6.Chinese-art中国传统文化-中国艺术幻灯片

ChineseArtUnit6-21

Chineseart

:AbriefintroductionChinesearthasvariedthroughoutitsancienthistory,dividedintoperiodsbytherulingdynastiesofChinaandchangingtechnology.Differentformsofarthavebeeninfluencedbygreatphilosophers,teachers,religiousfiguresandevenpoliticalleaders.Chineseartencompassesfinearts,folkartsandperformancearts.2Fineart

Fineartdescribesanartformdevelopedprimarilyforaestheticsand/orconceptratherthanutility.Today,thefineartscommonlyincludevisualandperformingartforms,suchaspainting,sculpture,music,dance,theatre,architecture,photographyandprintmaking.However,insomeinstitutesoflearningorinmuseumsfineart,andfrequentlythetermfinearts(pl.)aswell,areassociatedexclusivelywiththevisualartforms.Artisoftenasynonymforfineartinthissense,asemployedintheterm"artgallery".Historically,thefineartswerelimitedtopainting,sculpture,architectureandengraving.3HistoryoftheArt

EarlyformsofartinChinaweremadefrompotteryandjadeintheNeolithicperiod,towhichwasaddedbronzeintheShangDynasty.TheShangaremostrememberedfortheirbluecasting,notedforitsclarityofdetail.InearlyimperialChina,porcelainwasintroducedandwasrefinedtothepointthatinEnglishthewordchinahasbecomesynonymouswithhigh-qualityporcelain.4Porcelainart(YangshaoCulture)5JadeCarving(HongshanandLiangzhuCulture)

6HistoryoftheArt

Aroundthe1stcenturyAD,BuddhismarrivedinChina,thoughitdidnotbecomepopularuntilthe4thcentury.Atthispoint,ChineseBuddhistartbegantoflourish,aprocesswhichcontinuedthroughthe20thcentury.ItwasduringtheperiodofImperialChinathatcalligraphyandpaintingbecamehighlyappreciatedartsincourtcircles,withagreatdealofworkdoneonsilkuntilwellaftertheinventionofpaper.7TerracottaArmy

(兵马俑)Theterracottafigures,datingfrom210BC,werediscoveredin1974bysomelocalfarmersnearXi'an,Shaanxiprovince,ChinaneartheMausoleumoftheFirstQinEmperor.(秦始皇陵).Thefiguresvaryinheight(183–195

cm-6

ft–6

ft5in),accordingtotheirrole.8

西汉霍去病墓石雕东汉马踏飞燕（甘肃张掖出土）

9

隋朝的鎏金菩萨像山西五台山南禅寺唐代彩塑

10元代释迦牟尼白瓷佛像

明代鎏金观音坐像11HistoryoftheArt

BuddhistarchitectureandsculpturethrivedintheSuiandTangdynasty.Ofwhich,theTangDynastywasparticularlyopentoforeigninfluence.Buddhistsculpturereturnedtoaclassicalform,inspiredbyIndianartoftheGuptaperiod.TowardsthelateTangdynasty,allforeignreligionswereoutlawedtosupportTaoism.12HistoryoftheArt

IntheSongDynasty,paintingsofmoresubtleexpressionoflandscapesappeared,withblurredoutlinesandmountaincontourswhichconveyeddistancethroughanimpressionistictreatmentofnaturalphenomena.Itwasduringthisperiodthatinpainting,emphasiswasplacedonspiritualratherthanemotionalelements,asinthepreviousperiod.13《溪山楼观图》燕文贵卷

14HistoryoftheArt

IntheYuandynasty,paintingbytheChinesepainterZhaoMengfu(趙孟頫)greatlyinfluencedlaterChineselandscapepainting.ArtworkintheMingdynastyperfectedcolorpaintingandcolorprinting,withawidercolorrangeandbusiercompositionsthanSongpaintings.15HistoryoftheArt

16HistoryoftheArt

UndereffortsofmastersfromtheShanghaiSchoolduringthelateQingDynasty,traditionalChineseartreachedanotherclimaxandcontinuedtothepresentinformsofthe“Chinesepainting”(国画).TheShanghaiSchoolchallengedandbroketheliteratitraditionofChineseart,whilealsopayingtechnicalhomagetotheancientmastersandimprovingonexistingtraditionaltechniques.17GuKaizhi(顾恺之)GuKaizhi(顾恺之，ca.344-406),isacelebratedpainterofancientChina.Hisstylenamewas'Changkang'(长康).HewasborninWuxi,JiangsuprovinceandfirstpaintedatNanjingin364.Hewasalsoatalentedpoetandcalligrapher.Hewrotethreebooksaboutpaintingtheory:OnPainting(画论),IntroductionofFamousPaintingsofWeiandJinDynasties(魏晋胜流画赞)andPaintingYuntaiMountain(画云台山记).Hewrote:"Infigurepaintingstheclothesandtheappearanceswerenotveryimportant.Theeyeswerethespiritandthedecisivefactor."Gu'sartisknowntodaythroughcopiesofthreesilkhandscrollpaintingsattributedtohim.Manyofthemajorworksareinthehandsofforeignmuseums.Theyareunderprotectionandcare,butitisuncertainifChinawilleverrequesttheirreturn.18晋顾恺之：女史箴图

AdmonitionsoftheInstructresstothePalaceLadies

19晋顾恺之

洛神赋图卷（宋摹本）

NymphoftheLuoRiver

20ZhanZiqian

(展子虔)ZhanZiqian(展子虔

c.midtolate6thcentury)wasafamouspainterofancientChinafromYangxincounty(阳信县),Shandongprovince.Hisbirthanddeathdatesareunknown.ItisknownthatintheSuidynasty(581–618)hewasappointedtotheofficeofChaosanDafu(朝散大夫)andlaterofZhangneiDudu(帐内都督).Accordingtothehistoricaldocuments,hepaintedanumberofgenresandreligionpaintingswhichhavenotsurvived.Hewasespeciallynotedforhispaintingsofpavilionsandpeople,andhorses.Hispaintingsofpeoplewereparticularlylifelike.TheonlypaintingbyhimthatsurvivestodayisStrollingAboutinSpring,whichisaperspectivearrangementofmountains.21隋展子虔：《游春图》

StrollingAboutinSpring

22WangWei

(王维)WangWei(王维，字摩诘，alsoknownasWangYoucheng)(699–759)wasaTangDynasty

Chinese

poet,musician,painter,andstatesman.Hewasoneofthemostfamousmenofartsandlettersofhistime.Hispaintingssurviveonlyinlatercopiesbyotherartists,butnumerouspoemsarepreservedandsomewereincludedinthehighlyinfluential18thcenturyanthology,ThreeHundredTangPoems.23唐王维《雪溪图》

传世的《雪溪图》可以说是最接近于史载王维绘画风格的一件作品。绢本，水墨，纵36.6厘米，横30厘米，无款，有宋徽宗赵佶题签“王维雪溪图”。24唐张萱《虢国夫人游春图》

唐周方《簪花仕女图》25唐韩干《牧马图》26ZhangZeduan

(张择端)ZhangZeduan(张择端，11th-12thcenturyAD),aliasZhengDao,wasafamousChinesepainterduringthetwelfthcentury,duringthetransitionalperiodfromtheNorthernSongtotheSouthernSongDynasty,andwasinstrumentalintheearlyhistoryoftheChineseartstyleknownasshanshui.27张择端《清明上河图》（局部1）28张择端《清明上河图》（局部2）29张择端《清明上河图》全图欣赏

/view/710/1541781.htm30《雪景寒林图》

北宋范宽

31《五马图》北宋李公麟

32ZhaoJi(赵佶)EmperorHuizong(宋徽宗赵佶，1082–1135)wastheeighthandoneofthemostfamousemperorsoftheSongDynastyofChina,withapersonallifespentamidstluxury,sophisticationandartbutendingintragedy.HuizongwasfamedforhispromotionofTaoism.Hewasalsoaskilledpoet,painter,calligrapher,andmusician.Hesponsorednumerousartistsathiscourt,andthecatalogueofhisimperialpaintingcollectionlistsover6,000knownpaintings.33《柳鸦图》北宋赵佶

34《腊梅山禽图》

北宋赵佶

35HuangGongwang(黄公望)HuángGōngwàng(黃公望，1269-1354)wasapainterfromJiangsu.Heistheoldestofthe"fourgreatmastersoftheYuan"（元大四家）.AfterservingasanofficialheactedasaTaoistpriest.HespenthislastyearsintheFu-ch'unmountainsnearHangzhoudevotinghimselftoTaoism.Inartherejectedthelandscapeconventionsofhisera'sAcademy,butisregardedasoneofthegreatliteratipainters.Hehadtwostyles.Onewasdependentontheuseofpurpleandtheotherpreferredblackink.LikeallotherChinesescholar-officialsofhisera,hewasalsoapoet.Lastlyhehadsometalentformusic.36元黄公望《富春山居图》

37《富春山居图》（局部）38ZhaoMengfu

(赵孟頫)ZhaoMengfu(赵孟頫,1254–1322)courtesyname

Ziang(子昂),pseudonyms

Songxue(松雪,"PineSnow"),Oubo(鸥波,"GullWaves"),andShuijinggongDaoren(水精宫道人,"MasteroftheCrystalPalace"),wasaprinceanddescendantoftheSongDynasty,andaChinese

scholar,painterandcalligrapherduringtheYuanDynasty.39元赵孟頫《秋郊飲馬圖》40赵孟頫《鵲華秋色圖》41TangYin

(唐寅)TangYin(唐寅,1470-1524)isoneofthemostnotablepaintersinChinesearthistory.Heisoneofthepaintingelite“theFourMastersofMingDynasty”(明四家),whichalsoincludesShenZhou(沈周1427-1509),WenZhengming(文征明1470-1559)andQiuYing(仇英ca.1495-1552).Tangisalsoatalentedpoet.TogetherwithhiscontemporariesWenZhengming,and,knownasthe“FourLiteraryMastersoftheWuzhongRegion”(吴中四才子).42唐寅《落霞孤鹜图》

《小桥流水扇面》

43BadaShanren

(八大山人)BadaShanren(八大山人,literally"MountainManoftheEightGreats",ca.1626—1705),bornasZhuDa(朱耷),wasaChinese

painterofshuimohuaandacalligrapher.Hewasofnoblelineage,beingadescendantoftheMingdynastyprinceZhuQuan.BadaShanren,apurportedchildprodigy,beganpaintingandwritingpoetryinhisearlychildhood.ArthistorianshavenamedhimasaleadingpainteroftheearlyQingperiod.Hispaintingsfeaturesharpbrushstrokeswhichareattributedtothesidewaysmannerbywhichheheldhisbrush.44

八大山人《八哥图》45八大山人《鳜鱼图》46八大山人

墨荷水鸟图47EightEccentricsofYangzhou

(扬州八怪)EightEccentricsofYangzhou(扬州八怪)isthenameforagroupofeightChinesepaintersknownintheQingforrejectingtheorthodoxideasaboutpaintinginfavorofastyledeemedexpressiveandindividualist.Thetermwasalsousedbecausetheyeachhadstrongpersonalitiesatvariancewiththeconventionsoftheirowntime.Mostofthemwerefromimpoverishedortroubledbackgrounds.Stillthetermis,generally,moreastatementabouttheirstyleratherthanbeingajudgmentofthemaspersonallybeingamon