2025年高考真题-英语（天津卷） 含解析

第1页/共1页2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试（第二次）1.—Letmetry,captain!Iwon’tletyoudown.—OK,Paul!.A.Yougotmewrong B.ItisyourtimetoshineC.Youmustbekidding D.Mindyourownbusiness【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——让我试试，船长！我不会让你失望的。——好的，保罗！该你大显身手了。A.Yougotmewrong你误解我了；B.Itisyourtimetoshine该你大显身手了；C.Youmustbekidding你一定是在开玩笑；D.Mindyourownbusiness管好你自己的事。根据“OK,Paul!”可知，船长同意保罗尝试，所以此处应该是鼓励保罗，说“该你大显身手了”。故选B项。2.________virtualrealitybecomesmoreaccessible,manyschoolsaresettingupvirtualsciencelabs.A.As B.Until C.Unless D.Although【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：随着虚拟现实技术变得越来越普及，许多学校都在设立虚拟科学实验室。根据后文“virtualrealitybecomesmoreaccessible”可知，引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”用as。故选A。3.TheStoneAgeisthenamegiventothetimeover2,000,000yearsago,lifewasverydifferentfromtoday.A.why B.which C.when D.where【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“石器时代”指是大约200万年前的那个时期，在那个时期，人类的生活与如今大不相同。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，用when。故选C。4.DengJiaxianwasoneofthe23scientistswhoawardedfortheirextraordinarycontributionstoChina’s“twobombs,onesatellite”project.A.was B.were C.has D.have【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的23位科学家之一。who引导定语从句，先行词是the23scientists（复数名词），关系词who代替先行词在从句中作主语，且与award为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故选B。5.Thechildrenareencouragedtofollowtheirnatural,andlearnaboutwhatintereststhem.A.curiosity B.balance C.defence D.limitation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们被鼓励去追随自己天生的好奇心，去探索他们感兴趣的事物。A.curiosity好奇心；B.balance平衡；C.defence防御；D.limitation限制。根据后文“andlearnaboutwhatintereststhem”指鼓励孩子追随自己的好奇心。故选A。6.EngineersintheUKaregoingtobuildanewsatellitetotracksolarstorms.A.designed B.designing C.todesign D.havingdesigned【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国的工程师们将建造一颗新的卫星，该卫星旨在监测太阳风暴。此处design与satellite构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选A。7.—Withmybrother’shelp,Ifinallycompletedmychemistryproject.—Congratulations!.A.Looselipssinkships B.Don’tjumpinwithtwofeetC.Don’tbeawetblanket D.Twoheadsarebetterthanone【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定表达。句意：——在哥哥的帮助下，我终于完成了我的化学实验项目。——祝贺！三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。A.Looselipssinkships口无遮拦会酿成大祸；B.Don’tjumpinwithtwofeet不要鲁莽行事；C.Don’tbeawetblanket别扫大家的兴；D.Twoheadsarebetterthanone三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。根据上文“Withmybrother’shelp,”可知，夸赞多人合作比一人单独做更有效，故选D。8.TheSongDynastytheintroductionofjiaozi,whichissupposedlytheworld’sfirstpapermoney.A.hasseen B.hadseen C.sees D.saw【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：宋朝见证了交子的出现，交子据说是世界上第一种纸币。see(见证)作主句谓语，结合“TheSongDynasty”可知，这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选D项。9.Withrobotsvariousindustrialtasks,factorieshaveincreasedproductionefficiency.A.toperform B.tobeperformed C.performing D.beingperformed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故选C项。10.Knowingyourweaknessliesisoneofthefirstandmostchallengingstepsinlearningtomanageyourself.A.that B.what C.how D.where【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：知道你的弱点在哪里是学习自我管理的第一步也是最具挑战性的步骤之一。“yourweaknesslies”是宾语从句，表示“你的弱点在哪里”，用连接副词where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故选D项。11.Therearenodisplaysintheartmuseumandexhibitionschangeallthetime.A.permanent B.temporary C.elegant D.alternative【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艺术博物馆没有永久性的展览，展览总是在变化。A.permanent永久的；B.temporary临时的；C.elegant优雅的；D.alternative可供选择的。根据“exhibitionschangeallthetime”可推知，艺术博物馆的展览不是固定不变的，即没有永久性的展览，用形容词permanent作定语，描述展览的性质。故选A项。12.NewmeasuresaretoimproveEnglishtranslationsinpublicplacesinChina.A.atrest B.inplace C.underpressure D.beyondreach【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：中国已出台新措施以改善公共场所的英文翻译工作。A.atrest静止的；B.inplace实施；C.underpressure受到压力；D.beyondreach无法达到。根据上文“Newmeasuresare”可知，指措施得到实施。故选B。13.Afamilydayoutisanopportunitytoworkandschoolandspendqualitytimetogether.A.putaside B.passon C.takeup D.giveaway【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：全家外出游玩是一个放下工作和学校事务，共度美好时光的机会。A.putaside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；B.passon传递；C.takeup占据；D.giveaway赠送。结合“andspendqualitytimetogether”可知，空格处应表达“放下（工作和学校事务）”，故用putaside。故选A。14.Noreaderremoveabookfromthelibrarywithoutpermission.A.would B.might C.shall D.need【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：未经图书馆管理员允许，任何读者不得将书带出图书馆。考查情态动词。A.would将会；B.might可能；C.shall将要，将会；D.need需要。shall用于第二、三人称表示命令、威胁、许诺、警告、规定等。故选C。15.Therearemanythingsteensshouldwhendecidingwhatcollegestoapplyto.A.setinmotion B.getundercontrolC.bringtoanend D.takeintoconsideration【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：青少年在决定申请哪所大学时，有很多事情需要考虑。A.setinmotion使开始；B.getundercontrol控制住；C.bringtoanend结束；D.takeintoconsideration考虑。根据“whendecidingwhatcollegestoapplyto”可知，在决定申请大学时，需要考虑很多事情，用动词短语takeintoconsideration表示“考虑”，符合语境。故选D项。Lifeisaroadfullofminorinconveniencesandmajorsetbacks,whicheveryonefaces,____16____wealthorsocialrank.Thatiswhyoptimism,theabilitytoseethe____17____sideofeverynegativesituation,iskeytosuccess.WhatmadeoptimismsomeaningfultomewaswhenI____18____theAteamofthebasketballclubfortheupcomingseason.Ihadalwaysbeenthestartingpointguard,andmy____19____ontheAteamwassomethingItookforgranted.However,IonlymadetheBteam,____20____Iworkedmyhardest.Ididn’tunderstandwhyuntilIsawthenewAteam,crowdedwithplayersthatall____21____me.IhadtogivetheBteamachance.Buttomy____22____,theplaylevelwasmuchlowerthanwhatIwasusedto.IlostthedriveI’dhadbeforeandgraduallybecame____23____.OnedayIcameacrossasocialmediapostofanotherbasketballteam,whosepointguardwasmuchmore____24____thanherteammates.Whenherteammatesmademultiplemistakes_____25_____,whichcostthemseveralpoints,Iexpectedhertobeupset,but_____26_____,shepattedherteammatesonthebackandcomfortedthem.AsIwatchedhermore,Inoticedthatsheledherteam,always_____27_____andupliftingherteammates.Therealizationhitmelikelightning.WhatIthoughtwasa_____28_____turnedouttobeavaluableopportunity,presentingararechancetodevelop_____29_____.So,Istartedusingmy_____30_____tobealeaderformyteam.Whenourcoachneededa(n)_____31_____,Iwasthefirsttoraisemyhand.Whenmyteammatesneededhelpwithaskill,I_____32_____taughtthemoverandoveragain.MyeffortpaidoffasI_____33_____remarkablynotjustasaplayer,butasaperson—somethingIcouldhaveneverachievedontheAteam.Whenfacingchallengesinlife,somepeople_____34_____themwithoptimism,whileotherstendtocomplain.Optimismisapalette,withwhichyoucanpaintyourownlightinthedarkness,shelterinastorm,andmostimportantly,abetter_____35_____ofyourself!16.A.regardlessof B.dueto C.butfor D.apartfrom17.A.commercial B.positive C.crucial D.practical18.A.lookedbackon B.gaveinto C.putupwith D.triedoutfor19.A.position B.focus C.comment D.impression20.A.asif B.incase C.nowthat D.eventhough21.A.raninto B.agreedwith C.toweredover D.sawthrough22.A.relief B.confusion C.amazement D.disappointment23.A.unmotivated B.disqualified C.determined D.engaged24.A.amused B.advanced C.emotional D.familiar25.A.toadegree B.asarule C.inarow D.atadistance26.A.instead B.meanwhile C.otherwise D.furthermore27.A.evaluating B.interrupting C.encouraging D.interviewing28.A.trick B.misfortune C.mistake D.conflict29.A.reputation B.innovation C.leadership D.friendship30.A.privacy B.experience C.schedule D.occupation31.A.example B.announcement C.competitor D.donation32.A.nervously B.patiently C.gratefully D.hesitantly33.A.protested B.resigned C.developed D.emerged34.A.create B.approach C.influence D.perform35.A.appearance B.shape C.identity D.version【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.A20.D21.C22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.C28.B29.C30.B31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者未入选篮球A队后失落，受另一球队控卫乐观鼓励队友的启发，在B队主动担当领导，最终实现个人成长，强调乐观对克服困境的重要性。【16题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：生活是一条布满小麻烦和大挫折的漫长道路，每个人都会经历这样的过程，无论其财富多少或社会地位如何。A.regardlessof不管，无论；B.dueto因为；C.butfor要不是；D.apartfrom除了……之外。根据后文“wealthorsocialrank”以及上文“whicheveryonefaces”可知，每个人都会经历生活中的挫折，无论其财富多少或社会地位如何。故选A。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么乐观精神——即在每一种不利情况下都能看到积极面的能力——是取得成功的关键所在。A.commercial商业的；B.positive积极的；C.crucial重要的；D.practical实际的。根据上文“Thatiswhyoptimism”可知，乐观精神指的是看到积极面的能力。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我觉得乐观精神如此重要的原因在于，当我参加即将开始的赛季中篮球队的A队选拔时。A.lookedbackon回顾；B.gaveinto屈服于；C.putupwith忍受；D.triedoutfor角逐，参加……的选拔。根据后文“theAteamofthebasketballclubfortheupcomingseason”可知，作者要参加篮球队的选拔。故选D。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直担任首发控球后卫，所以我在A队的位置对我来说是理所当然的。A.position位置；B.focus集中；C.comment评论；D.impression印象。根据上文“Ihadalwaysbeenthestartingpointguard”可知，此处指作者在球队中的位置。故选A。【20题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，我只入选了B队——尽管我全力以赴了。A.asif好像；B.incase万一；C.nowthat既然；D.eventhough即使。根据上文“IonlymadetheBteam”以及后文“Iworkedmyhardest”可知为转折关系，eventhough引导让步状语从句。故选D。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：直到我看到新的A队阵容时，我才明白其中的原因，那队里全是身材比我高大的球员。A.raninto遇到；B.agreedwith同意；C.toweredover高耸在上方，在身高或能力上超越；D.sawthrough看透。根据上文“IonlymadetheBteam”以及“IsawthenewAteam,crowdedwithplayersthatall”可知，作者只入选了B队，说明A队队员能力比作者出众。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但令我感到失望的是，这队的水平远低于我以往的预期。A.relief安慰；B.confusion困惑；C.amazement惊讶；D.disappointment失望。根据后文“theplaylevelwasmuchlowerthanwhatIwasusedto”可知，B队水平低于预期，作者感到失望。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我失去了之前拥有的动力，渐渐地变得毫无干劲了。A.unmotivated不感兴趣的；B.disqualified不合格的；C.determined坚定的；D.engaged参与的。根据上文“IlostthedriveI’dhadbeforeandgraduallybecame”以及“theplaylevelwasmuchlowerthanwhatIwasusedto”可知，作者因为失望，失去了动力，渐渐地变得毫无干劲了。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我在社交媒体上看到了一则关于另一支篮球队的帖子，该队的控球后卫比队友们的技术要高超得多。A.amused被逗乐的；B.advanced高超的，高级的；C.emotional情感的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据后文“Inoticedthatsheledherteam”可知，可以带领队伍说明技术高超。故选B。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当她的队友们接连犯下多处错误，导致他们失去了不少分数时，我原本以为她会感到沮丧，但出乎意料的是，她却轻拍着队友们的肩膀，安慰着他们。A.toadegree在某种程度上；B.asarule通常；C.inarow连续；D.atadistance远离。根据后文“whichcostthemseveralpoints”可知，失去不少分数说明连续出现错误，故选C。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她的队友们接连犯下多处错误，导致他们失去了不少分数时，我原本以为她会感到沮丧，但出乎意料的是，她却轻拍着队友们的肩膀，安慰着他们。A.instead反而；B.meanwhile同时；C.otherwise否则；D.furthermore此外。根据上文“Iexpectedhertobeupset”以及后文“shepattedherteammatesonthebackandcomfortedthem.”可知，作者本以为她会感到沮丧，但出乎意料的是，她却轻拍着队友们的肩膀，安慰着他们。instead表示“反而”符合语境。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我更仔细地观察她时，我发现她总是带领着她的团队，总是充满鼓励地激励着队友们。A.evaluating评估；B.interrupting打断；C.encouraging鼓励；D.interviewing采访。根据后文“andupliftingherteammates”可知，她总是鼓励和激励队友们。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原本以为是件倒霉事，结果却成了一个宝贵的机会，为我提供了难得的提升领导能力的机遇。A.trick诡计；B.misfortune倒霉事，不幸；C.mistake错误；D.conflict冲突。根据上文“However,IonlymadetheBteam”以及“theplaylevelwasmuchlowerthanwhatIwasusedto”可知，作者一开始认为进入了B队是件倒霉事，故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原本以为是件倒霉事，结果却成了一个宝贵的机会，为我提供了难得的提升领导能力的机遇。A.reputation名誉；B.innovation创新；C.leadership领导；D.friendship友谊。根据后文“tobealeaderformyteam”可知，这次机会让作者提升领导能力。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我开始利用自己的经验来担任团队的领导者。A.privacy隐私；B.experience经验；C.schedule日程表；D.occupation职业。根据上文“Ihadalwaysbeenthestartingpointguard”可知，作者开始利用自己的经验担任领导者。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的教练需要一个榜样时，我第一个举起了手。A.example榜样，例子；B.announcement公告；C.competitor竞争者；D.donation捐赠。根据后文“Iwasthefirsttoraisemyhand”以及上文“tobealeaderformyteam”可知，作者开始积极投入队伍建设，所以教练需要榜样的时候，自己第一个举手。故选A。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我的队友们在某项技能上需要帮助时，我便耐心地一遍又一遍地指导他们。A.nervously紧张地；B.patiently耐心地；C.gratefully感谢地；D.hesitantly犹豫地。根据后文“overandoveragain”可知，作者耐心指导队友。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的努力得到了回报，无论是作为球员还是个人，我都取得了显著的成长——而这是我在A队永远无法实现的。A.protested抗议；B.resigned辞职；C.developed发展；D.emerged出现。根据上文“MyeffortpaidoffasI”可知，指作者的努力取得回报，作为球员取得了显著的进步，得到了发展，故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在面对生活中的挑战时，有些人会以乐观的态度去应对，而另一些人则倾向于抱怨。A.create创造；B.approach应对，靠近；C.influence影响；D.perform表现。根据上文“Whenfacingchallengesinlife”以及后文them指的是challenges，即以乐观的态度去应对挑战，故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：乐观就像一盏调色盘，借助它，你可以在黑暗中描绘出属于自己的光芒，在风暴中找到庇护，而最重要的是，能塑造出一个更好的自己！A.appearance外表；B.shape形状；C.identity身份；D.version版本。根据上文“Myeffortpaidoffas”以及“somethingIcouldhaveneverachievedontheAteam”可知，作者因为乐观，在B队也取得了进步，即，乐观让作者成为了更好的自己，abetterversionofyourself此处表示“更出色的自己”。故选D。AWelcometoouruniversity’sBotanicGarden—planyourvisit,andfindoutaboutwhatwedo!YoucaneitherpayattheTicketOfficeonarrival,orbookyourticketsonline.Pleasenote:Ticketscannotbeusedonanydateotherthantheonetheywerebookedforandarenon-refundable(不可退款的).GuidelinesforVisitorsTheGardenisanactiveresearchfacilityandalivingmuseumwithacollectionofover8,000plants.Pleasebearinmindsomesimplerulesforyourvisit:OnlytrainedworkingdogsarepermittedtoentertheGarden.Childrenmuststaywithagrown-upatalltimes.Stickstrictlytothepathsandlawns(草坪).Donotclimbthetrees.Pleasedonotpickanypartofagrowingplant.CyclingandballgamesarenotpermittedintheGarden.GuidedToursintheGardenWithover8,000plantspeciesandawonderfulrangeofgardensandplantingstoenjoy,thereissomethingforeveryoneattheGarden,andmanydifferentaspectstoappealtoawidevarietyofinterestgroups.◆FreeDrop-inWeekendToursEnjoyafree-of-chargeGardentourwithoneofourexpertguides,takingintheseasonalhighlightsoftheGarden.OurweekendtoursareavailableeverySundayat11:30a.m.and2p.m.throughouttheyear.DuringthemonthsofJanuaryandFebruarythesetoursfocusontheWinterGarden,Snowdropsandgeneralwinterinterest.ThefreetourslastonehourandstartfromtheFountain,neartheMainLawn.GroupToursOurexperiencedvolunteerguideswillhelpyouenjoythehighlightsandprovidesomeofthebackgroundhistoryanddevelopmentofthisamazinggarden.These90-minute,pre-bookabletoursareidealforadultgroupswishingtomakethemostoftheirvisittoour40-acresite.PleasevisittheGroupGuidedTourspageformoredetails.36.WhatshouldapotentialvisitortakenoteofbeforebookingatickettotheGarden?A.Whetheronecanaffordthevisit.B.WhethertheGardenwebsiteisaccessible.C.Whetheronecanaccepttheticket-bookingpolicy.D.WhethertheticketsarestillavailableattheTicketOffice.37.AkidisallowedtovisittheGardenwhentheyare.A.welltrained B.withabicycleC.accompaniedbyanadult D.guidedbytheirworkingdog38.WhatbehaviourisacceptableintheGarden?A.Pickingaflower. B.Climbingatree.C.Playingaballgame. D.Walkingonthelawns.39.Wheredothefreedrop-inweekendtoursstart?A.Snowdrops. B.TheFountain.C.TheMainLawn. D.TheWinterGarden.40.Whatspecialservicecanvisitorsenjoyonthegrouptour?A.Thecompanyofprofessionalguides.B.TheexplanationofhowtheGardenworks.C.TheextendedvisitinandaroundtheGarden.D.TheintroductiontothebirthandgrowthoftheGarden.【答案】36.C37.C38.D39.B40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍大学植物园的购票规则、游客需遵守的规定，还提及免费周末导览和需预约的团体导览，助力游客规划参观。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ticketscannotbeusedonanydateotherthantheonetheywerebookedforandarenon-refundable(不可退款的).(这些票只能在预订的日期使用，其他日期不可使用，而且一经售出不予退款)”可知，在预订前往花园的门票之前，潜在游客应该注意是否能接受该门票预订政策。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据GuidelinesforVisitors部分“Childrenmuststaywithagrown-upatalltimes.(孩子们任何时候都必须由成年人陪同)”可知，孩子由成人陪同下可以进入花园。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据GuidelinesforVisitors部分“Stickstrictlytothepathsandlawns(草坪).(一定要沿着人行道和草坪行走)”可知，在草坪上行走是被允许的。故选D。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据◆FreeDrop-inWeekendTours部分“ThefreetourslastonehourandstartfromtheFountain,neartheMainLawn.(免费导览活动时长一小时，从靠近主草坪的喷泉处开始)”可知，免费的周末旅游从喷泉处开始。故选B。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ourexperiencedvolunteerguideswillhelpyouenjoythehighlightsandprovidesomeofthebackgroundhistoryanddevelopmentofthisamazinggarden.(我们经验丰富志愿者导游会帮助您领略这座花园的精华之处，并为您介绍一些有关这座神奇花园的历史背景和发展历程)”可知，团体游中游客可以享受到介绍花园的诞生与成长。故选D。BMygreatgrandmotherreceivedthedollhouse(玩具小屋)fromafamilyfriendbackinthelate1800s.Itwasthenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.IwassevenwhenIdiscovereditunderneaththetreeonChristmasmorning.Inourhouse,Momsetupasewingarea.Isatathersewingmachine,myfeetbarelyreachingthepresserfoot.Mombentoverme,herhandsonmine,gentlyguidingsmallbitsofclothundertheneedletocreatedollhousebedding.Shealsotaughtmetomakemini-blankets.Withalittlepaintandglue,Momdemonstratedthatanythingcouldbeturnedintodollhousefurniture.Ilearnttoviewtheworldasaplaceofpossibility.Ispenthoursofmygirlhoodsittingbeforemydollhouse,tellingmade-upstories,andcreatingminiatures(缩微模型).Buteventuallyschoolactivitiestookover,andthedollhousewasmovedtotheattic(阁楼).Overthenext40years,thestorytellingskillsI’dpracticedwiththedollhousegrewintonovelwritingskills,andIdevelopedacareerasanauthor.Oneday,afterhoursofworkingonmyfourthbook,ItookabreakbysurfingtheInternetandhappenedtonoticethebeautifuldollhousespeoplepostedonsocialmedia.Theyremindedmeofmine.Iwenttotheattic,broughtitbacktomyroomandstartedupdatingit.Duringthemindlesshoursofsewingandfurnishing(布置家具),Ilistenedtoaudiobooksaboutthehistoryofdollhouses,learningthattheywerenotinventedforplay.There’salong,richhistoryofpeopleinhardshipturningtodollhousestofindcomfort.Theyweren’tproducedastoysuntilmassproductionbecamestandardafter1945.Thisinspiredmetocreateanovelwhereartsavestheday.ThetruthwasImyselfneededarttosavetheday.Momwasthenslippingawayfrommeowingtoprogressivememoryloss.Theonlytopicwecoulddiscusswithanygenuinejoywastheupdateofthedollhouse.Shelovedretellingitshistory—thoseoldmemories.Momdidn’tfinditstrangeatallthather50-year-olddaughterwasupdatingthedollhouse.Shejustthoughtitfunandbeautiful.Anditwas.ItwasaworldwhereMomandIwereatourbesttogether.41.Whatdidtheauthor’smotherteachhertodo?A.Tosewandcreateminiatures.B.Toaddimaginaryfigurestothedollhouse.C.Tomakeupfairytalessetinthedollhouse.D.Todooilpaintingsandgluethemontothelittlewalls.42.Whydidtheauthordecidetoupdatethedollhousedecadeslater?A.Sheintendedtofollowthetrendonsocialmedia.B.Shewaseagertostartanewcareerasatoydesigner.C.Shefelttheurgetocompetewithotherdollhousemakers.D.Shewasinspiredbypeoplesharingtheirdollhousesonline.43.Whatdidtheauthorlearnaboutdollhousesfromtheaudiobooks?A.Theywereinitiallycreatedforplay.B.Peopleoncesoughtcomfortinthem.C.Richpeoplesoldthemformoneyduringdifficulttimes.D.Auniformstandardfortheirproductionwassetin1945.44.Whatroledidthedollhouseplayinstrengtheningtheemotionaltiesbetweentheauthorandheragingmother?A.Areminderoftheirchildhooddreams. B.Amirroroftheeventfulfamilyhistory.C.Atooltobringbackgoodoldmemories. D.Ameanstoimprovehermother’smemory.45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheDollhouse:ALifelongToy B.GrowingupwiththeDollhouseC.TheDollhouse:MoreThanJustaToy D.DollhouseMakingandNovelWriting【答案】41.A42.D43.B44.C45.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，包括其来源、作者小时候与母亲一起制作玩具小屋内的物品、长大后因玩具小屋而走上写作道路，以及多年后因母亲记忆力衰退而重新更新玩具小屋，并在此过程中与母亲共度美好时光的经历。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mombentoverme,herhandsonmine,gentlyguidingsmallbitsofclothundertheneedletocreatedollhousebedding.Shealsotaughtmetomakemini-blankets.Withalittlepaintandglue,Momdemonstratedthatanythingcouldbeturnedintodollhousefurniture.(妈妈俯身在我身上，双手放在我的手上，轻轻地把小块布料引到针下，做成玩具小屋的床上用品。她还教我制作迷你毯子。妈妈用一点颜料和胶水向我展示，任何东西都可以变成玩具小屋的家具。)”可知，作者的妈妈教她缝纫和制作微型物品。故选A项。42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneday,afterhoursofworkingonmyfourthbook,ItookabreakbysurfingtheInternetandhappenedtonoticethebeautifuldollhousespeoplepostedonsocialmedia.Theyremindedmeofmine.Iwenttotheattic,broughtitbacktomyroomandstartedupdatingit.(一天，在写了四个小时的第四本书后，我上网休息了一下，碰巧注意到人们在社交媒体上发布的漂亮的玩具小屋。它们让我想起了我的玩具小屋。我去了阁楼，把它带回我的房间，开始更新它。)”可知，作者决定更新玩具小屋是因为她在网上看到人们分享他们的玩具小屋，这让她想起了自己的玩具小屋。故选D项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Duringthemindlesshoursofsewingandfurnishing(布置家具),Ilistenedtoaudiobooksaboutthehistoryofdollhouses,learningthattheywerenotinventedforplay.There’salong,richhistoryofpeopleinhardshipturningtodollhousestofindcomfort.(在无意识地缝纫和布置家具的几个小时里，我听了一些关于玩具小屋历史的有声书，了解到它们并不是为了玩而发明的。人们在困境中求助于玩具小屋以寻求安慰，有着悠久而丰富的历史。)”可知，作者从有声书中了解到人们曾经在玩具小屋中寻求安慰。故选B项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ThetruthwasImyselfneededarttosavetheday.Momwasthenslippingawayfrommeowingtoprogressivememoryloss.Theonlytopicwecoulddiscusswithanygenuinejoywastheupdateofthedollhouse.Shelovedretellingitshistory—thoseoldmemories.(事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，玩具小屋是作者和母亲一起回忆美好旧时光的工具，在母亲记忆力衰退的情况下，它成为了加强她们之间情感联系的纽带。故选C项。【45题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“ThetruthwasImyselfneededarttosavetheday.Momwasthenslippingawayfrommeowingtoprogressivememoryloss.Theonlytopicwecoulddiscusswithanygenuinejoywastheupdateofthedollhouse.Shelovedretellingitshistory—thoseoldmemories.(事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感，C项“TheDollhouse:MoreThanJustaToy(玩具小屋：不仅仅是一个玩具)”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。CAllanimalstakeinoxygenfromtheairtheybreathein,andreleaseCO₂fromtheirbloodwhenbreathingout.Mostmammals(哺乳动物)can’tdirectlydetectoxygenlevelsinthebloodsuppliedtotheirtissues.Instead,theyrelyontherisinglevelofCO₂intheirbloodtosignalthattheymightneedtotakeabreath.ButarecentstudypublishedinSciencesuggestsseals(海豹)cansensetheamountofoxygenintheblood,andchangetheirdivingbehaviorinresponse.Tofindoutifoxygenlevelsaffectedsealbehavior,ProfessorMcKnightattheUniversityofSt.Andrewsandhiscolleaguescreatedaspecialsectioninapoolwhereyoungsealswereheld.Inonecorner,therewasabreathingchamber(呼吸室),wheretheywereshelteredfromtherainandthewind.Thebreathingchamberwassurroundedbypanelsthatpreventedsurfaceswimming,yetswimmingbelowthesurfaceforabout200feetwouldgivethesealsaccesstoafeederwheretheycouldeatasmuchfishastheyliked.Oncethesealsgotfamiliarwiththesetup,theresearchersstartedtograduallychangethecompositionoftheairinthebreathingchamber,increasingorreducingthelevelsofoxygenandCO₂toseeaneffectontheirbehavior.Sureenough:thehigherthelevelofoxygen,thelongerthesealsstayedatthefeeder.Thefindingsuggeststhatsealsdon’tjustphysicallyrespondtooxygenlevelsbychangingtheirheartrateorbreathing,butthattheyaresufficientlyawareofthemtochangetheirbehavior.Thisabilitywouldputsealsinaclassbeyondanylandmammalsthathavebeentested.Sinceoxygenlevelsonlandremainstable,humansdon’tseemtohaveevolved(演化)tonoticelowbloodoxygenlevels,sometimesnotevenwhenthey’reabouttopassoutinfree-diving.Thereforeinfree-divingwithoutoxygentanks,accidentsarequitecommon.OurrelianceonsensingCO₂levelsinourbloodinsteadofoxygenmaybetoblame.Actually,thisisaperfectlyreasonablestrategyonland,wheregrowingCO₂tendstosignalbreathingissues.Butwhenholdingourbreathduringdiving,relyingonCO₂levelsisrisky,especiallyonrepeateddives.Becauseeverytimewesurfaceandbreathein,oursensitivitytoCO₂isdecreased,evenifitslevelsarealreadyhigh,andthisincreasesthechancethatapersonwill,withoutawareness,passoutbeforetheygettothesurface.46.Whatdomostmammalsrelyontodeterminewhentotakeabreath?A.ThegrowingamountofCO₂intheirblood.B.Therisinglevelofoxygenintheirlungs.C.Theintensityoftheirphysicalactivity.D.Thebloodsupplytobodytissues.47.Whenwouldthesealsstayatthefeederforalongerperiodoftime?A.Whentheyneededtotakeinmorefoodatthefeeder.B.Whentheoxygenlevelinthechambergrewhigher.C.Whentheyfamiliarizedthemselveswiththesetup.D.WhentheCO₂levelinthechamberwasraised.48.Whatresultsinhumans’inabilitytonoticelowoxygenlevelsintheirblood?A.TheunstableCO₂levelsintheair.B.Theirlackofattentiontobreathing.C.Theconstantoxygenlevelsonland.D.Theirfunctionallychangeableheartrate.49.Whydoaccidentsoftenoccurwhendiversgofree-diving?A.Theirbreathcannotbeheldlongenough.B.Theycannotadjusttheconsumptionofoxygen.C.TheymayfailtonoticerisingCO₂levelssoonenough.D.Theirbreathingorgansstopworkingproperlyunderwater.50.WhichstatementisprobablysupportedbyMcKnight’ssealresearch?A.Sealshaveevolvedtosurviveinlowoxygenenvironments.B.Sealsarequicktosenseoxygenlevelsandactaccordingly.C.Sealscanmaintaintheirheartrateevenwithlowbloodoxygenlevels.D.Sealsaremoresensitivetochangesintheenvironmentthanothermammals.【答案】46.A47.B48.C49.C50.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豹能感知血液中氧气量并据此改变潜水行为，人类则因陆地氧气稳定未演化出此能力。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mostmammals(哺乳动物)can’tdirectlydetectoxygenlevelsinthebloodsuppliedtotheirtissues.Instead,theyrelyontherisinglevelofCO₂intheirbloodtosignalthattheymightneedtotakeabreath.(大多数哺乳动物不能直接检测供应给组织的血液中的氧气水平。相反，它们依靠血液中二氧化碳水平的上升来发出可能需要呼吸的信号)”可知，大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量的上升来判断何时呼吸。故选A。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oncethesealsgotfamiliarwiththesetup,theresearchersstartedtograduallychangethecompositionoftheairinthebreathingchamber,increasingorreducingthelevelsofoxygenandCO₂toseeaneffectontheirbehavior.Sureenough:thehigherthelevelofoxygen,thelongerthesealsstayedatthefeeder.(一旦海豹熟悉了这种设置，研究人员开始逐渐改变呼吸室中空气的成分，增加或减少氧气和二氧化碳的水平，以观察对其行为的影响。果然如此：氧气水平越高，海豹在喂食器停留的时间就越长)”可知，当呼吸室中的氧气水平升高时，海豹会在喂食器停留更长时间。故选B。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sinceoxygenlevelsonlandremainstable,humansdon’tseemtohaveevolved(演化)tonoticelowbloodoxygenlevels,sometimesnotevenwhenthey’reabouttopassoutinfree-diving.(由于陆地上的氧气水平保持稳定，人类似乎没有进化出注意到血液中低氧水平的能力，有时甚至在自由潜水即将昏倒时也没有)”可知，人类无法察觉血液中低氧水平是因为陆地上氧气水平稳定。故选C。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Becauseeverytimewesurfaceandbreathein,oursensitivitytoCO₂isdecreased,evenifitslevelsarealreadyhigh,andthisincreasesthechancethatapersonwill,withoutawareness,passoutbeforetheygettothesurface.(因为每次我们浮出水面吸气时，我们对二氧化碳的敏感性都会降低，即使其水平已经很