2026年广东省部编版初中英语下册第11单元同步练习题

2026年广东省部编版初中英语下册第11单元同步练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.根据第11单元课文内容，Whatisthemainideaofthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.Thehistoryofenvironmentalpollutionintheworld.B.Differentwayspeoplecantaketoprotecttheenvironment.C.Thecausesofglobalwarminganditseffectsonanimals.D.Theimportanceofplantingtreesandhowtodoiteffectively.解析：本题考查单元主题理解。根据课文内容，第11单元重点围绕环保展开，列举了多种环保措施（如节约用水、垃圾分类、植树等），故B项正确。A项是背景知识，非主旨；C项涉及动物保护，但非全文核心；D项仅是环保措施之一，片面。选项干扰性体现在A项的“历史”与C项的“动物”是相关但非重点内容，D项的“植树”是具体措施而非整体概括。2.Intheunit,LiMingsuggeststhatweshould______toreduceplasticwaste.WhichofthefollowingisNOThissuggestion?A.Usereusableshoppingbagsinsteadofplasticbags.B.Recycleplasticbottlesandcansproperly.C.Throwallplasticwastedirectlyintothetrashcan.D.Avoidbuyingproductswithexcessiveplasticpackaging.解析：本题考查细节信息提取。根据课文第3段，LiMing明确反对直接丢弃塑料垃圾（C项错误），并提倡使用环保袋、回收塑料、减少过度包装（A、B、D均正确）。干扰项C通过“直接丢弃”与原文建议形成强烈反差，迷惑性在于“所有塑料垃圾”的绝对化表述，实际课文强调分类处理。3.Thepassage"MyDreamJob"inUnit11describesafuturejob.Whichsentencebestdescribesthejobofaspaceexplorer?A.Theyworkinofficesanddealwithnumbersallday.B.Theytraveltoouterspacetostudyplanetsandstars.C.Theyteachscienceinschoolsandwritetextbooks.D.Theydesignrobotsandhelpfactoriesproducegoods.解析：本题考查文本内容对比。根据第11单元第2课，spaceexplorer的核心工作是探索太空（B项），其他选项分别对应会计师（A）、科学家（C）、工程师（D），均与原文描述不符。干扰项A通过“办公室”和“数字”将职业与文中的“太空探索”形成职业类型上的对立，干扰项C利用“科学”与“教学”的关联性进行迷惑。4.Whenthetextsays"Manypeoplebelievethatprotectingtheenvironmentiseveryone'sresponsibility,"whatdoesitmainlymean?A.Onlygovernmentofficialsshouldcareabouttheenvironment.B.Somepeoplethinkitisnotnecessarytoprotecttheenvironment.C.Everypersonhasaroletoplayinenvironmentalprotection.D.Environmentalprotectionismoreimportantthaneconomicdevelopment.解析：本题考查句意理解。根据第11单元第1课，该句强调环保的普遍性（C项），即个人责任。A项与“所有人”矛盾；B项曲解“believe”为否定态度；D项引入“经济发展”无关比较。干扰项A通过“官员”与“所有人”的群体范围差异制造误导，干扰项D通过引入无关的“经济发展”概念进行干扰。5.Inthepassage"HowtoStayHealthy,"whichadviceisNOTmentionedbyWangWei?A.Eatingabalanceddietwithvegetablesandfruits.B.Drinkingenoughwatereverydaytostayhydrated.C.Playingcomputergamesformorethan10hoursaweek.D.Gettingenoughsleepeverynighttorestwell.解析：本题考查否定信息筛选。根据第11单元第4课，WangWei建议健康饮食（A）、多喝水（B）、充足睡眠（D），但明确反对长时间玩游戏（C项错误）。干扰项C通过“游戏”与原文“健康建议”的领域差异制造迷惑，同时“10小时”的具体数字增加干扰性。6.Theunitincludesadialoguebetweentwostudentsdiscussingtheirfuturejobs.WhatdoesXiaoHuathinkaboutbeingadoctor?A.Itistoodifficultandrequirestoomuchstudying.B.Itisanoblejobthathelpsmanypeople.C.Itisboringbecausedoctorsalwaysworkinhospitals.D.Itisnotagoodchoicebecausedoctorsearnlittlemoney.解析：本题考查对话细节推断。根据第11单元第5课对话，XiaoHua认为医生职业崇高（B项），其他选项均与原文态度相反。干扰项A通过“困难”与原文“崇高”的积极性差异制造误导，干扰项C利用“医院”与“医生工作地点”的普遍认知进行迷惑。7.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"whydoestheauthorsuggestusingpublictransportation?A.Becauseitisthefastestwaytotravel.B.Becauseithelpsreduceairpollutionandsaveenergy.C.Becauseitismorecomfortablethandrivingacar.D.Becauseitischeaperthantakingataxi.解析：本题考查原因分析。根据第11单元第1课，使用公共交通的核心优势是环保（B项），其他选项是次要或无关因素。干扰项A通过“速度”与原文“环保”的核心目标差异制造误导，干扰项C利用“舒适度”与原文“环保”的领域差异进行迷惑。8.Thetext"MyDreamJob"mentionsthatajournalistneedsgoodcommunicationskills.Whatdoesthismainlymean?A.Thejournalistmustbegoodatwritingreports.B.Thejournalistmustbegoodatsolvingmathproblems.C.Thejournalistmustbegoodatmakingfriendseasily.D.Thejournalistmustbegoodatunderstandingandtalkingtopeople.解析：本题考查概念理解。根据第11单元第2课，communicationskills指人际交往能力（D项），即采访和表达。A项是写作能力，B项无关，C项曲解“friends”为社交技巧。干扰项A通过“写作”与“沟通”的技能类型差异制造误导，干扰项B引入无关的“数学”概念。9.Inthepassage"HowtoStayHealthy,"whydoesLiHuarecommendexercisingeveryday?A.Becauseitmakespeoplelookmoreattractive.B.Becauseitimprovesphysicalfitnessandmentalhealth.C.Becauseithelpspeopleloseweightquickly.D.Becauseitisagoodwaytowastetime.解析：本题考查建议目的分析。根据第11单元第4课，锻炼的目的是健康（B项），其他选项均与原文不符。干扰项A通过“外貌”与原文“健康”的表面性差异制造误导，干扰项C利用“减肥”与原文“全面健康”的片面性进行迷惑。10.Theunitincludesareadingpassageaboutafamousscientist.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellusabouther?A.Herearlylifeandhowshebecameinterestedinscience.B.Hermajorachievementsandcontributionstotheworld.C.Herdailyroutineandhobbiesoutsideofwork.D.Herfamilybackgroundandwhereshegrewup.解析：本题考查主旨概括。根据第11单元第3课，文章重点介绍科学家的成就（B项），其他选项是次要信息。干扰项A通过“早期生活”与原文“成就”的阶段性差异制造误导，干扰项C利用“爱好”与原文“科学贡献”的领域差异进行迷惑。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"onewaytoreducewaterwasteisto______whenyoubrushyourteeth.参考答案：turnoffthetap解析：根据第11单元第1课第2段，刷牙时关闭水龙头是节约用水的具体做法，填空处需填写动词短语。选项“turnoffthetap”与原文“turnoffthewaterwhenbrushingyourteeth”完全对应。2.Inthedialogueintheunit,ZhangWeisuggeststhatweshould______tosaveenergyathome.参考答案：turnoffthelightswhenleavingaroom解析：根据第11单元第1课第3段对话，张伟建议离开房间时关灯，填空处需填写动词短语。选项“turnoffthelightswhenleavingaroom”与原文“Don'tleavethelightsonwhenyouleavearoom”对应。3.Thepassage"MyDreamJob"mentionsthatapilotmustbe______tohandleemergenciesintheair.参考答案：careful解析：根据第11单元第2课第1段，飞行员需要谨慎处理空中紧急情况，填空处需填写形容词。选项“careful”与原文“mustbecarefulwhendealingwithemergencies”对应。4.Inthetext"HowtoStayHealthy,"WangWeiadvisesstudentsto______everydaytokeepfit.参考答案：doexercise解析：根据第11单元第4课第2段，王伟建议每天锻炼，填空处需填写动词短语。选项“doexercise”与原文“advisesstudentstodoexerciseeveryday”对应。5.Theunitincludesapassageaboutafamousscientist.Hernameis______andshemadeimportantdiscoveriesinphysics.参考答案：MarieCurie解析：根据第11单元第3课，文章介绍的是居里夫人，填空处需填写人名。选项“MarieCurie”与原文“MarieCurie,afamousphysicist”对应。6.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"theauthorsuggeststhatweshould______insteadofusingdisposableplasticcups.参考答案：useareusablecup解析：根据第11单元第1课第4段，作者建议使用可重复使用的杯子，填空处需填写动词短语。选项“useareusablecup”与原文“useareusablecupinsteadofdisposableones”对应。7.Thedialogueintheunitmentionsthatajournalistneedstobe______tointerviewpeopleeffectively.参考答案：goodatlistening解析：根据第11单元第2课第2段，记者需要善于倾听，填空处需填写形容词短语。选项“goodatlistening”与原文“needstobegoodatlisteningtopeople”对应。8.Inthepassage"HowtoStayHealthy,"LiHuasuggeststhatweshould______toavoidgettingsick.参考答案：washhandsoften解析：根据第11单元第4课第3段，李华建议经常洗手，填空处需填写动词短语。选项“washhandsoften”与原文“suggestsweshouldwashhandsoften”对应。9.Theunitincludesareadingpassageaboutaspaceexplorer.Hisjobinvolves______planetsandstars.参考答案：studying解析：根据第11单元第2课第1段，太空探索员的工作是研究行星和恒星，填空处需填写动词。选项“studying”与原文“involvesstudyingplanetsandstars”对应。10.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"theauthormentionsthatrecyclinghelps______.参考答案：saveresources解析：根据第11单元第1课第3段，回收利用有助于节约资源，填空处需填写动词短语。选项“saveresources”与原文“recyclinghelpssaveresources”对应。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"onlytalksaboutproblemslikeairpollutionandwaterpollution.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第1课，文章不仅讨论污染问题，还提出解决方案（如节约用水、垃圾分类等），故“only”表述错误。2.Inthedialogueintheunit,bothstudentsagreethatbeingadoctoristhebestjobintheworld.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第5课对话，学生只是讨论医生职业的优缺点，未明确评价为“最好”，故“agree”表述错误。3.Thepassage"MyDreamJob"suggeststhatalljobsinthefuturewillberelatedtotechnology.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第2课，文章列举了多种未来职业（如太空探索员、记者等），未强调“所有”职业与科技相关，故“all”表述错误。4.Inthetext"HowtoStayHealthy,"WangWeirecommendseatingjunkfoodeverydaybecauseittastesgood.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第4课，王伟反对吃垃圾食品，故“recommends”表述错误。5.ThepassageaboutafamousscientistintheunittellsusthatshewasborninFrance.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第3课，文章未提及居里夫人的出生地，故“France”无依据。6.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"theauthorsuggeststhatweshouldthrowallwasteintotheoceanbecauseitiseasy.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第1课，文章明确反对将垃圾扔进海洋，故“suggests”表述错误。7.Thedialogueintheunitmentionsthatajournalistdoesnotneedtowritereports.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第2课，文章提到记者需要写作能力，故“doesnotneed”表述错误。8.Inthepassage"HowtoStayHealthy,"LiHuasuggeststhatstudentsshouldsleepfor10hourseverynight.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第4课，李华建议充足睡眠，但未规定具体“10小时”，故“10hours”表述错误。9.Thepassage"MyDreamJob"suggeststhatbeingaspaceexploreristheeasiestjobbecauseitdoesnotrequirehardstudy.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第2课，文章未评价太空探索员职业的“容易程度”，故“easiest”表述错误。10.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"theauthormentionsthatusingpublictransportationistheonlywaytoreducepollution.判断：错误解析：根据第11单元第1课，文章列举了多种环保措施（如节约用水、植树等），未强调“only”一种方法，故表述错误。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Accordingtothepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"whatarethreewayspeoplecanhelptheenvironment?参考答案：(1)Savewaterbyturningoffthetapwhennotinuse.(2)Recyclewastelikeplasticbottlesandpaper.(3)Planttreestoabsorbcarbondioxideandproduceoxygen.解析：根据第11单元第1课，文章列举了节约用水、回收利用、植树等具体措施，需列举三项。评分要点：每项措施1分，需与原文对应。2.Inthedialogueintheunit,whataretwodifferentopinionsaboutbeingadoctorasajob?参考答案：(1)ZhangWeithinksbeingadoctorisnoblebecauseithelpspeople.(2)XiaoHuathinksbeingadoctoristoodifficultbecauseitrequirestoomuchstudying.解析：根据第11单元第5课对话，学生分别从“帮助他人”（崇高）和“学习难度”（困难）角度评价，需列举两点。评分要点：每点1分，需与原文对应。3.Thepassage"MyDreamJob"mentionsajournalistneedsgoodcommunicationskills.Whyisthisimportant?参考答案：Goodcommunicationskillsareimportantforajournalistbecausetheyhelpthejournalistunderstandandtalktopeople(e.g.,duringinterviews),andwritearticlesthatareeasyforreaderstounderstand.解析：根据第11单元第2课，沟通能力有助于采访和写作，需解释原因。评分要点：解释逻辑1分，与原文对应1分。4.Inthepassage"HowtoStayHealthy,"whatdoesWangWeisuggeststudentsdotoimprovetheirmentalhealth?参考答案：WangWeisuggestsstudentsshouldrelaxandenjoyhobbiestoimprovetheirmentalhealth.解析：根据第11单元第4课，王伟建议放松和培养爱好，需概括建议。评分要点：建议内容1分，与原文对应1分。5.Theunitincludesapassageaboutafamousscientist.Whataretwoofhermajorachievements?参考答案：(1)Shediscoveredradiumandpolonium.(2)ShewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.解析：根据第11单元第3课，文章提及居里夫人的两项成就，需列举两项。评分要点：每项1分，需与原文对应。6.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment,"whydoestheauthorthinkprotectingtheenvironmentiseveryone'sresponsibility?参考答案：Theauthorthinksprotectingtheenvironmentiseveryone'sresponsibilitybecausetheenvironmentaffectseveryone,andeachpersoncanmakeadifferencebytakingsmallactions(e.g.,savingwater,recycling).解析：根据第11单元第1课，文章强调普遍性和个人作用，需解释原因。评分要点：解释逻辑1分，与原文对应1分。7.Thedialogueintheunitmentionsthataspaceexplorerneedstobebrave.Whyisthisimportant?参考答案：Beingbraveisimportantforaspaceexplorerbecausetheymayfacedangeroussituationsinouterspace(e.g.,emergencies,unknownenvironments),andbraveryhelpsthemstaycalmandsolveproblems.解析：根据第11单元第2课，文章暗示太空探索的“危险性”，需解释勇敢的重要性。评分要点：解释逻辑1分，与原文对应1分。8.Inthepassage"HowtoStayHealthy,"whatdoesLiHuasuggeststudentsdotoavoidgettingsick?参考答案：LiHuasuggestsstudentsshouldwashhandsoftentoavoidgettingsickbecausegermscanspreadeasilythroughdirtyhands.解析：根据第11单元第4课，李华建议洗手，需解释原因。评分要点：建议内容1分，解释原因1分。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Supposeyouareastudent.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanprotecttheenvironmentatschool.参考答案：Atschool,Icanprotecttheenvironmentbyturningofflightswhenleavingaclassroom,recyclingpaper,andusingareusablewaterbottle.Thesesmallactionscanhelpsaveenergyandresources.解析：题目要求结合环保措施，需原创场景并体现具体行动。评分要点：措施具体性2分，语言流畅性2分。2.Imagineyouareinterviewingaspaceexplorer.Asktwoquestionsabouthisjob.参考答案：(1)Whatisthemostexcitingpartofyourjobasaspaceexplorer?(2)Whatchallengesdoyoufacewhenworkinginouterspace?解析：题目要求原创提问，需围绕太空探索职业展开。评分要点：问题相关性2分，语言规范性2分。3.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanstayhealthyduringexamtime.参考答案：Duringexamtime,Icanstayhealthybyeatingnutritiousfood,exercisingfor30minuteseveryday,andgettingenoughsleep.Thesehabitswillhelpmestudybetterandfeelenergetic.解析：题目要求结合健康建议，需原创场景并体现具体行动。评分要点：建议具体性2分，语言流畅性2分。4.Supposeyouarewritingareportaboutafamousscientist.Writetwosentencesaboutherlifeandachievements.参考答案：MarieCuriewasborninPolandbutlatermovedtoFrancetostudyscience.ShemadeimportantdiscoveriesinphysicsandwontheNobelPrize,becomingthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizeinasciencefield.解析：题目要求原创描述，需围绕科学家的生平和成就展开。评分要点：信息准确性2分，语言连贯性2分。5.Writeashortdialogue(about60words)betweentwostudentsdiscussingtheirfuturejobs.参考答案：StudentA:Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?StudentB:IwanttobeajournalistbecauseIlovewritingandlearningnewthings.StudentA:That'scool!Journalistscantravelandmeetinterestingpeople.StudentB:Yes,Ihopetoreportnewsfromaroundtheworld.解析：题目要求原创对话，需围绕职业选择展开。评分要点：对话逻辑性2分，语言规范性2分。6.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)aboutwhyrecyclingisimportantfortheenvironment.参考答案：Recyclingisimportantbecauseitreduceswasteinlandfills,savesenergy,andprotectsnaturalresources.Byrecyclingmaterialslikepaperandplastic,wecanhelptheenvironmentandreducepollution.解析：题目要求原创论述，需围绕回收利用的重要性展开。评分要点：论点明确性2分，语言流畅性2分。7.Supposeyouarewritingablogpostaboutstayinghealthy.Writeatitleandashortintroduction(about30words).参考答案：Title:5SimpleHabitstoStayHealthyEveryDayIntroduction:Stayinghealthydoesn'trequirecomplicatedplans.Smallchangeslikeeatingwell,exercising,andsleepingenoughcanmakeabigdifferenceinyourlife.解析：题目要求原创标题和引言，需围绕健康主题展开。评分要点：标题相关性2分，引言吸引力2分。8.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucansavewaterathome.参考答案：Icansavewaterathomebyturningoffthetapwhilebrushingmyteeth,takingshortershowers,andfixingleaks.Theseactionscanhelpreducewaterwasteandprotectthisvaluableresource.解析：题目要求结合节水措施，需原创场景并体现具体行动。评分要点：措施具体性2分，语言流畅性2分。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.C3.B4.C5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.B二、填空题1.turnoffthetap2.turnoffthelightswhenleavingaroom3.careful4.doexercise5.MarieCurie6.useareusablecup7.goodatlistening8.washhandsoften9.studying10.saveresources三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.×7.×8.×9.×10.×四、简答题1.(1)Savewaterbyturningoffthetapwhennotinuse.(1分)(2)Recyclewastelikeplasticbottlesandpaper.(1分)(3)Planttreestoabsorbcarbondioxideandproduceoxygen.(1分)2.(1)ZhangWeithinksbeingadoctorisnoblebecauseithelpspeople.(1分)(2)XiaoHuathinksbeingadoctoristoodifficultbecauseitrequirestoomuchstudying.(1分)3.Goodcommunicationskillsareimportantforajournalistbecausetheyhelpthejournalistunderstandandtalktopeople(e.g.,duringinterviews),andwritearticlesthatareeasyforreaderstounderstand.(2分)4.WangWeisuggestsstudentsshouldrelaxandenjoyhobbiestoimprovetheirmentalhealth.(2分)5.(1)Shediscoveredradiumandpolonium.(1分)(2)ShewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.(1分)6.Theauthorthinksprotectingtheenvironmentiseveryone'sresponsibilitybecausetheenvironmentaffectseveryone,andeachpersoncanmakeadifferencebytakingsmallactions(e.g.,savingwater,recycling).(2分)7.Beingbraveisimportantforaspaceexplorerbecausetheymayfacedangeroussituationsinouterspace(e.g.,emerg