2025-2026学年江苏省南通市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2025-2026学年江苏省南通市高一（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。A

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AllworksareselectedforAwardsbasedonoriginality，skill，andthedevelopmentofpersonalvisionorvoiceandwithoutknowledgeoftheteen'spersonalbackground.Worksarereviewedfirstonaregionallevel，andthosethatreceiveGoldKeysarethenjudgednationallybyanimpressivegroupofindustryexperts.

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Deadlinesforentriesvarybyregion.TheNationalMedalistsoftheAwardswillbeannouncedinJuly2026，andthroughoutthesummeraseriesofcelebrationsandexhibitionsforteens，families，andeducatorswillbehosted.Winnersmayhavetheirworkspublishedshowcasingstories，essays，andpoetrybyteenauthors，andhighlightingpaintings，photographs，drawings，andotherworksbyteenartists.

FormoredetailsabouttheAwards，visit1.Who

can

enter

the

Scholastic

Art

&

Writing

Awards？______A.SoldiersfromUKMilitarybases.

B.U.S.residentsaged13andabove.

C.Individualswithanoriginalwork.

D.Teenagersfromeasterncountries.2.How

are

the

entries

judged？______A.Byconductinganonlinevote.

B.Byreferringtotheteen'sopinion.

C.Byconsideringtheteen'sbackground.

D.Bydoingaregional-to-nationalreview.3.If

participants

can't

afford

the

fee，______.A.theywillbechargedonly＄10

B.theywillhavenoworkspublished

C.theycanentertheprogramforfree

D.theycanpayafterwinninganawardB

Dr.Jane

Goodall

is

famous

for

studying

chimpanzees，but

for

my

daughter

Lydia，it

was

a

different

story.What

connected

Lydia

to

Goodall

was

chickens.As

a

child，Goodall's

job

was

to

collect

eggs

on

her

grandmother's

farm.That

little

duty

got

her

wondering：Where

did

that

egg

come

from？Could

she

wait

long

enough

to

find

out？If

she

sat

very

still，would

hens

become

more

comfortable？That

curiosity

shaped

her

life's

work.

When

Lydia

was

four，she

was

also

in

charge

of

egg

collection.She

noticed

chickens'feelings—which

ones

wanted

hugs，and

which

seemed

happy

to

hang

out

with

us.So

when

Lydia，a

fifth

grader，picked

Dr.Goodall

for

the

subject

of

her

biography

project，I

wasn't

surprised.But

the

first

sentence

of

her

first

paragraph

kept

causing

frustration

（沮丧）."Jane

Goodall

observed

things

nobody

else

saw，"she

wrote.

The

teacher

was

helpful

when

giving

suggestions

for

improvement."What

were

Dr.Goodall's

scientific

findings？"she

asked."Could

you

please

give

examples？"My

daughter

did

her

best，but

the

second

draft

（草稿）

was

equally

unclear.I

tried

to

help.I

suggested

to

my

daughter，she

could

mention

some

studies，some

research，some

facts

that

Dr.Goodall

introduced

into

the

world.

That

was

two

years

ago.With

the

news

of

Dr.Goodall's

passing，I

asked

my

daughter

again

about

that

project."Do

you

remember

why

you

were

so

interested

in

Dr.Goodall？"I

asked."She

realized

something

true

that

nobody

else

recognized，"Lydia

explained.Now

in

seventh

grade，she

continued："Goodall

knew

animals

had

feelings

and

emotions.She

was

ready

to

take

a

stand

for

her

belief."Goodall

wrote

that

chimpanzees

showed

sadness，joy，and

anger.It

was

clear

that

they

deserved

names.That

idea

impressed

Lydia

most

because

she

had

seen

the

same

truth

in

her

own

backyard.

Nowadays，Lydia

wants

to

start

a

Goodall

chapter

at

her

school.She

learned

that

ordinary

behaviors—like

watching

chickens

or

loving

a

dog—can

produce

significant

results.And

sometimes，the

simplest

truth

is

the

most

powerful

one.4.What

did

the

chicken

story

mainly

show

about

Dr.Goodall？______A.Shelovedworkingonfarms.

B.Shepreferredanimalstopeople.

C.Hercuriositygrewfromfarmwork.

D.Hergrandmothertaughthereverything.5.What

was

the

problem

with

Lydia's

drafts？______A.Lackofsupportingdetails. B.Mother'srefusaltohelpher.

C.Failuretofindusefulfacts. D.Teacher'sdislikeofhertopic.6.What

did

Lydia

admire

about

Dr.Goodall？______A.Herfameasafamousscientist.

B.Herabilitytogivegoodnames.

C.Hermanyyearsofhardresearch.

D.Herwillingnesstofightfortruth.7.What

does

the

author

want

to

share？______A.Smallactscanmakeabigdifference.

B.Schoolprojectspromiseabrightfuture.

C.Childrenlearnbestbyobservinganimals.

D.Famousscientistscantransformtheworld.C

Many

people

think

dieting

is

a

great

way

to

become

healthier.Celebrities

（名人）

often

support

this

idea.But

let's

face

it：dieting

can

also

be

terrible.It's

not

a

fun

way

to

cut

calories.Being

hungry

can

mess

up

your

mind

in

many

ways.One

example

is

making

you"hangry"—that

angry

feeling

you

get

when

you

haven't

eaten

for

too

long.

This

is

a

problem

that

goes

much

deeper

than

dieting.In

a

world

where

many

people

struggle

to

feed

themselves，it's

worth

remembering

that

hunger

can

contribute

to

inequality.Without

enough

nutrients

and

calories，it

is

hardly

surprising

that

our

brains

might

struggle

to

develop

or

function

properly.But

how

does

everyday

hunger

also

affect

how

we

think？

Hunger

often

leads

to

negative

emotions

and

a

low

mood，which

can

greatly

change

how

we

see

the

world.If

you

are

in

low

spirits，you

remember

negative

things

more

easily，which

can

make

you

feel

even

worse.This

idea

might

be

a

game

changer

for

people

on

diets.

Most

of

us

know

the

feeling：when

we

are

hungry，we

can't

stop

thinking

about

chocolate

cake，crispy

fries，or

spicy

noodles.Studies

show

this

is

very

common.Hunger

makes

us

pay

more

attention

to

food.This

makes

sense

because

the

physiological

feeling

of

hunger

may

make

us

go

out

and

get

food.If

it

happens，the

first

step

is

to

stop

focusing

on

what

we

are

doing

and

start

thinking

about

eating.

Hunger

is

a

powerful

signal

because

it

helps

us

survive.But，as

a

result，it

can

also

seriously

affect

our

thinking.When

we

are

hungry，we

may

find

it

hard

to

deal

with

difficult

tasks，understand

small

details，or

stay

focused.When

we

feel

angry，act

without

thinking，blame

others，or

only

care

about

the

present

time—especially

if

we

don't

realize

these

feelings

are

simply

caused

by

hunger—our

thinking

becomes

even

more

confused.

So

being

aware

of

this

can

be

hugely

useful.The

next

time

you

are

angry

or

low，for

example，it

may

help

to

ask

yourself

whether

you'

re

really

just

hungry.That

one

small

question

can

pull

you

back

from

the

edge

of

a

bad

decision.Listen

to

your

hunger—and

you

might

just

save

yourself

from

a

fight

that

never

needed

to

happen.8.The

text

is

intended

to______.A.explainanewconcept B.challengeacommonbelief

C.promoteahealthyfood D.introduceaweight-lossplan9.How

does

hunger

influence

our

view

of

the

world？______A.Byweakeningourconfidence.

B.Bylettinggoofunhappyevents.

C.Bypushingustothinkmorepositively.

D.Byenhancingourmemoryofnegatives.10.What

does

the

author

want

to

say

in

the

last

paragraph？______A.Dietingisthemajorreasonforlowspirits.

B.Angerusuallyhasnothingtodowithhunger.

C.Weshouldkeepawayfromthefeelingofanger.

D.Checkingourhungercanleadtoabetterchoice.11.What's

the

text

mainly

about？______A.Howwecangetridofnegativeemotions.

B.Howdietingaffectsourmindandbehavior.

C.Whydietingbecomesincreasinglypopular.

D.Whyweshouldskipasinglemealregularly.D

For

nearly

20

years，scientists

have

known

that

the

slow，electrical

waves

in

the

brain

during

deep

sleep

support

the

formation

of

memories.The

reason

was

unknown.Now，a

study

published

in

Nature

Communications

offers

an

answer：these"slow

waves"prepare

the

brain's

long-term

memory

center

for

new

information.

During

sleep，our

brains

replay

the

events

of

the

day，moving

information

from

the

location

of

short-term

memory

located

in

the

neocortex

（新皮质）."Slow

waves"are

especially

key

to

this

process.However，how

they

work

at

the

level

of

brain

cells

remained

unclear.To

uncover

this，Prof.Geiger，head

of

the

new

study，and

his

team

took

a

rare

approach.They

studied

complete

samples

of

human

brain

tissue

obtained

from

45

patients

undergoing

neurosurgery

（神经外科手术）.In

the

lab，they

recreated

the

slow

electrical

waves

of

deep

sleep

and

precisely

measured

how

the

brain

cells

responded

using

an

advanced

technique.

Their

discovery

revealed

an

important

process：the

slow

waves

intensify

the

connections

between

brain

cells，making

them

communicate

more

effectively.More

importantly，they

found

a

perfect

timing

for

memory

formation.The

connections

work

best

in

the

brief

moment

immediately

after

the

brain

wave's

voltage（电压）

rises

from

low

to

high.

"During

that

brief

time

window，the

cortex

is

placed

in

a

state

of

higher

readiness，"explained

Franz

Mittermaier，the

study's

lead

author."If

a

memory

is

replayed

at

exactly

this

perfect

moment，it

is

moved

to

long-term

storage

especially

effectively."

This

finding

could

greatly

change

methods

designed

to

improve

memory，such

as

using

gentle

electrical

or

sound

stimulation

during

sleep

to

enhance

slow

waves."Right

now，though，these

stimulation

approaches

are

being

improved

through

trial

and

error，"said

Prof.Geiger，"Our

finding

about

the

perfect

timing

could，for

the

first

time，allow

for

the

targeted

development

of

such

therapies（治疗），potentially

helping

those

with

mild

memory

problems."12.What

is

the

purpose

of

the

new

study？______A.Tocomparehumanandanimalbrainstructures.

B.Tofindanewmethodfortreatingbraindiseases.

C.Toexplainhowdeepsleephelpsmemoryformation.

D.Toprovethatdeepsleepismoreimportantforhealth.13.How

did

the

research

team

study

the"slow

waves"？______A.Theyobservedsleepingvolunteersinalab.

B.Theytestedanewdrugonhumanparticipants.

C.Theyinterviewedpatientswithmemoryproblems.

D.Theyexperimentedonhumanbraintissuesamples.14.What

does

the

underlined

word"intensify"in

paragraph

3

mean？______A.Strengthen B.Establish C.Maintain D.Prevent15.What

did

Geiger

think

of

their

finding

about

perfect

timing？______A.Anaccident. B.Abreakthrough.

C.Anexpectedresult. D.Alosingbattle.二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。

Criticism

（批评）

is

a

natural

part

of

being

a

person

existing

around

other

people—it's

given

when

we

work

on

a

team，live

with

friends，post

content

on

social

media.

(16)

But

it's

a

valuable

opportunity

for

learning

and

growth.We

all

need

to

know

how

to

accept

criticism

with

grace.Here

are

four

keys

to

keep

in

mind.

Face

criticism

calmly.

(17)

Some

words

are

helpful

suggestions

for

improvement，while

others

are

just

meaningless

remarks.Do

not

get

angry

or

lose

confidence

because

of

outside

comments.Tell

a

part

useful

advice

and

take

it

seriously.Ignore

those

empty

talks

and

focus

on

your

own

progress.Stay

steady，and

you

will

become

stronger

day

by

day.

Turn

a

negative

into

a

positive.One

of

the

keys

to

success

in

anything

is

the

ability

to

find

positive

things

in

things

that

most

people

see

as

a

negative.Sickness

forces

you

to

stop

your

exercise

program？That's

a

welcome

rest.

(18)

Sure，it

may

be

rude

and

mean，but

in

most

criticism，you

can

find

a

suggestion

for

improvement.

Thank

the

person

offering

the

criticism.Sometimes

they'

re

coming

from

a

place

of

wanting

to

help

you.They

risk

upsetting

you

rather

than

stay

silent.

(19)

Be

grateful

for

that.Even

when

they'

re

not

trying

to

be

helpful，they'

ve

taken

the

time

to

respond

to

you.Getting

a

response

is

better

than

absolute

silence.Causing

a

reaction

means

you'

ve

done

something

interesting—

and

for

that，you

should

be

thankful.

(20)

Criticism

can

be

tough

to

hear，but

it

can

also

be

a

valuable

learning

opportunity.Use

the

criticism

as

a

chance

to

reflect

on

your

own

strengths

and

areas

for

improvement，and

consider

how

you

can

apply

the

feedback

to

your

future

life.You

can

learn

and

grow

by

welcoming

the

opportunity.

A.Be

a

better

person.

B.No

one

likes

to

be

criticized.

C.Stay

energetic

and

open-minded.

D.You

can

do

the

same

thing

with

criticism.

E.That

takes

courage，and

is

a

very

generous

thing.

F.The

first

reaction

for

most

of

us

is

to

defend

ourselves.

G.You

will

always

hear

different

voices

and

even

unkind

criticism.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

I

grew

up

around

logging（伐木）

camps.A

lot

of

the

forest

here

started

being

(21)

for

commercial

use.At

the

time，I

just

thought

that

was

the

way

things

were.That

(22)

when

I

joined

a

forest

protection

organization.My

job

was

to

(23)

seedlings（幼苗）

in

places

where

the

forest

had

been

cut

down.I

began

to

understand

the

(24)

of

keeping

the

forest

safe.

I

saw

colleagues

up

the

trees

in

the

forest.By

measuring

the

height

of

trees

and

setting

up

cameras

to

(25)

wildlife，they

help

with

scientific

research.I

(26)

thought：I

want

to

do

that.I

was

afraid

of

(27)

，but

I

wanted

to

challenge

myself.

In

2018，researchers

(28)

a

meranti

tree

in

a

Borneo

rainforest.It

was

estimated

to

be100

metres

tall，which

would

make

it

the

tallest

tree

in

the

world.Our

team

was

tasked

with

(29)

its

height.It

was

a（n）

(30)

climb：I

needed

to

check

the

tree

carefully

to

see

whether

the

branches

were

strong

enough.While

climbing，I

happened

across

some

bees

and

was

(31)

.I

got

about

100stings

on

my

body，and

when

I

got

down

I

(32)

for

20

minutes.

I

climbed

to

about

95

metres—after

that，the

branches

were

so

(33)

that

I

wasn't

able

to

climb

any

more.I

measured

the

final

height—it

came

in

at

100.8

metres.I

hope

my

work

will

(34)

more

people

to

care

about

our

beautiful

forests.After

all，they

stand

as

a

(35)

of

what

has

come

before

us.21.A.protected B.researched C.cleared D.burned22.A.continued B.changed C.happened D.worked23.A.plant B.sell C.count D.remove24.A.cost B.result C.possibility D.importance25.A.attract B.observe C.feed D.protect26.A.luckily B.differently C.nervously D.instantly27.A.heights B.darkness C.failure D.insects28.A.covered B.watered C.spotted D.described29.A.guessing B.confirming C.ignoring D.accepting30.A.quick B.easy C.slow D.odd31.A.attacked B.abandoned C.excited D.relieved32.A.passedaway B.passeddown C.passedby D.passedout33.A.heavy B.thin C.straight D.long34.A.inspire B.inquire C.force D.warn35.A.test B.disaster C.reminder D.mystery四、单句语法填空：本大题共7小题，共10.5分。36.Whenthetwolovers，LiangShanboandZhuYintai，firstmeet，themusicislightandpleasant，asif

（whisper）totheaudience.37.Since

Symphony

No.9

was

presented

in

1824，it

（become）

one

of

the

most

famous

pieces

in

the

history

of

classic

music.38.One

of

the

greatest

advantages

of

the

Internet

is

that

a

huge

amount

of

information

is

quickly

and

easily

（access）

to

everyone.39.

（ensure）

its

safety，Tu

Youyou

and

her

team

volunteered

to

test

qinghao

extract

on

themselves

first.40.Literature

has

significant

qualities，the

first

of

which

is

its

（describe）

of

truth

and

beauty.41.Beneath

the

ground

（be）

a

system

of

roots，above

which

the

dark

forest

floor

is

covered

with

a

layer

of

leaf

litter.42.

（consider）

to

have

cooling

properties，duck

is

appropriate

for

the

hot

summer

months.五、单词拼写-单句：本大题共3小题，共4.5分。43.Gone

are

the

days

we

searched

shop

after

shop

for

the

perfect

pair

of

boots.44.Miss

Brown

signalled

to

her

students

to

exit

the

classroom

in

orderly

line

covering

their

heads

with

their

hands.45.The

lovely

creamy

flavour，

works

like

a

time

machine，transports

me

back

to

my

sunny

childhood.六、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。46.假定你是李华，请你以学生会的名义在校英语报上写一篇倡议书，呼吁同学们预防网络成瘾。内容包括：

（1）沉迷网络的危害；

（2）可行的预防措施。

注意：

（1）词数80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear

fellow

students，

________The

Students'

Union47.

It

was

a

perfect

Saturday

afternoon.The

sun

was

warm，and

Leo

and

his

three

best

friends

had

been

playing

soccer

in

the

park

for

over

an

hour.The

game

was

getting

intense.Leo's

team

was

losing，and

there

were

only

minutes

left.

Then

Leo

kicked

the

ball

too

hard.It

flew

through

the

air，turned

wildly，and

went

over

the

park

fence，across

the

street，and

straight

toward

Mrs.Gable's

house—the

old

woman

on

the

corner

who

everyone

said

was

always

watching

from

her

window.

The

sound

of

breaking

glass

stopped

all

four

boys.For

a

long

moment，nobody

moved

or

spoke.Then

they

ran

to

the

fence

and

saw

it—Mrs.Gable's

front

window

had

a

round

hole

in

it，exactly

the

size

of

a

soccer

ball.Small

pieces

of

glass

shone

on

the

ground

below.The

ball

lay

in

her

flower

bed，crushing（压坏）

her

best

roses.

A

light

came

on

inside

the

house.A

dark

shape

moved

behind

the

curtain（窗帘）.Without

a

word，the

four

boys

started

and

ran

away

quickly—through

the

park

and

into

the

woods

behind

the

school.They

did

not

stop

until

they

were

sure

no

one

had

followed

them.

Breathing

hard

against

a

tree，Leo's

friends

started

talking

nervously.They

told

each

other

that

Mrs.Gable

had

not

seen

them.They

had

been

too

fast，too

far

away，too

hidden

by

the

trees.

But

Leo's

stomach

felt

sick.He

kept

thinking

about

the

broken

window

and

Mrs.Gable—who

lived

alone

and

hardly

ever

had

visitors.His

friends

shook

it

off，saying

she

was

just

a

mean

old

lady

who

shouted

at

kids

for

walking

on

her

grass.They

told

Leo

to

forget

about

it.Leo

did

not

answer.He

went

home

in

silence.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

That

night，Leo

could

not

sleep._____

The

next

morning，he

arrived

at

Mrs.Gable's

door._____

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Eligibility（参赛资格）&Entry部分的Participantsaged13anduplivingintheUnitedStates，U.S.militarybases，orCanadaareinvitedtoenteroriginalworkinanyoftheAwards'28artandwritingcategories（居住在美国、美国军事基地或加拿大的13岁及以上参与者，可提交28个艺术与写作类别中任意类别的原创作品参赛）可知，13岁及以上的美国居民具备参赛资格。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据JudgingProcess部分的Worksarereviewedfirstonaregionallevel，andthosethatreceiveGoldKeysarethenjudgednationallybyanimpressivegroupofindustryexperts.（作品首先接受地区级评审，获得金钥匙奖项的作品随后由权威的业内专家团进行国家级评审。）可知，参赛作品遵循从地区到全国的两级评审流程。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据Fees部分的Feescanbecanceledforanypotentialparticipantwhoisunabletopay.（任何无力支付费用的参赛者都可免除参赛费用。）可知，如果参与者负担不起费用，可以免费参与该赛事。故选C。

本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了Scholastic艺术与写作奖是美国历史最悠久的青少年创意奖学金项目，现面向全国13岁及以上青少年征集原创作品。参赛作品涵盖28个艺术与写作类别，评审注重原创性、技巧和个人风格，获奖者可获得国家级认可及作品出版机会。报名费用为10美元（个人）或30美元（作品集），经济困难者可申请减免，2026年7月将公布全国获奖者并举办系列庆祝活动。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。4~7.【答案】C、A、D、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中As

a

child，Goodall's

job

was

to

collect

eggs

on

her

grandmother's

farm.That

little

duty

got

her

wondering...That

curiosity

shaped

her

life's

work.（古道尔小时候的工作是在祖母的农场捡鸡蛋。这项小小的任务让她产生了诸多疑问。这份好奇心塑造了她一生的事业）可知，农场劳作催生了古道尔的好奇心。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中"What

were

Dr.Goodall's

scientific

findings？"

she

asked.

"Could

you

please

give

examples？"

My

daughter

did

her

best，but

the

second

draft

was

equally

unclear.（她问道："古道尔博士的科学发现是什么？你能举出例子吗？"女儿尽力修改，但第二版草稿依旧含糊不清）可知，莉迪亚的作文缺少具体事例与支撑细节。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中"Goodall

knew

animals

had

feelings

and

emotions.She

was

ready

to

take

a

stand

for

her

belief."（古道尔懂得动物拥有情绪与情感，她愿意为自己的信念挺身而出）可知，莉迪亚敬佩古道尔敢于坚守真理、为信念抗争的品质。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。通读全文，并结合最后一段Nowadays，Lydia

wants

to

start

a

Goodall

chapter

at

her

school.She

learned

that

ordinary

behaviors

—

like

watching

chickens

or

loving

a

dog

—

can

produce

significant

results.And

sometimes，the

simplest

truth

is

the

most

powerful

one.（如今，莉迪亚打算在自己的学校成立古德尔分会。她了解到普通的行为——比如看小鸡或者爱一只狗——可以产生显著的效果。而有时候，最简单的道理，却是最有力的道理。）可知，作者想要传达的是微小的举动可以带来巨大改变。故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了女儿莉迪亚因养鸡经历欣赏珍•古道尔，通过一次写作作业的成长感悟，明白细微观察与朴素真理能带来巨大价值。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。8~11.【答案】B、D、D、B【解析】（1）写作意图题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段Manypeoplethinkdietingisagreatwaytobecomehealthier.Celebritiesoftensupportthisidea.Butlet'sfaceit：dietingcanalsobeterrible.It'snotafunwaytocutcalories.Beinghungrycanmessupyourmindinmanyways（许多人认为节食是变得更健康的好方法。名人们常常支持这种观点。但说实话，节食也可能很糟糕。靠节食来减少卡路里摄入可不是什么有趣的事。饥饿会在多方面扰乱你的心智）可知，作者先提出普遍观点"节食有益健康"，通过But转折反驳这一观点，因此文章目的是挑战这一普遍看法。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Hungeroftenleadstonegativeemotionsandalowmood，whichcangreatlychangehowweseetheworld.Ifyouareinlowspirits，youremembernegativethingsmoreeasily，whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Thisideamightbeagamechangerforpeopleondiets（饥饿常常会引发负面情绪和低落的心情，而这会极大地改变我们看待世界的方式。如果你情绪低落，就更容易记住消极的事情，这又会让你感觉更糟。这个观点可能会彻底改变节食者的减肥思路）可知，饥饿通过增强对负面事情的记忆来影响我们的世界观。故选D。

（3）段落主旨题。根据最后一段Thenexttimeyouareangryorlow，forexample，itmayhelptoaskyourselfwhetheryou'rereallyjusthungry.Thatonesmallquestioncanpullyoubackfromtheedgeofabaddecision（例如，下次你生气或情绪低落时，问问自己是否真的只是饿了，这可能会有所帮助。这个小小的提问就能把你从做出错误决定的边缘拉回来）可知，情绪不佳时先问自己"是不是饿了"，这能帮你做出更好的选择。故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段Beinghungrycanmessupyourmindinmanyways（饥饿会在多方面扰乱你的心智）及第二段Buthowdoeseverydayhungeralsoaffecthowwethink？（但日常饥饿到底会怎样改变我们的想法呢？）可知，文章围绕饥饿如何影响思维和行为展开，故选B。

这是一篇议论文，章挑战了"节食是通往健康的捷径"这一普遍观点，通过论述饥饿如何引发负面情绪、干扰注意力、影响记忆和决策，最终呼吁人们在情绪低落或愤怒时，先审视自己是否只是饿了，从而做出更明智的选择。

做阅读理解题时，首先通过速读全文，快速把握文章中心思想与行文脉络；接着审读题干并划出关键词，定位出原文相关信息区域；随后将选项与原文进行细致比对，重点关注同义转述与概念偷换等差异；最终选择的答案必须既与原文内容精确对应，又与文章主旨逻辑一致。12~15.【答案】C、D、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Fornearly20years，scientistshaveknownthattheslow，electricalwavesinthebrainduringdeepsleepsupporttheformationofmemories.Thereasonwasunknown.Now，astudypublishedinNatureCommunicationsoffersananswer：these"slowwaves"preparethebrain'slong-termmemorycenterfornewinformation.（近二十年来，科学家已知深度睡眠期间大脑的慢电波助力记忆形成，但背后原理一直未知。如今《NatureCommunications》刊发的一项研究给出了解答：这些慢电波会让大脑的长期记忆中枢做好接收新信息的准备。）再结合第二段However，howtheyworkatthelevelofbraincellsremainedunclear.Touncoverthis，Prof.Geiger，headofthenewstudy，andhisteamtookarareapproach.（但慢电波在脑细胞层面的运作机制尚不明确。为解开这个谜团，该研究负责人盖格教授及其团队采用了一种少见的研究方式。）可知，这项新研究的目的是解释深度睡眠如何助力记忆形成。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Theystudiedcompletesamplesofhumanbraintissueobtainedfrom45patientsundergoingneurosurgery（神经外科手术）.Inthelab，theyrecreatedtheslowelectricalwavesofdeepsleepandpreciselymeasuredhowthebraincellsrespondedusinganadvancedtechnique.（他们研究了取自45名神经外科手术患者的完整人体脑组织样本。实验室中，他们复刻出深度睡眠的慢电波，并借助先进技术精准测量脑细胞的反应。）可知，研究团队依靠人体脑组织样本开展慢电波相关实验。故选D。

（3）词句猜测题。根据第三段Theirdiscoveryrevealedanimportantprocess：theslowwaves

intensifytheconnectionsbetweenbraincells，makingthemcommunicatemoreeffectively.（该研究得出一项重要结论：慢电波会intensify脑细胞之间的联结，让细胞间的信息传递效率更高。）后半句"沟通更高效"说明细胞之间的联系被加强，因此intensify意为"增强，强化"，A.Strengthen增强；B.Establish建立；C.Maintain维持；D.Prevent阻止。故选A。

（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段Ourfindingabouttheperfecttimingcould，forthefirsttime，allowforthetargeteddevelopmentofsuchtherapies（治疗），potentiallyhelpingthosewithmildmemoryproblems.（我们关于最佳时间窗口的发现，将首次推动这类记忆改善疗法的定向研发，有望帮助存在轻度记忆障碍的人群。）可知，盖格认为该发现极具价值，是一项重大突破。故选B。

这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新研究，通过人体脑组织实验揭开深度睡眠慢电波促进记忆储存的细胞机制，该发现为精准改善记忆的新型疗法研发提供关键依据。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。16~20.【答案】B、G、D、E、A【解析】（1）语境衔接题。根据上文Criticismisanaturalpartofbeingapersonexistingaroundotherpeople—it'sgivenwhenweworkonateam，livewithfriends，postcontentonsocialmedia.（批评是我们与人相处时很自然的一部分——团队协作、和朋友同住、在社交媒体发布内容时，我们都会收到批评。）可知，设空处围绕人们对批评的普遍感受展开；结合下文Butit'savaluableopportunityforlearningandgrowth.（但它是学习与成长的宝贵机会。）可推断设空处表达批评不受欢迎的含义，与下文形成转折关系；B项"没有人喜欢被批评。"符合语境。故选B。

（2）语境衔接题。根据上文Facecriticismcalmly.（冷静面对批评。）可知，本段围绕如何冷静应对批评展开；结合下文Somewordsarehelpfulsuggestionsforimprovement，whileothersarejustmeaninglessremarks.（有些话语是有助提升的有益建议，有些则只是毫无意义的言论。）可推断设空处说明我们会听到各类评价，包括不友善的批评，引出下文对不同评价的区分处理；G项"你总会听到不同的声音，甚至是不友善的批评。"符合语境。故选G。

（3）语境衔接题。根据上文Turn

a

negative

into

a

positive.One

of

the

keys

to

success

in

anything

is

the

ability

to

find

positive

things

in

things

that

most

people

see

as

a

negative.Sickness

forces

you

to

stop

your

exercise

program？That's

a

welcome

rest（化消极为积极。在任何事情上成功的关键之一是能够在大多数人认为是消极的事情中发现积极的事情。疾病迫使你停止锻炼计划？这是一个受欢迎的休息）可知，设空处承接前文"在负面事物中找积极面"的举例；结合下文Sure，itmayberudeandmean，butinmostcriticism，youcanfindasuggestionforimprovement.（诚然，批评可能粗鲁刻薄，但大多数批评里都藏着改进的建议。）可推断设空处表示可以把同样的思维方式应用到批评上；D项"你也可以用同样的方式对待批评。"符合语境。故选D。

（4）语境衔接题。根据上文Sometimesthey'recomingfromaplaceofwantingtohelpyou.Theyriskupsettingyouratherthanstaysilent.（有时候提出批评的人是想帮助你，他们冒着惹你不快的风险，而不是选择沉默。）可知，设空处对他人提出批评的行为进行评价；结合下文Begratefulforthat.（对此心怀感激。）可推断设空处点明这种行为的可贵之处，解释为何要感恩；E项"这需要勇气，也是一件非常大度的事。"符合语境。故选E。

（5）段落大意题。结合下文Criticism

can

be

tough

to

hear，but

it

can

also

be

a

valuable

learning

opportunity.Use

the

criticism

as

a

chance

to

reflect

on

your

own

strengths

and

areas

for

improvement，and

consider

how

you

can

apply

the

feedback

to

your

future

life.You

can

learn

and

grow

by

welcoming

the

opportunity.（批评可能很难听，但它也可能是一个宝贵的学习机会。将批评作为一个机会，反思自己的优势和需要改进的地方，并考虑如何将反馈应用到未来的生活中。你可以通过迎接机会来学习和成长。）可推断本段主旨是借助批评完善自我、成为更好的人；A项"成为更好的自己。"符合语境。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章指出批评是人际交往中不可避免的一部分，同时介绍了四条正确应对批评、借助批评实现自我成长的实用方法。

七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。21~35.【答案】C、B、A、D、B、D、A、C、B、C、A、D、B、A、C【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.protected保护；B.researched研究；C.cleared砍伐清理；D.burned焚烧。句意：这里大片森林起初都为商业用途被砍伐清理。根据前文"Igrewuparoundlogging（伐木）camps"可知，作者从小生活在伐木营地，所以此处指大片林木会被砍伐清理用于商业。故选C。

（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.continued持续；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.worked奏效。句意：当我加入森林保护组织后，这种想法彻底改变了。根据前文"Atthetime，Ijustthoughtthatwasthewaythingswere"可知，作者原本认为伐木是正常的，后文加入护林组织后有了全新认知，前后想法发生转变。故选B。

（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.plant种植；B.sell售卖；C.count清点；D.remove移除。句意：我的工作是在被砍伐过的林地栽种幼苗。根据后文"seedlings（幼苗）inplaceswheretheforesthadbeencutdown"以及常识可知，林地树木被砍伐，需要栽种幼苗恢复森林。故选A。

（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.cost代价；B.result结果；C.possibility可能性；D.importance重要性。句意：我开始明白保护森林的重要意义。根据前文"Myjobwasto（3）seedlings（幼苗）inplaceswheretheforesthadbeencutdown"描述作者在砍伐后的土地植树造林，投身森林保护工作可知，此处指作者由此领悟守护森林的重要性。故选D。

（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.attract吸引；B.observe观察；C.feed投喂；D.protect保护。句意：他们测量树木高度、架设摄像头观察野生动物，以此助力科研。根据后文"helpwithscientificresearch"以及语境可知，架设相机是为观测野生动物，获取科研数据。故选B。

（6）考查副词及语境理解。A.luckily幸运地；B.differently不同地；C.nervously紧张地；D.instantly立刻，当即。句意：我当下立刻就想：我也想做这份工作。根据前文"Isawcolleaguesupthetreesintheforest"以及语境可知，此处指看到同事在树上开展科研工作，作者当下立刻心生向往。故选D。

（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.heights高处，高空；B.darkness黑暗；C.failure失败；D.insects昆虫。句意：我恐高，但我想挑战自己。根据后文"Iclimbedtoabout95metres"描述作者攀爬百米巨树开展测量工作可知，此处指她原本害怕登高