可知,通过感官来感受身边的事物可以接收到更多信息,故选C。29.A主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句提出了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来,并在第五段和第六段提出了如何扩展时间体验让时间慢下来的建议。故选A。D[语篇解读]本文为一篇议论文。随着网络的快速发展,学生还需要记忆大量的知识吗?我们能依赖智能机器去记忆吗?30.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrect