高级英语第六版unit7beauty

高级英语第六版unit7beautyRomanCatholicismRomanCatholicChurchisthelargestsingleChristianbody,composedofthoseChristianswhoacknowledgethesupremeauthorityofthebishopofRome,thepope,inmattersoffaith.Thewordcatholic(Greekkatholikos)means"universal"andhasbeenusedtodesignatethechurchsinceitsearliestperiod,whenitwastheonlyChristianchurch.RomanCatholicsmaybesimplydefinedasChristiansincommunionwiththePope.RomanCatholicismholdsthatthePopeandtheBishopshaveinvaryingdegreesthespiritualauthorityChristassignedtohisapostles.Thevoiceisregardedasinfalliblewhenspeakingonmattersoffaithandmorals.234

5CatholicChurch6JesusChrist7SaintMaria8大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持继续保持安静91011121314151617Unit7

BeautybySusanSontag18SusanSontag1933-2004OneofAmerica'smostinfluentialintellectuals,internationallyrenownedforthepassionateengagementandbreadthofhercriticalintelligenceandherardentactivisminthecauseofhumanrights,diedinNewYorkCityonDecember28,2004.19SusanSontagTheauthorof17bookstranslatedinto32languages,shehaswrittennovels,stories,essays,andplays;writtenanddirectedfilms;andworkedasatheaterdirectorintheUnitedStatesandEurope.

Honors

the2003PeacePrizeoftheGermanBookTradethe2003PrinceofAsturiasPrizethe2001JerusalemPrizetheNationalBookAwardforInAmerica(2000)theNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardforOnPhotography(1978)20SusanSontagSusanSontagisapowerfulthinker,assmartasshe’ssupposedtobe,andabetterwriter,sentenceforsentence,thananyonewhonowwearsthetag“intellectual”.--NewYorkObserverWewouldn’trecognizeourpostwarintellectualhistorywithoutSusanSontag.--TalkMagazine21SusanSontag苏珊·桑塔格（SusanSontag,1933年1月16日—2004年12月28日）生卒于纽约，是美国著名的作家和评论家，著名女权主义者，她被认为是近代西方最引人注目，最有争议性的女作家及评论家。

她的写作领域广泛，以其才华、敏锐的洞察力和广博的知识著称。著作主要有《反对阐释》（AgainstInterpretation），《激进意志的风格》（StylesofRadicalWill），《论摄影》（OnPhotography），《艾滋病及其隐喻》（AIDSandItsMetaphors）和小说《火山情人》（TheVolcanoLover）。2000年，她的历史小说《在美国》获得了美国图书奖（NationalBookAwards）。她还是一位社会评论家和文学评论家，她对时代以及文化的批评包括摄影、艺术、文学等，被誉为“美国公众的良心”。此外，她也是一位反战人士，1960年代反对越南战争，也写文章批评过伊拉克战争。22DiscussionWho(awoman)doyouthinkistrulybeautiful?Who(aman)doyouthinkistrulyhandsome?Why?23BeautyListasmanywordsasyoucantodescribewhatyouthinkanidealfemale/maleshouldbelike.Doyouthink“beingbeautiful”isthemostdesirablequalityinwomen?Arewomenconcernedabouttheiroutwardappearanceonly?Whyandhowdowomenmakethemselvesbeautiful?Arethereanycriteria?WhatsocialdiscriminationisimpliedintheoldChinesesaying男才女貌？24韩国小姐选美20佳丽全撞脸25Whatisbeauty美善美，甘也，从羊从大，羊在六畜主给膳也，羊大则美。善，从羊从二言，表示众口夸赞的意思，由膳食之美引申为美好之义。因为羊的性情温和驯顺，所以“善”又有善良、慈善之义。26WhatisbeautyLivingwellandbeautifullyandjustlyareallonething.

--Socrates苏格拉底(470?BC-399?BC,Greekphilosopher)

27WhatisbeautyThegoodisthebeautiful.

--Plato柏拉图

(428?BC-347?BC,Greekphilosopher)28WhatisbeautyIsay:thebeautifulisthesymbolofthemorallygood.

--“CritiqueofJudgment”ImmanuelKant康德(1724-1804,Germanphilosopher)

29WhatisbeautyBeautyistruth,truthbeauty,—thatisallYeknowonearth,andallyeneedtoknow.

--“OdeonaGrecianUrn”,JohnKeats济慈(1795-1821,Britishpoet.)30Today31Today32TheBeautyMyth《美貌的神话》

byNaomiWolf(1992)33StructureI.(P1-3)theancientandmodernideasofbeautyII.(P4-7)Howwomenandmenaretreateddifferently:theoppressionofwomenIII.(P8-9)theadverseeffectofthegenderstereotypeonthedevelopmentofwomen

IV.(P10)callingonwomenandsocietytogetoutofthetrap34PartII.(P1-3)theancientandmodernideasofbeautyP1Greekdefinitionof“beauty”P2modernconceptof“beautyP3influencescontributingtothedegradationoftheword“beauty”35PartIDegradationofthenotionof“beauty”

AncientGreeceChristianityModerndaysoverallexcellencephysicalandmoraloutsideandinsidemaleandfemalesuperficialenchantmentphysicaloutsidemaleandfemalefemalegoodlooksonlyfemalephysicaloutside36PartIvirtue:(Latinword)valor,worth,moralperfectionlame:unabletowalk;(excuse,argument,remark)weak,poor牵强的、勉强的、站不住脚的e.g.(Ididn’thandintheassignment)MylameexcusewasthatIhadtoomuchelsetodo.

(Hedidn’tsay“hello”tometheotherdaywemet.)“Ididn’trecognizeyou,”hesaidlamely.37PartIparadoxical:self-contradictory,puzzlingpedagogical:teachingpedagogy教学法，教育学OneofSocrates’mainpedagogicalactswastobeuglyandteach…howfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.Socratesusedthecontrastbetweenhisinnerstrengthsandoutwarduglinesstotellhisnaïveandhandsomefollowersthatthereweremanysuchstrongcontrastsintherealworld.38PartI

thetrioofancientGreekphilosophersSocrates(469-399BC)Greekphilosopherwhoinitiatedaquestion-and-answermethodofteachingasameansofachievingself-knowledgeSocrateswastriedforcorruptingthemindsofAthenianyouthandsubsequentlyputtodeath.HistheoriesofvirtueandjusticehavesurvivedthroughthewritingsofPlato,hismostimportantpupil.39PartI

thetrioofancientGreekphilosophersPlato(427-347BC)AfollowerofSocratesHefoundedtheAcademy(386),wherehetaughtandwroteformuchoftherestofhislife.Platopresentedhisideasintheformofdramaticdialogues,asinTheRepublic.40PartI

thetrioofancientGreekphilosophersAristotle(384-322BC)ApupilofPlato,thetutorofAlexandertheGreat,andtheauthorofworksonlogic,metaphysics,ethics,naturalsciences,politics,andpoetics,heprofoundlyinfluencedWesternthought.Inhisphilosophicalsystemtheoryfollowsempirical(以观察或实验为根据的)observationandlogic,basedonthesyllogism(三段论法),istheessentialmethodofrationalinquiry.41PartIbewaryof/about:becautiousaboutpossibledangerorproblem.e.g.Peopleareunderstandablywaryofthenewgovernment.

Havingbeentakeninseveraltimesbystreetpeddlers,heisnowverywaryofthem.

I’mverywaryaboutbelievingthesestories.42PartIWhatdoesthesentence“Wedonot”mean?Howdoyouinterpret“…wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty”?Whatpointistheauthortryingtostatehere?NowwedonotbelievethatinsidebeautyandoutsidebeautycanharmoniouslycoexistinonepersonasancientGreeksheld.43PartIWenotonlysplitoff…isalsointelligent,talented,good.Wenotonlyseparatethe“inside”fromthe“outside”mosteasily,notbelievingthatinsidebeauty(character,intellect)cancoexistwithoutsidebeauty(looks)inoneperson,andareinfactshockedtomeetonewhoisbeautifulbothinsideandoutside.44PartIset…adrift:toleave(someoneoraboat)tofloatonthewaterwithoutdirection(here)separatetheword“beauty”fromitsoriginalmeaningalienated:separated疏离的arbitrary:随意的superficial:肤浅的45PartIloseprestige:losesignificance,loseprominence

失去威信(be,act,stand)onthedefensive:expectingorresistingconflictorattack处于防御姿态，进行辩解putsb.onthedefensivee.g.HewasonthedefensiveallthetimeIwascriticizinghim.

46PartIAssociatingbeautywithwomenhasputbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive,morally.Sincebeautyisusedtorefertofemalesuperficialenchantment,itismorelikelyforpeopletofeeldoubtfulaboutthemoraladequacyofaphysicallybeautifulwoman.47PartIIII.(P4-7)Howwomenandmenaretreateddifferently:theoppressionofwomenP4“Beautiful”and“handsome”arenotequivalents.P5socialstereotypesforwomenandmenP6conventionalideasconcerningwhatwomenshoulddoorshouldbelikeP7conventionalideasconcerningwhatmenshoulddoorshouldbelike48PartIIP4:atransitionalparagraphequivalent:对应词e.g.Theequivalentoftheword“beauty”inChineseis“美”.demean:loweroneselfindignity降低身份，有辱人格，贬损e.g.demeanoneselfbytakingabribe因受贿而为人不齿overtone:implication暗示，弦外之音demeaningovertone:implicationofhumiliation49PartIIvestige:mark,tracetothedetrimentof:harm,damage对…不利，有损于e.g.Heworkedlongerandlongertothedetrimentofhismarriage.

50PartIIWhydoesitharmthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomenbycallingwomen“thebeautifulsex”?Itdepreciates/devaluesthenotion“beauty”andimpliesasexuallyunfairjudgmentofwomen.51PartIIP5acontrasttheessenceofmentheessenceofwomenbeingstrong,effective,competentwhatoneisanddoesnarcissism,dependence,immaturityhowonelooks52PartIIthro:painItdoesnottakesomeoneinthethroesofadvancedfeministawarenesstoperceive…Oneneednothavepainfuladvancedfeministawarenesstoseethat.Itissoobviousthatanyonecanseethat.narcissism:excessiveadmirationofoneselfnarcissusdaffodil53PartIIidentify…with…:equate认为…等同于…e.g.Wecannotidentifyhappinesswithwealth.Canweidentifybeautywithgoodness?54PartIIAccordingtothewriter,dowomenbecomebeautifulvoluntarily?Ifnot,whomakesthemdothat?“womenaretaughttobeinvolvedwithbeauty…”“Itis‘everybody’,awholesociety,thathasidentifiedbeingfemininewithcaringabouthowonelooks.”socialconventions55PartIIP6,7acontraststandardforwomenstandardformenlookedatinpartslookedatasawholeunderscrutinyataglanceNothinglessthanperfectionwilldo.Asmallimperfectionorblemishisconsidereddesirable.56PartIIflattering:attractiveidealization:perfectrepresentative

Canyougiveanyexamplesof“flatteringidealization”?Andwhateffectdotheyhaveonwomen?57PartIIpassmuster:begoodenough,beacceptedassatisfactory达标，及格，认为可通过e.g.Heisnotagoodplayer,buthejustaboutpassesmuster.Slipshodworkwillneverpassmuster.wanting:adj.benotgoodenough,lacking,missing不够格的，缺乏的e.g.Freshwateriswantinghere.TheskilloftheChinesefootballteamisfoundwanting.Theyarewantinginconfidence.58PartIInothinglessthan:complete(用来强调某事很重要）完全e.g.Thatisnothinglessthanamiracle.Hisappearanceatthepartywasnothinglessthanasurprisetoeverybody.59PartIIRobertRedford:OutofAfrica,TheHorseWhisperer,OrdinaryPeople,theGreatGatsby60PartIIIIII.(P8-9)theadverseeffectofthegenderstereotypeonthedevelopmentofwomenP8Thepowerofbeautyisrelatedtomenandcannotbechosenorrenouncedfreely:oppressionP9Itputswomeninthedilemmabeingbeautiful:aduty–acoverforemptyminds61PartIIIrenounceannouncepronouncedenouncecensure:anexpressionofstrongdisapprovalandcriticism指责，非难62PartIIIpreen:(bird)tidyandcleanfeatherwithitsbeak;spendalotoftimeinfrontofamirrortomakeoneselflookattractive整理羽毛；精心打扮Ifawomandoesrealwork–andevenifshehasclambereduptoaleadingposition…Ifawomaniscapableandsuccessfulinhercareer…workat:makeeffortto63PartIIIDamnedifyoudo,damnedifyoudon’t:Whateveryoudoorsaywillbeconsideredtobewrong.Damnediftheydo–womenare.Anddamnediftheydon’t.Womenarecondemnediftheytrytolookbeautifulandiftheydon’tdoso,theyarealsocondemned.e.g.Dowhatyoufeelinyourhearttoberight–foryou’llbecriticizedanyway.You’llbedamnedifyoudo,anddamnedifyoudon’t.64PartIVIV.(P10)callingonwomenandsocietytogetoutofthetrap.Onecouldhardlyaskformoreimportantevidence…thanthatinterminablehalf-comichalf-tragictale,theoppressionofwomen.Theoppressionofwomen,likeabothridiculousandsadstory,isthemostpowerfulprooftoshow…65PartIVdisparage:undervalue,depreciate,lookdownuponatrap:asituationwithoutescapegetsomecriticaldistancefrombeauty:de-emphasizethenotionofbeautyinlife,disassociatethemselvesfromtheideaofbeautyabridge:reduce,cutshort,(somemeaning)beentakenaway66PartIVsave…from…:topreserve/protectsth/sb.fromdanger/ruinetc.save…for…:toputsth.suchasmoney/supplyawayuntilacertaintimeorforsomepurposee.g.Howcanthecitysavethesefineoldbuildingsfromdestruction?

Theysavedthepreciousrecordsfromfire.

Let’ssavethebestwinefortheparty.

I’mtryingtosaveasmuchofmyincomeasIcanformyoldage.67PartIVsavebeautyfromwomen:makeitunnecessaryforwomentobebeautifulsavebeautyforwomen:keepbeautyforwomen’sfuture,whenbeautyisinthetruesense(bothinsideandoutside),sotheywon’tbediscriminated68ThesisItisdangerousforthesocietytosplitbeautyintoinsideandoutside.Thisoppresswomenandputthemintoadilemma.Womenshouldtrytogetoutofitbyde-emphasizingthenotionofbeautyintheirlife.

69Discussion1.Afterstudyingthetext,whatdoyouthinkwomenshoulddotorealizetheirvalueandpotentialandtoavoidthe“crudetrap”mentionedbySontag?70Discussion2.HowarewomenandmenlookedatinChina?Arewomen’sandmen’srolesundergoinganychangeinmodernChina?7172ExercisesIII.Translation1.1.Iassumefromyourremarksthatyouaregoingtoquiteyourjob.2.Weshouldtrytodistinguishbtwtruthandfalsehood.3.Heisalwayswaryofoffendingpeople.4.Asajudge,youshouldnotmakearbitrarydecisions.5.Heisanartistofinternationalprestige.6.Heattributeshissuccesstoseveralfactors.7.ThesefragmentsofwallsarevestigesoftheNormanconquest.8.Hesmokedanddrankalot,tothedetrimentofhishealth.9.You’dbettercutyourinterminablespeechshort.73ExercisesIII.Translation2.到了男人身上，相貌是一个整体，是那种一眼就能看到的东西，不需要同构度量身体的不同部位来确认，所以没有人会鼓励男人分别从眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴等五官来判断自己的外貌。至于完美，那丝毫不重要，反而倒像是缺乏男子气的表现。事实上，对一个理想的英俊男士，一点小小的缺点或者瑕疵，反倒是可取的。以为自称是罗伯特·雷德福的粉丝的影评人（一位女性）说，正式雷德福面颊上几颗皮肤色的痣，才使他不仅仅只有一张“漂亮的脸”。试想一下这个判断所蕴含的对美，同时也是对女性的贬低。74I.GrammarNosoonerhadweexpressedouropinionsaboutbeautythanhestooduptosaytheopposite.SomanypeopleturnedouttoseethehandsomeactorRobertRedforduponhisvisittothemuseumthatalltrafficcametoastandstill.ThedestructionofmanyoftheoldbuildingsinancientAthenswasbroughtaboutbyabigfire.Itistenyearssincethesewell-bornyoungAthenianslastwentbacktoAthens.Susaneventuallyclambereduptoaleadingpositioninpolitics.Theexhibitionwhichthefamousactressvisitedlastyearhasnotbeensowellattendedthisyear.75Theexcusefortherefusaltopromotesomeofthecapable,thoughtfulwomenwastheshortageoffunds.Weweretoldnottotripoverthestepintothelounge.We’llbedisappointedifwecannotfindintelligence,talentsorvirtuesinabeautifulwoman.Evaluatingwomenlikethisseemspointlesstome.Thismanlyreporter,whosebackgroundIknowwell,isonehundredpercentbraveandhonorable.Theassociationofbeautywithwomenisnolongeraspopularasitusedtobe.76II.Vocabulary(A)preenfretfulwaryparadoxicallamelyobligationinterminable77II.Vocabulary1.1.complement 2.complement 3.complementary4.complimented 5.compliments 6.complemen