Unit 4 Friends forever Using language (1) 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语（外研版2019必修第一册）

UNIT4

FriendsforeverUsinglanguage(1)Attributiveclauses(1)Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1

Whatdoes

“that”refertoinsentence(a)?2

Whatdoes

“who”refertoinsentence(b)?“That”refersto“thepeople”insentence(a).“Who”refersto“people”insentence(b).a

Wecan...stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremain

friendswith.b

Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests...Attributiveclauses(1)Comparethetwogroupsofsentencesandanswerthequestions.3

Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?a

Wecan...stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremain

friendswith.b

Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests...Sentences(a)

and(b)

bothcontainaclausedefininganounineachsentence.Sentences

(c)

and(d)areeachconstructedwithapairofsimplesentences,withonedefininganounthatappearsintheothersentenceineachpair.cWecan...stayintouchwithpeople.Wewanttoremainfriendswiththem.dThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeople.Thesepeopleshareourinterests...Attributiveclauses(1)Comparethetwogroupsofsentencesandanswerthequestions.4

Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)

and(b)

inthereadingpassage?a

Wecan...stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremain

friendswith.b

Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests...Becausethereisacloserlinkandconnectionbetween“people”andtheclausedefiningitinsentences(a)

and(b)

.Italsomakesthepassageclearer,andcreatesanemphaticeffectonthepeopleorthingsbeingdefined.cWecan...stayintouchwithpeople.Wewanttoremainfriendswiththem.dThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeople.Thesepeopleshareourinterests...Attributiveclauses(1)Comparethetwogroupsofsentencesandanswerthequestions.5

Whatotherwordsareusedtointroduceattributiveclauses?Whatdo

theyreferto?a

Wecan...stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremain

friendswith.b

Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests...Otherwordsusedtointroduceattributiveclausesinclude“which”,“whom”and“whose”.Theycanrefertoanobjectorathing,apersonastheobjectofanactionandtherelationshipofbelonging.cWecan...stayintouchwithpeople.Wewanttoremainfriendswiththem.dThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeople.Thesepeopleshareourinterests...Attributiveclauses(1)Rewritetheunderlinedsentenceswiththat,

which,who,whomorwhose.Lucyismyfriend.Shehasahearingproblem.Whenshefirstcametomyschool,sheseemedlonely,butwesoonbecamefriends.Atfirstitwasdifficulttocommunicatewithher.SoIlearntanewlanguage.Itallowsmeto“speak”withmyhands.Lucyisasmartgirl.Herideasarealwaysinspiring.

Isometimeshaveproblems.Ican’tsolvethem.Whenthishappens,IalwaysaskLucyforhelp.Lucyisagoodlistener.Ienjoysharingmomentsofmylifewithher.Lucyismyfriendwho/thathasahearingproblem.SoIlearntanewlanguagethat/whichallowsmeto“speak”withmyhands.Lucyisasmartgirlwhoseideasarealwaysinspiring.Isometimeshaveproblems(that/which)Ican’tsolve.Lucyisagoodlistener

(who/whom/that)

Ienjoysharingmomentsofmylifewith.Attributiveclauses(1)Completetheonlineforumpostwiththat,which,who,whomorwhose.Walkinggroupwelcomesnewmembers!WalkandTalkisagroup1__________meetseverySunday.Itisfreetojoin.WalkandTalkisperfectforanyone2__________weekendsneedsomeexcitement.Weareallteenagers3___________lovewalkingandmakingnewfriends.Wewantyoutojoinus!Thenextwalk4__________isopentonewmembersison22July.Youcanalsobringyourfriends.However,anyone5__________youbringmustbeover12yearsold.Comealongandjointhefun!that/whichwhosethat/whowhich/thatwho/whom定语从句（1）——关系代词的用法1定语从句概述（1）定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。（2）构成Thebook

which（关系词）IamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.先行词定语从句我正在读的这本书是托马斯·哈代写的。Realwinnersarethose

whose（关系词）failuresinspirethemtogoatitagain.

先行词定语从句真正的赢家是那些被失败所鼓舞继续向前的人。

（3）分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。（限制性定语从句）Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。（非限制性定语从句）

关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as

关系副词：when，where，why关系代词的具体用法见下表： 关系代词先行词在从句中所作的成分that人、物主语、宾语which物主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语as人、物主语、宾语（4）关系词写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分（1）Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity，whothoughtlittleoftheseevents，wereasleepasusualthatnight._______________________________________________________________________________（2）ThemanwhosefatherIhavetalkedtoisJack._______________________________________________________________________________（3）Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses，roadsandcanals._______________________________________________________________________________（4）Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400，000._______________________________________________________________________________先行词：theonemillionpeopleofthecity；关系词：who，在从句中作主语先行词：theman；关系词：whose，在从句中作定语先行词：ahugecrack；关系词：that，在从句中作主语先行词：people；关系词：who，在从句中作主语写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分（5）Theycanchoosesomethingthattheylike._______________________________________________________________________________（6）［词汇复现］Thearmyorganisedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead._______________________________________________________________________________（7）Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed._______________________________________________________________________________（8）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenttohisfriend._______________________________________________________________________________先行词：something；关系词：that，在从句中作宾语先行词：those；关系词：who，在从句中作主语先行词：survivors；关系词：whose，在从句中作定语先行词：themoney；关系词：which，在从句中作宾语 2关系代词的用法（1）that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。（2）which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。（3）who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。（4）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用that/who代替。（5）whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。I’vegotanovel（which/that）youmayliketoread.我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。（指物，作宾语）Ihavenoideaaboutthemanwho/thatwrotethearticle.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。（指人，作主语）Whoisthegirl（whom/that/who）youtalkedtojustnow?刚才和你说话的那个女孩是谁？（指人，作宾语）Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那个女孩的名字吗?（指人，作定语）Ilikethehousewhosewindowfacessouth.我喜欢窗户朝南的那所房子。（指物，作定语） 【误区警示】（1）关系代词指代先行词且在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。Thefilm（that/which）wesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.（×）Thefilm（that/which）wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.（√）（2）关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。（3）way作先行词的定语从句当way表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰且定语从句中缺少状语时，引导定语从句可用that或inwhich，也可以省略。Idon’tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayhelaughedatme.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。 填上适当的关系代词，并写出关系代词的用法和功能（1）［词汇复现］ACD-ROMisaseparatedisk

containslotsofinformation.（）（2）Thisisthesuitcase

sheislookingfor.（）（3）［词汇复现］Thenumberofthepeople

cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.（） （4）Weareconcernedaboutthepeople

havesufferedalotintheearthquake.（）（5）Dannywastheman

werescuedfromtheruins.（）（6）Roseistheperson

youshouldcareabout.（）（7）Isthatthegirl

youspokeoftheotherday?（）（8）Iknowtheperson

housewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.（）（9）Helivedinahouse

wallsandroofhadpartlycollapsed.（）that/which指物，作主语that/which指物，作宾语，可以省略who/that指人，作主语who/that指人，作主语who/whom/that指人，作宾语，可以省略指人，作定语，修饰house指物，作定语，修饰wallsandroofwho/whom/that指人，作宾语，可以省略who/whom/that指人，作宾语，可以省略whosewhose3宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况（1）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。（2）当先行词是all，little，few，much，any，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。Anythingthatcanburnisasourceofheatenergy.任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。（3）当先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame等修饰时。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一的路。【学法点拨】以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”的概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词which是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以，用that引导万无一失。 （4）当先行词既包括人又包括物时。Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.他问起他参观过的工厂和拜访过的工人的情况。（5）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichofthebooksthathavepicturesisworthreading?哪本有插图的书值得一读？ 单句语法填空并分析（1）Thefirstthing

youshoulddoiscallthepolicerightaway.（2）Thisisthemostdeliciousfood

Ihaveeverhad.（3）All

canbedonehasbeendone.（4）Tellmeeverything

youknow.（5）Pleasesendusanyinformation

youhaveaboutthesubject.（6）Theonlything

shecoulddowasgotothepoliceforhelp.（7）Thisistheverybook

Iwanttobuy.（8）［词汇复现］Sometimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthings

upsetus.（9）Whichofthebooks

youboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?that先行词被序数词修饰that先行词被形容词最高级修饰that先行词是allthat先行词是everythingthat先行词被any修饰that先行词被theonly修饰that先行词被thevery修饰thatthat先行词既包括人又包括物主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句4宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。Themostimportantformofenergyiselectricalenergy，whichiswidelyusedinourdailylife.最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。（2）当关系代词前有介词时。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.=Theworldthatweliveinismadeofmatter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。（3）先行词是that时，为了避免重复，定语从句用which不用that引导。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？ 单句语法填空并分析（1）Football，

isaninterestinggame，isverypopularallovertheworld.（2）Thisisthehousein

MoYanoncelived.

（3）That

youtoldhimiswhatwewanttoknow.（4）Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore，

wasnottrue.whichthat不能引导非限制性定语从句which“介词+关系代词”时，关系代词用which不用thatwhich先行词本身是thatwhichthat不能引导非限制性定语从句5关系代词as引导的定语从句（1）as既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。它常用在thesame...as...，such...as...等结构中，as不能省略。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarelyseennowadays.你描述的这种人现在很少见了。【误区警示】当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但