八年级下册英语外研版Module 3Unit 3

学练优八年级英语上（RJ）教学课件Module3八年级英语（WY下）教学课件Unit3Languageinuse

LearningTargets★Keysentences:1.I'vejustmadeamodelspaceship.2.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.3.Hasitarrivedyet?4.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.1.Tosummarizeandconsolidatetheuseofpresentperfecttensewithjust,yetandalready;2.Tobeabletounderstandlisteningandreadingmaterialsonspacereavel.ScientistshavesentspaceshiptoMars.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.RevisionAstronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.NoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.Scientistshave

alsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.

ScientistshavesentspaceshiptotheplanetMarstotakephotos.Theyhave

evensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.NospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.Lookattheunderlinedpartsandthinkaboutthem.1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceship.2.Hasitarrivedyet?3.Astronautshavealreadybeento

themoon.4.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.Grammar现在完成时是指“过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响”而且“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”。在现在完成时的句子中，already(已经)、just(刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面。yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句,（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）。现在完成时(1)现在完成时(2)当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分别用just,already或yet加以强调或说明。例：Ihavejustheardthenews.我刚听到消息。Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航员已经去过月球了。Hehasjuststartedtoexploreotherplanets.我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just用来表示“刚刚”，already用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have/has之后。在否定句中则可用yet,表示“还未”，有“以后可以会”的含义。例：Thescientistshavenotheardfromityet.科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。Manhasnotdiscoveredanylifeinspaceyet.

人类尚未在太空中发现生命。

另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例：IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ifinisheditanhourago.我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：A:Wherehaveyouputmybook?Ican’tfindit.

你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到它。B:Iputitonyourdeskyesterday.

我昨天放你桌子上了。该对话中，当A问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：A:Wouldyouliketogoandseethefilmwithmetonight?

你今晚想和我去看电影吗？B:Sorry,Ihaveseenitalready.

不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。【辨析】havebeento

与havegoneto（1）havegoneto表示“已到达某地”。说话时该人不在现场，强调尚未回来（go是方向性动词）。例：—WhereisJim?吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoBeijing他去北京了。（2）havebeento表示“曾经去过某地”。现在已经不在那里了（be是表示状态），后可接次数，如once、twice、threetimes等，表示“去过某地几次”。也可和just、never和ever等连用。例：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.

我去过北京两次。

【拓展】havebeenat/in表示“在某地待了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。例：IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.

我来上海已有三年了。SpaceshiponMars!Astronautshave(1)________beentothemoonbuttheyhavenotbeentoanyotherplanets.However,aspaceshiphas(2)_______arrivedonMarsandithas(3)_______sentbackphotosoftheredplanet.IstherelifeonMars?Wedonotknow(4)________.alreadyjustalreadyyet1Completethenewswithalready,justandyet.PresentationThespaceshiphasgonetoMars.Ithasgonethere,butithasnotcomebackyet.Astronautshavebeentothemoon.Theywentthereandthentheycameback.2Lookatthesesentences.1.Astronautshavebeen/gonetothemoonandreturned.2.Thespaceshiphasbeen/goneintospace.Itwilltravelfortendays.Nowchoosethecorrectanswer.3.Theastronauthasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Hewillcomebacktomorrow.4.Thespaceshiphasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Itbroughtbacktwoastronauts.3Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthebox.have/hasbeenhave/hasgone1.Aspaceship____________toMars.Itiscomingbacktotheearthnextyear.hasgone2.Lotsofastronauts___________tothespacestation.Theyfounditveryinteresting.3.Someastronauts____________tothemoontwice.4.TwoBritishastronauts__________tothespacestation.TheywillcomebackinJanuary.havebeenhavebeenhavegoneNicky:I’vejust(1)________(watch)agreatTVprogrammeaboutspace.Didyouknowthatscientistshave(2)__________(discover)wateronMars?Bill:Yes,Idid.Andscientists(3)__________(try)tofindlifeonMarsnow.watcheddiscoveredaretrying4Completetheconversationwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.Nicky:Yes,they’relookingforlifebutthey(4)____________(notfind)anythingyet.Bill:ThereweresomenewphotosofMarsinthenewspapertoday.(5)_______you______(see)themyet?Nicky:Yes.They’reamazing!haven’tfoundHaveseen5Workinpairs.Role–playtheconversationinActivity4.6Completetheemailwiththewordsinthebox.beenjustmetneverreadwrittenyetFROM:LiuDanTO:LiFangSUBJECT:I’vefoundagreatbook.DearLiFang,I’ve(1)________finishedreadingagreatbookatschool.Ihaven’t(2)________anythingasgoodasthatforalongtime!It’sastoryaboutthesolarsystem.Inthebook,thewriterimaginesthatastronautshave(3)_______toMars.I’ve(4)________thoughtaboutthatbeforeandIthinkit’sveryinteresting.justreadbeenneverIhaven’t(5)_______anyonefamousinmylifebutIhopeonedayIcanmeetanastronaut.I’ve(6)________toaChineseastronautformoreinformationaboutspaceandhisexperienceofspacetravel.Ihopehewillwriteback.Hehasn’t(7)_______.Maybeheistoobusy.I’mstillwaiting.Bestwishes,LiuDanmetwrittenyet7Listenandcompletethenotes.1.TheastronautjoinedCNSA_________yearsago.2.Hehasflowninaspaceship________times.3.Hefelt__________whenhewasinthespaceship.sixtwoexcited4.Hehasbeentothespacestation_________.5.Theearthwasblueandvery___________whenhesawitfromthespacestation.6.Hedecidedtobeanastronautbecausehehasalwaysbeen__________inspace.twicebeautifulinterested8Completethewordmapwiththewordsandexpressionsinthebox.astronautMarsspaceshipspacestationtheearththemoonthesunSPACEspacetravelsolarsystemastronautMarsspaceshipspacestationtheearththemoonthesun____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Nowaddmorewordsaboutspacetothewordmapandwritefivesentences.We’vejustreadastoryaboutaspacestationnearthesun.Astronautshaven’tbeentothesun,becauseit’stoohot.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Spaceshipsaretravellinginoursolarsystematthemoment.Iaminterestedinspaceandthestarsandplanetsinourgalaxy.IthinkscientistswillsendastronautstoMarsoneday.9Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.

astronautdiscovermoonnewsreachspaceshipyetInJuly1969,NeilArmstrongbecamethefirst(1)__________towalkonthe(2)___________.Peopleallaroundtheworldwatchedtheirtelevisionsastronautmoonandwaitedforthe(3)___________to(4)___________theearth.Wehavenow(5)__________alotmoreaboutoursolarsystem,andwehavesent(6)__________toMars,butnoonehaswalkedonthatplanet(7)________.ButIbelieveonedaysomeonewill!newsreachdiscoveredspaceshipsyetAroundtheworldNamesofthedaysoftheweekManyEuropeanlanguagesusethenamesoftheheavenlybodiesforthedaysoftheweek.Forexample,inEnglish,SaturdayisnamedaftertheplanetSaturn,thesixthplanetfromthesun.Sundayisthedayofthesun,atraditionaldayofrest.Mondaygetsitsnamefromthemoonandisthedayofthemoon.Sunday（星期日）：这是一周中的第一天。太阳（sun）在北欧人的心目中是极其神圣的。为了表示对太阳的敬仰，人们把每周的第一天命名为Sunday。Monday（星期一）：这是一周中的第二天。为了表达对月亮（moon）的敬仰，人们把这一天称作moon

day，后来演变为Monday。Tuesday（星晴二）：这是一周中的第三天。北欧神话里有一个战神叫做Tyr，他机智勇敢，守护人类的平安。为了纪念他，英语中就以他的名字命名为星期二。英语星期的表达来历Wednesday（星期三）：是以北欧神话中的主神Woden的名字命名的。Woden是北欧神话中掌管文化、艺术、战争等的最高神。Thursday（星期四）：是以北欧神话中的雷神Thor的名字命名的。Thor是北欧神话中最强大、最勇敢的神，是雷电之神。

Friday（星期五）：是以爱神的名字命名的。北欧神话中的爱神、婚姻女神叫做Frigga，相当于罗马神话中的“维纳斯”。Saturday（星期六）：这是一周中的第七天。它是以罗马的农神Saturn的名字命名的。因此是“农神日”，是唯一保留罗马名称的一天。10Workingroups.Chooseasubject,forexample,thefirstmoonlandingorChina’smannedspacetravels.Lookforsomephotosandinformationaboutit.MakingaposteraboutspacetravelModuletask:11WritecaptionsforthephotosandusetheinformationyoufoundinActivity10towriteadescriptionofeachone.12Giveyourposteratitle.Putitupforyourclassmatestosee