外研版英语必修第一册 语法专练 专题四　第4讲　特殊句式 教师用书

第4讲特殊句式“Whatabeautifulgarden！①Howbeautifultheflowersare！①”Thekidsshouted.“Canwegointothegarden，MrsGreen？”“Yes.Butdon’tpickorharmtheflowerswhileappreciatingthem②.Itwaswithgreatpatiencethatthegardenergrewthem.③”“Yes，MrsGreen.Let’sexplorethegarden.②”[规则感悟]①为感叹句，结构为What(＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。②为祈使句，结构为Dosth/Don’tdosth，有时后面会跟“and/or＋句子”。③为强调句，结构为Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。1．感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！②What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！Lookingatthemplayinginnocentlyinthesunshine，Ican’thelpremarkingwhatincrediblylovelyandcarefreechildrentheyare!看着他们在阳光下天真地玩耍，我忍不住要说他们是多么可爱、多么无忧无虑的一群孩子啊！(2)how引导的感叹句①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！②How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！③How＋主语＋谓语！Howprofoundlyinterestingastoryitis,weavingtogetherhistory，philosophy，andhumanemotionintoanunforgettabletapestry.＝Whataprofoundlyinterestingstoryitis,weavingtogetherhistory，philosophy，andhumanemotionintoanunforgettabletapestry.这是一个多么深刻有趣的故事啊，它将历史、哲学与人类情感交织在一起，构成了一幅令人难忘的画卷。2．祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分；②Be＋表语(＋其他成分)，如Behonest.；③Let’s/Letusdo/notdosth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。3．强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.只有通过相互倾听和理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。注意：①强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。Itisourteacherwho/thathelpsusmakegreatprogress.是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。②由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。Shedoesn’tknowwhoitwasthatsavedherson.她不知道是谁救了她儿子。(2)强调句型的疑问句结构：一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？Wasitintheparkthathemetournewteacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse？他是什么时候决定修这门课的？(3)not...until的强调句型结构：Itis/wasnotuntil...＋that＋其他部分。ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIwastoldthathewasillinhospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。(4)强调谓语动词Itis/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句。Shedidtellmeheraddress，butIforgotallaboutit.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。对点练习1．Workhard，andyouwillmakeprogressinEnglish.2．Whatabeautifulpictureyouareshowingtous!3．Itwasn’tuntil1706thatThomasTwiningfoundedtheworld’sfirstdryteaandcoffeeshopinLondon.倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前，而完全倒装是把谓语全部放在主语之前。1．部分倒装①Seldomdowepausetoreflectonhowmuchwehavegrownduringourthreeyearsofhighschool.①Notonlyhaveweaccumulatedknowledgefromtextbooks，①butwehavealsoforgedprofoundfriendships.⑥Hard-workingaswewere，thereweremomentsofself-doubt.③Onlyafterwefacedsignificantchallengesdidwerealizeourinnerstrength.Whenwelookback，②sofastdoestimeflythatitfeelslikeyesterdaywhenwefirstenteredtheschoolgate.④Werewetolivetheseyearsagain，wewouldundoubtedlycherisheverymomentmoredeeply.Ourteacher’sguidancewasinvaluable，and⑤sowasthemutualsupportamongourclassmates.Thefirsttimewefailedanexam，wewerefrustrated，and⑤sowereourparents.But④hadtheynotencouragedus，wemighthavelostheart.Now，aswestandattheendofthischapter，②suchabeautifulpicturedoesthefutureholdthatweareallfilledwithhope.①Neverwillweforgettheseunforgettableschooldays.[规则感悟]①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等含有否定意义的副词位于句首时引起部分倒装；notonly...but(also)．..，nosooner...than...，hardly...when...等句型中，当notonly，nosooner，hardly等置于句首时，引起部分倒装。注意：notonly置于句首时，所在的分句要部分倒装，but(also)所在的分句不倒装。②so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。③“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if，将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。2．全部倒装①Onthetopofthemountainstoodourtiredbutjoyfulteam.Wehadsetoutbeforedawn.②Thencamethefirstraysofsunlight，paintingtheskyinbrilliantcolors.③“Whatamagnificentview！”exclaimedoneofmyfriends，breakingthesilence.④Awayflewaflockofbirds，startledbyourarrival.⑤Lyingpeacefullyinthevalleywasasmallvillage.⑤Standingbesidemewasourteacher，whopointedtothehorizon.⑥Suchwasthebeautyofthescenethatnoneofuswantedtoleave.④Here,atthatmoment，existedaprofoundsenseofpeace.[规则感悟]①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now等位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。1.在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。Childashewas，hefinishedhistaskwithgreatcourageanddetermination.尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。2．在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而不能是代词。谓语也只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。Look！Herecomesthebus.看！汽车来了。不能说Look！Herecomesit.要说Look！Hereitcomes.对点练习1．Absurdas/thoughitmightsound，everyonepresentwasamusedbyhisadventurestoryinAfrica.2．Notuntilrecentlydid(do)theyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.3．Hereare(be)somesuggestions，whichIhopewillbeofbenefittoyou.4．Onlythendid(do)herealizethathehadfallenbehind.—Youshouldn’treadbookswhilehavinglunch①.Ifso②，youwillmakethebookyouread③dirty.Wouldyouliketoputyourbookasidenow?—I’dliketo④，butthebookissointerestingthatIcan’ttearmyselfawayfromit.—Doyouwanttohaveastomachache?—No，Ihopenot⑤.Iwillputitawayrightnow.[规则感悟]①在while，when，where，asif，if，though，nomatterwhat，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。②ifever如果曾发生过的话；ifbusy如果忙的话；ifany如果有的话；ifpossible如果可能的话；ifso如果这样的话；ifnot如果不的话；ifnecessary如果必要的话。③限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。④在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。⑤英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在以I’mafraid，Ihope，Ithink，Iguess，Ibelieve等开头的答句中。1．在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhile(youare)crossingabusystreet.在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。2．在状语从句的省略中，要注意连词之后的非谓语动词与主句主语之间的关系。Thoughlackingmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtocollege.尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。Healwayskeepssilentingroupdiscussions，unlessaskedadirectquestion.在集体讨论中，他总是保持沉默，除非被直接问到。3．动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动词而保留不定式符号to。Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.司机想把车停在路边，但被警察要求不要停。注意：当动词不定式是由be或have构成时，to后必须保留be或have。—Areyoufondofclassicmusic?—No，butIusedtobe.——你喜欢古典音乐吗？——不，但我曾经喜欢。—HaveyoutoldAnnaboutherfailureinthetest?—Yes，butIoughtn’ttohave.——你告诉安她考试不及格的事了吗？——告诉了，但我不应该那样做。对点练习1．Wefinishedthetasktwodaysearlierthanexpected(expect)．2．—DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday?—AsIknow，hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashedoeswriting(write)．3．Weallknowthat，ifnotcarefullydealt(deal)with，thesituationwillgetworse.4．Hesuddenlyturnedaroundasiftomake(make)surethatnobodywasfollowinghim.1．Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixare(be)stable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.2．ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.层级一基础达标练1．ProfessorSalovery，whoinventedthetermEQ，givesthefollowingdescription：Atwork，itisIQthatgetsyoupromoted.2．Sitting(sit)inthefirstrowismyheadteacher，whowilldeliveraspeechonthestage.3．Althoughwarned(warn)severaltimes，theboystillwentswimmingintheriver.4．Presentatthepartylastnightwere(be)MrGreenandmanyotherguests.5．—Whatdidshewanttoknow，Tom?—Shewonderedwhenitwasthatwecouldcompletetheexperiment.6．Someofyoumayhavefinishedthetext.Ifso，youcangoontothenext.层级二高考真题练1．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津6月)2．Were(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers，thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(2017·江苏)3．Butlikesomanyotherthings，itisonlytoomuchstressthatdoesyouharm.(2016·上海)4．OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedid(do)sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.(2015·天津)5．Intothecompletesilenceofthewaitingclasscame(come)theteacher’ssweetvoice，“Goodmorning，children.”(2015·湖北)层级三语篇提能练DishaFlorenceneverthoughtshewouldbecomeawebnovelwriter.TheladyfromBangladesh，wastryingtofindawaytofreeherselffromtherestrictionsfacedbyawoman,1.awishshehashadsinceshewas8.Itwasthen2.thatsheobservedthatbeingagirlmeantshecouldn’tplayintheparklikeboys，andthatsheneededtolearntodohousework.Asshegrewup，sherealizedthat3.withoutexperienceandknowledge，it’simpossibletobefree.Therefore，while4.continuing(continue)herstudy，Florenceworkedasavolunteer，goingtoplacesandmeetingpeoplewithorwithoutherparents’5.permission(permit)．Herfathertoldher，“Youneedtomakeyourownmoneytodoasyouwish.”Florencefoundthisadvice6.logical(logic)，butdidn’tknowwhattodo.At22，shenoticedontheChinesereadingappWebnovelthatthewebsitewashiringauthorswho7.weresaid(say)tobeabletomakemuchmoney.Withoutthinking8.further(far)，Florencestartedwritingandbecameaprofessionalwebnovelist.9.Inspired(inspire)bypopularChinese“CEOnovels”ontheapp，Florencewroteherfirstbook.Thisstoryaboutself-respectandself-love，10.whosecharactersareChinese，issetinEurope.NowFlorencehasabout164,200readersonWebnovelandisworkingonanothertwobooks.1．感叹句eq\x(典例)(2025·全国二)教授热情地点了点头，说道：“你的名字让人联想到多么美妙的意象啊！”Theprofessornoddedwarmlyandsaid，“Whatabeautifulimageyournameevokes！”eq\x(运用)(2022·新高考Ⅰ)在英语节目“TalkandTalk”中与你交流对我们来说是多么有意义的经历啊！WhatameaningfulexperienceitisforustocommunicatewithyouintheEnglishprogramme“TalkandTalk”！2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句eq\x(典例)(2020·新高考Ⅰ)我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的。”Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyteachershoutedatme，“Keepup，andyouwillmakeit.”eq\x(运用)(2020·浙江7月)埃莉(Elli)说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”“Hurryup，orthebearwillcatchupwithus，”saidElli.3．强调句eq\x(典例)(2025·全国二)正是在那一刻，我才意识到那深深植根于我血脉中的东西，以及我将其传向世界的责任。ItwasatthatverymomentthatIrealizedwhatwasdeeplyrootedinmybloodandmyresponsibilityfordeliveringitworldwide.eq\x(运用)(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)就在那个时候，我感到很幸运能遇到像Gunter这样热心的有一颗金子般的心的人。ItwasatthattimethatIfeltblessedtohavemetsuchawarm-heartedmanlikeGunterwhohadaheartofgold.4．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首的倒装句eq\x(典例)(2025·全国二)直到那时，我才下定决心要在今后的交流中积极分享更多文化故事，因为他们的兴趣激发了我更深层次的自我认同。OnlythendidIresolvetoactivelysharemoreculturalstoriesinfutureinteractions，astheirinterestsparkedmydeeperself-acceptance.eq\x(运用)(2025·上海6月)唯有欣然面对挑战，我们才能真正激发自身最大潜能，进而实现远大抱负。Onlybywillinglyfacingchallengescanwetrulymaximizeourpotentialandrealizeourambition.5．倒装句(so＋adj.＋be＋sb/sth＋that从句)eq\x(典例)(2022·新高考Ⅰ)大卫如此坚定，他终于到达了终点，所有的学生都为他欢呼。SodeterminedwasDavidthathefinallyreachedthefinishing