2026年天津市人教版初中英语上册第12单元语法练习

2026年天津市人教版初中英语上册第12单元语法练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中动词时态使用正确的一项。A.Sheoftengoestothelibrarybecausesheneedtostudyfortheexamlastweek.B.MybrotherwasplayingbasketballwhenIcallhimyesterdayevening.C.Theywillbewatchingamovieifitraintomorrowafternoon.D.Theteachertoldusthatwemustfinishthehomeworkbeforewegotobedtonight.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"need"应为"needed"（一般过去时）；选项B中"call"应为"called"（一般过去时）；选项C中"rain"应为"rains"（一般现在时）；选项D时态使用正确，"mustfinish"（一般现在时）与"beforego"（一般将来时）符合时间逻辑，且主句用一般过去时，从句用一般现在时，符合宾语从句规则。2.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中代词使用正确的一项。A.ThisbookisbelongtoLilyandshewanttokeepitforalongtime.B.MysisterandIaregoingtothezoo,butourparentsdon’tjoinus.C.Everystudentinourclasshasapen,andtheyuseittowritenotes.D.Thereisagiftonthetable,whichitisfrommygrandfather.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"belongto"后需加名词形式"belongingto"；选项B中"join"应为"joinin"（固定搭配）；选项C中"they"指代"Everystudent"（单数可数名词的复数代词），使用正确；选项D中"which"指代"gift"（单数可数名词），应用"whichis"（单数限定词）。3.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中介词使用正确的一项。A.Sheisinterestedinplaythepiano,butshedoesn’thaveenoughtime.B.Thecatissleepingunderthebed,butthedogislyingontopofthetable.C.Hearrivedatschoolat7o’clockthismorning,buthewaslateforclass.D.Mybrotheristallerthanme,andIamshorterthanhe.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"play"前需加不定冠词"toplay"；选项B中"underthebed"和"ontopofthetable"介词使用正确；选项C中"arriveat"用于地点，但"lateforclass"需改为"latefortheclass"；选项D中"thanme"应为"thanI"（宾语从句需用陈述语序）。4.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中形容词比较级使用正确的一项。A.Thismathproblemismoredifficultthanthatone,butitismoreeasytosolve.B.Sheisthetallestgirlinourclass,andherbrotheristallerthanshe.C.Hiscarismoreexpensivethanmine,butitisthemostexpensiveinthefamily.D.Theweathertodayismorenicethanyesterday,anditwillbemorebettertomorrow.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"moreeasy"应为"easier"（形容词比较级需加-er）；选项B中"tallerthanshe"使用正确；选项C中"themostexpensive"与"moreexpensive"矛盾；选项D中"morenice"应为"nicer"，"morebetter"应为"better"（"good"的比较级为"better"）。5.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中非谓语动词使用正确的一项。A.Isawaboywhoisplayingtheguitarintheparkyesterdayafternoon.B.ShewantstovisitParisbecauseshehasneverbeentherebefore.C.ThebookwhichIboughtlastweekisveryinterestinganditkeepsmereadingallnight.D.MysisterisgoodatspeakEnglish,butshedoesn’tliketowriteessays.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"whoisplaying"时态错误，应为"whowasplaying"；选项B中"hasbeenthere"使用正确，表示过去完成时；选项C中"keepsmereading"时态错误，应为"keptmereading"；选项D中"goodatspeak"应为"goodatspeaking"。6.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中宾语从句使用正确的一项。A.MyteacheraskedmeifIgotothelibrarylastnight.B.Shesaidthatshewillcallmeassoonasshefinishthehomework.C.Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheprojectontimeornot.D.Hetoldmethatmybrotherwaslatebecausehelosthisway.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"ifgo"需改为"ifIwent"；选项B中"finish"需改为"finishes"（一般现在时）；选项C中"whether...ornot"结构多余，应为"whetherwecanfinish...";选项D时态和结构均正确。7.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中被动语态使用正确的一项。A.Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthorlastyear,anditispublishedinmanycountries.B.Myhousewasbrokenintolastnight,butnothingwasstolen.C.Thestudentsweremadetocleantheclassroombytheteacheryesterdaymorning.D.Themoviewaswatchedbyuslastweekend,butwedidn’tlikeit.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"published"时态错误，应为"waspublished"；选项B时态和被动语态使用正确；选项C中"weremadetoclean"结构正确，但"bytheteacher"多余（主动语态也可）；选项D中"waswatched"时态错误，应为"waswatched"。8.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中虚拟语气使用正确的一项。A.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotothepartylastnight.B.ShewishshecouldspeakEnglishfluently,butshecan’t.C.Itisimportantthatwemuststudyhardfortheexam.D.Hewouldhavepassedthetestifhehadstudiedharderlastmonth.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"wereyou"时态错误，应为"wereI"；选项B中"wish"后需加虚拟语气"couldspeak"；选项C中"muststudy"时态错误，应为"study"；选项D时态和虚拟语气使用正确。9.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中定语从句使用正确的一项。A.Thegirlwhoisplayingthepianoismysister,andsheisverytalented.B.ThebookthatIboughtlastweekisveryinteresting,anditkeepsmereadingallnight.C.TheteacherwhoteachesusEnglishisfromCanada,andsheiskindtous.D.Theboywhoseisplayingfootballintheparkismyfriend,butheisnotherenow.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"whoisplaying"时态错误，应为"whowasplaying"；选项B中"keepsmereading"时态错误，应为"keptmereading"；选项C时态和结构均正确；选项D中"whoseis"语法错误，应为"whoseisplaying"。10.根据第12单元语法内容，选择下列句子中状语从句使用正确的一项。A.AssoonasIfinishmyhomework,Iwillgotothelibrary.B.Shestudyhardbecauseshewanttopasstheexam.C.TherainstoppedwhenIwaswalkinghomeyesterdayevening.D.Hedidn’tgotothepartybecausehewastootired.参考答案：D解析：选项A时态错误，应为"AssoonasIfinishmyhomework,Iwillgotothelibrary"；选项B中"want"需改为"wants"（一般现在时）；选项C中"waswalking"时态错误，应为"waswalking"（过去进行时）；选项D时态和结构均正确。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Mybrother______(go)tothegymeverymorning,buthe______(notgo)todaybecausehe______(feel)sick.参考答案：goes,doesn’tgo,isfeeling解析：第一空用一般现在时表示习惯性动作；第二空用一般现在时否定形式；第三空用现在进行时表示临时状态。2.She______(study)Englishforthreeyears,andshe______(pass)theexamlastmonth.参考答案：hasstudied,passed解析：第一空用现在完成时表示持续动作；第二空用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。3.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,we______(notgo)tothepicnic.参考答案：rains,won’tgo解析：条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时否定形式。4.Theboy______(play)basketballintheparkwhenI______(see)himyesterdayafternoon.参考答案：wasplaying,saw解析：when引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。5.Itisimportantthatwe______(review)ournoteseverydaybeforetheexam.参考答案：review解析：important后的宾语从句用动词原形。6.Shewishshe______(be)tallersoshecouldreachtheshelfonthetopshelf.参考答案：were解析：wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，动词用过去式表示与事实相反。7.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyearisverypopularamongstudents.参考答案：waswritten解析：被动语态，一般过去时。8.Mybrotheristallerthanme,andIamshorterthan______.参考答案：him解析：than后的代词用宾格形式。9.Thegirlwho______(teach)usEnglishisfromCanada.参考答案：teaches解析：定语从句，一般现在时。10.Assoonasthebell______(ring),thestudents______(run)totheclassroom.参考答案：rings,willrun解析：assoonas引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Sheisinterestedinplaythepiano,butshedoesn’thaveenoughtime.(×)解析：应为"inplaying"（介词后需加动名词）。2.Thecatissleepingunderthebed,butthedogislyingontopofthetable.(√)解析：介词使用正确。3.Hearrivedatschoolat7o’clockthismorning,buthewaslateforclass.(√)解析：时态和表达均正确。4.Mybrotheristallerthanme,andIamshorterthanhe.(√)解析：比较级使用正确。5.Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthorlastyear,anditispublishedinmanycountries.(×)解析："ispublished"时态错误，应为"waspublished"。6.Myhousewasbrokenintolastnight,butnothingwasstolen.(√)解析：被动语态和时态使用正确。7.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotothepartylastnight.(×)解析："wereyou"时态错误，应为"wereI"。8.ShewishshecouldspeakEnglishfluently,butshecan’t.(×)解析："wish"后需加虚拟语气"couldspeak"。9.Theboywhoseisplayingfootballintheparkismyfriend,butheisnotherenow.(×)解析："whoseis"语法错误，应为"whoseisplaying"。10.AssoonasIfinishmyhomework,Iwillgotothelibrary.(√)解析：时态和结构均正确。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.简述第12单元中一般现在时和一般过去时的主要区别。参考答案：一般现在时用于表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实；一般过去时用于表示过去发生的动作或状态。例如："ShestudiesEnglisheveryday"（一般现在时）和"ShestudiedEnglishyesterday"（一般过去时）。2.解释第12单元中定语从句的用法和引导词。参考答案：定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，引导词包括关系代词（who,which,that,whose）和关系副词（when,where,why）。例如："Thegirlwhoisplayingthepianoismysister."3.说明第12单元中虚拟语气的三种情况及其用法。参考答案：虚拟语气分为与现在事实相反（"IfIwereyou"）、与过去事实相反（"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassed"）和与将来情况可能性不大（"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgo"）。4.分析第12单元中被动语态的构成和用法。参考答案：被动语态由"be动词+过去分词"构成，用于强调动作的承受者。例如："Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthor."5.解释第12单元中状语从句的功能和常见引导词。参考答案：状语从句用于修饰谓语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果等。常见引导词包括when,because,if,assoonas,so等。例如："Shewillcallyouassoonasshefinishesherhomework."6.说明第12单元中非谓语动词的三种形式及其用法。参考答案：非谓语动词包括不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）和分词（done）。例如："ShewantstovisitParis"（不定式）、"Readingismyhobby"（动名词）、"Thebookreadbyhimisinteresting"（分词）。7.解释第12单元中宾语从句的用法和引导词。参考答案：宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语，引导词包括that,if/whether,wh-疑问词。例如："Shesaidthatshewouldgototheparty."8.分析第12单元中比较级和最高级的构成规则及用法。参考答案：比较级加-er或more，最高级加-est或most。用于比较两者或多者。例如："Heistallerthanme"（比较级）、"Sheisthetallestgirlinourclass"（最高级）。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.阅读以下短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。Lastnight,myfamily______(go)tothecinema.Themovie______(be)veryinteresting,butit______(start)latebecausethepreviousshow______(notfinish)ontime.We______(wait)forabout20minutes,butwe______(notget)angrybecausethesnacksinthecinema______(be)delicious.Afterthemovie,we______(walk)hometogetherand______(talk)aboutthestory.参考答案：went,was,started,didn’tfinish,waited,didn’tget,were,walked,talked解析：根据时间状语"lastnight"用一般过去时；"didn’tfinish"表示过去未发生；"waited"表示持续动作；"didn’tgetangry"表示否定；"weredelicious"描述过去状态。2.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。(1)IfI______(have)moretime,I______(study)Englishforfourhourseveryday.参考答案：had,wouldstudy解析：虚拟语气，与现在事实相反。(2)Theboywho______(play)basketballintheparkismyfriend.参考答案：isplaying解析：定语从句，一般现在时。(3)Shewishshe______(be)tallersoshecouldreachtheshelfonthetopshelf.参考答案：were解析：虚拟语气，与事实相反。(4)Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyearisverypopularamongstudents.参考答案：waswritten解析：被动语态，一般过去时。3.阅读以下短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。Lastweekend,myfamily______(go)tothebeach.Theweather______(be)sunny,sowe______(decide)tobuildsandcastles.Mybrother______(notlike)swimming,buthe______(help)mewiththesand.We______(have)alotoffun,butwe______(get)homelatebecausewe______(play)inthesunfortoolong.参考答案：went,was,decided,didn’tlike,helped,had,got,played解析：根据时间状语"lastweekend"用一般过去时；"didn’tlike"表示否定；"helped"表示过去动作；"hadfun"固定搭配；"gothome"表示过去结果；"played"表示过去持续动作。4.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。(1)IfI______(have)acar,I______(take)youtothemuseumnextSunday.参考答案：had,wouldtake解析：虚拟语气，与将来情况可能性不大。(2)Thegirlwho______(teach)usEnglishisfromCanada.参考答案：teaches解析：定语从句，一般现在时。(3)She______(study)harderifshe______(want)topasstheexam.参考答案：wouldstudy,wanted解析：虚拟语气，条件状语从句用一般过去时。(4)ThebookwhichI______(buy)lastmonthisveryinteresting.参考答案：bought解析：定语从句，一般过去时。5.阅读以下短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Lastnight,myfamily______(go)tothecinema.Themovie______(be)veryinteresting,butit______(start)latebecausethepreviousshow______(notfinish)ontime.We______(wait)forabout20minutes,butwe______(notget)angrybecausethesnacksinthecinema______(be)delicious.Afterthemovie,we______(walk)hometogetherand______(talk)aboutthestory.参考答案：went,was,started,didn’tfinish,waited,didn’tget,were,walked,talked解析：根据时间状语"lastnight"用一般过去时；"didn’tfinish"表示过去未发生；"waited"表示持续动作；"didn’tgetangry"表示否定；"weredelicious"描述过去状态。6.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。(1)IfI______(have)moretime,I______(study)Englishforfourhourseveryday.参考答案：had,wouldstudy解析：虚拟语气，与现在事实相反。(2)Theboywho______(play)basketballintheparkismyfriend.参考答案：isplaying解析：定语从句，一般现在时。(3)Shewishshe______(be)tallersoshecouldreachtheshelfonthetopshelf.参考答案：were解析：虚拟语气，与事实相反。(4)Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyearisverypopularamongstudents.参考答案：waswritten解析：被动语态，一般过去时。7.阅读以下短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。Lastweekend,myfamily______(go)tothebeach.Theweather______(be)sunny,sowe______(decide)tobuildsandcastles.Mybrother______(notlike)swimming,buthe______(help)mewiththesand.We______(have)alotoffun,butwe______(get)homelatebecausewe______(play)inthesunfortoolong.参考答案：went,was,decided,didn’tlike,helped,had,got,played解析：根据时间状语"lastweekend"用一般过去时；"didn’tlike"表示否定；"helped"表示过去动作；"hadfun"固定搭配；"gothome"表示过去结果；"played"表示过去持续动作。8.用所给动词的适当形式填空，完成句子。(1)IfI______(have)acar,I______(take)youtothemuseumnextSunday.参考答案：had,wouldtake解析：虚拟语气，与将来情况可能性不大。(2)Thegirlwho______(teach)usEnglishisfromCanada.参考答案：teaches解析：定语从句，一般现在时。(3)She______(study)harderifshe______(want)topasstheexam.参考答案：wouldstudy,wanted解析：虚拟语气，条件状语从句用一般过去时。(4)ThebookwhichI______(buy)lastmonthisveryinteresting.参考答案：bought解析：定语从句，一般过去时。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.D2.C3.B4.B5.B6.D7.B8.D9.C10.D二、填空题1.goes,doesn’tgo,isfeeling2.hasstudied,passed3.rains,won’tgo4.wasplaying,saw5.review6.were7.waswritten8.him9.teaches10.rings,willrun三、判断题1.×2.√3.√4.√5.×6.√7.×8.×9.×10.√四、简答题1.一般现在时用于表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实；一般过去时用于表示过去发生的动作或状态。例如："ShestudiesEnglisheveryday"（一般现在时）和"ShestudiedEnglishyesterday"（一般过去时）。2.定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，引导词包括关系代词（who,which,that,whose）和关系副词（when,where,why）。例如："Thegirlwhoisplayingthepianoismysister."3.虚拟语气分为与现在事实相反（"IfIwereyou"）、与过去事实相反（