图表描述英文表达专题培训课件

Graphs&chartsPiechartBarchart(histogram)TableLinechart(graph)BECHigher(the3rdversion)P44:ExamformatApproachDESCRIBINGGRAPHSANDCHARTS：PieChartsPiechartsarerelativelystraightforwardastheyonlyusuallyhaveafewsectionsthoughthisisnotalwaysthecase.Youneedtodescribethesegmentsandtheirvalues.Ifthereareverymanythenjustdescribetheonesthatarethemostsignificant.Thevaluesareoftenexpressedinpercentagesbutnotalwayssobecarefulwhatscaleyouareusing.ThispiechartshowsthepercentagesofdifferenttypesofenergyconsumedintheUSin2007.Mostoftheenergy,39.24%,camefrompetroleum.Thenextlargestsourceofenergyis…...Itisinterestingtonotethatrenewableenergy,whichishealthierfortheenvironmentandsustainable,accountsforthesmallestpercentoftheconsumption.

BarChartsHopefullyyouwillhavedescribedthetitleofthebarchartinyourintroductionsoyoucangostraightintothedescription.Basically,withabarchart,youneedtodescribethebarsandtheirvalues.Whendescribingabarchartyoufirsthavetodecideinwhatordertodescribethebars,highestvaluetolowestvalueorlowestvaluetohighestvalue.Itmaybeamixtureofthis.Ifthereareverymanybars,youcansometimesgrouptogetherfordescription1or2or3barswhichhavesimilarorthesamevalues.Ifthereareverymanyandyoucan'tgroupthem,thenjustdescribetheonesthatarethemostsignificant.TablesThesecansometimesbetrickyastheyprovidealotofinformationanditisoftenawkwardanddifficulttodescribeeverypieceofinformation.Youhavetodecideanddescribethevaluesandsectionsthatarethemostsignificant.Linegraph

ThefunctionofalinegraphistodescribeaTREND.Youthereforeshouldtryanddescribethetrendinit.Iftherearemanylinesinthegraph(s),thenjustgenerallydescribethetrend.Ifthereisonlyoneortwo,thenusemoredetail.So,describethemovementoftheline(s)ofthegraphgivingnumericaldetailattheimportantpointsoftheline.Todescribethemovement,thereissomelanguagewhichwillalwaysbeuseful.Thereisalistofwords/phrasesyoucanuse.Asyouwillsee,thereareanumberofwordswhicharesimilarinmeaning.Thismeansthatyouwillbeabletouseavarietyofvocabularywhichgivesagoodimpressiontotheexaminerwhowillreadandmarkyourwriting.Thewordsbelowareparticularlyusefulforlinegraphsbuttheycanalsobeusedwhereappropriatetodescribetheothertypesofgraph.Vocabulary：ExpressingtheMovementofaLineIncrease;rise;climb;boom；goup;grow;double;triple;gain;jump;soar;surge;rocket;leap;accelerate;shootup;peak;summit,recover,improve,reach;leveloffDecrease;descend;fall;godown,slide;slip;decline;reduce;drop;dip；shrink;dwindle;behalved;tumble;plummet;plunge;collapse;slump;diminish;bottomoutFluctuate,vary,upward/downwardtrendRemainstable(at)；Remainsteady(at)；Stay(at)；Stayconstant(at)；MaintainthesamelevelAdjectives&AdverbsDramatic，dramatically；Sharp，sharply；Huge，hugely；Enormous，enormously；Steep，steeply；Substantial，substantially；Considerable，considerably；Significant，significantly；Marked，markedly；Moderate，moderately；Slight，slightly；Minimal，minimally；Rapid，rapidly；Quick，quickly；Swift，swiftly；Sudden，suddenly；Steady，steadily；Gradual，gradually；Slow，slowly；Small；heavily,stable,general,smoothly……

Someusefulsentences1.Thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberof...overtheperiodfrom...to...该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化.2.Thebarchartillustratesthat...该柱状图展示了...3.Thegraphprovidessomeinterestingdataregarding...该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据.4.Thediagramshows(that)...该图向我们展示了...5.Thepiegraphdepicts(that)...该圆形图揭示了...6.Thisisacuregraphwhichdescribesthetrendof...这个曲线图描述了...的趋势.14.Fromthetable/chart/diagram/figure，wecanseeclearlythat...oritisclear/apparentfromthechartthat...从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到...15.Thistableshowsthechangingproportionofa&bfrom...to...该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系.16.Thegraph,showsthegeneraltrendin...该图描述了...总的趋势.17.Ascanbeseenfromthegraph，thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof...如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况.18.Overtheperiodfrom...to...the...remainedlevel.在...至...期间...基本不变.19.Intheyearbetween...and...在...年到...期间...20.Inthe3yearsspanningfrom1995through1998...1995年至1998三年里...21.Fromthenon/fromthistimeonwards...从那时起...22.Thenumberof...remainedsteady/stablefrom(month/year)to(month/year)....月(年)至...月(年)...的数量基本不变.23.Thenumbersharplywentupto...数字急剧上升至...24.Thepercentageof...stayedthesamebetween...and.....至...期间...的比率维持不变.25.Thefigurespeakedat...in(month/year)..数目在..月(年)达到顶点，为...26.Thepercentageremainedsteadyat...比率维持在...27.Thepercentageof...isslightlylarger/smallerthanthatof......的比例比...的比例略高(低).28.Thereisnotagreatdealofdifferencebetween...and....与...的区别不大.29.Thegraphsshowathreefoldincreaseinthenumberof...该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍.30....decreasedyearbyyearwhile...increasedsteadily....逐年减少，而...逐步上升.31.Thesituationreachedapeak(ahighpointat)of[%]....的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为...百分点.32.Thefigures/situationbottomedoutin...数字(情况)在...达到底部.33.Thefiguresreachedthebottom/alowpoint/hitatrough.低谷期数字(情况)达到底部(低谷).34.Ais...timesasmuch/manyasb.a是b的...倍.35.Aincreasedby...a增长了...36.Aincreasedto...a增长到...37.high/low/great/small/percentage.比低高(低)38.Thereisanupwardtrendinthenumberof......数字呈上升趋势.39.Aconsiderableincrease/decreaseoccurredfrom...to......到...发生急剧上升.40.from...to...therateofdecreaseslowsdown.从...到...，下降速率减慢.41.fromthisyearon，therewasagradualdeclinereductioninthe...，reachingafigureof...从这年起，...逐渐下降至...42.besimilarto...与...相似43.bethesameas...与...相同44.Therearealotofsimilarities/differencesbetween...and.....与...之间有许多相似(不同)之处45.Ahassomethingincommonwithba与b有共同之处.46.ThedifferencebetweenAandBliesin...a与b之间的差别在于...47....(year)witnessed/sawasharprisein......年...急剧上升Let'sdefinethevariouspartsofalinegraph.Title:Thetitleofthelinegraphtellsuswhatthegraphisabout.Labels:Thehorizontallabelacrossthebottomandtheverticallabelalongthesidetellsuswhatkindsoffactsarelisted.Scales:Thehorizontalscaleacrossthebottomandtheverticalscalealongthesidetellushowmuchorhowmany.Points:Thepointsordotsonthegraphshowusthefacts.Lines:Thelinesconnectingthepointsgiveestimatesofthevaluesbetweenthepoints.KEYSKILL1:AskingandansweringquestionsaboutgraphsNowthatwearefamiliarwiththepartsofalinegraph,wecananswersomequestionsabouteachgraph.1.Whatisthetitleofthislinegraph?

2.Whatistherangeofvaluesonthehorizontalscale?3.Whatistherangeofvaluesontheverticalscale?4.Howmanypointsareinthegraph?

5.Whatwasthelowestandwhatwasthehighestpoint?6.Atwhatpointdidthedatariseorfall?KEYSKILL2:makenotesStudythegraph(s)anddecidewhatgeneraltrendstheyshowandwhatyoucanconcludefromthese.Makeshortnotesonwhatyouaregoingtosay.Makebriefnotes:P44Steadyriseinthenumberofcarsandpopulationovertheperiod1980to2020Thepopulationmoreorlessdoublestonearly8billionTheprobableconsequencesarealotmorecongestionandpollution从1830年到1950年，芝加哥的人口显著增加。在1950年达到高峰，人口约360万人。

1950年至1990年的人口稳步下降。1990年至2000年有轻微上升至约290万人。From1830to1950thepopulationofChicagoincreasedsignificantly.Thepopulationpeakedin1950atapproximately3.6millionpeople.Between1950and1990thepopulationdecreasedsteadily.Between1990and2000therewasaslightincreasebacktoapproximately2.9millionpeople.Thisgraphshowsthatafter1997theaveragelevelofLakeMichigandecreasedsignificantly.Thelevelstartedoffin1988at176.6metersandremainedroughlyconstantuntilitpeakedto177metersin1997.Afterthatitdecreasedsharplyuntil2001,whenitwas

approximately176meters.Forthenextfiveyearsitslightlyincreasedonaverage..GeneralupwardtrendfromJunetoDecemberin1998PeakedinJanuary,1999fallbacktotheDecemberlevelgaininFebruaryFluctuatefromMarchtoMayPeakedagainattheendofMay,butthenitcollapsedquickly.SharepricesofIBMandAmericaOnlineoveratwelve-monthperiod.(June1998-1999)JUNJul255075100125150175$200AugSepDecJanJunMarAgeneralupwardtrendfromJuneuntiltheendof1998Dropalittleinthelastmonthof1998AOLsharescontinuedtorisesteadilyandreachapeakinAprilIBMsharesfellslightlyuntilMarchByMarchbothshareswereworthabout$100Afterthepeak,AOLsharescollapsedtojustover$100pershareIBMsharesmadeasteadyrecoveryfromApriltoJun,finishingatjustover$100,almostequaltoAOLThesharepricesofbothIBMandAOLshowedageneralupwardtrendfromJuneuntiltheendof1998.However,whileAOLsharesthencontinuedtorisesteadilyoverthenextthreemonths,thepriceofIBMsharesfellslightly.ByMarch1999bothshareswereworthabout$100.AOLsharesthenshotup,almostdoublinginvaluewithinfourweeks.Theyreachedahighof$180inmid-Aprilbeforecollapsingtojustover$100pershareatthebeginningofMay.Therewasaslightrecoveryduringthatmonthhowever,despitethis,byJune1999thepriceofAOLshareswasonceagainabout$100.Incontrast,despiteminorfluctuations,IBMsharesmadeasteadyrecoveryoverthethreemonthperiod,finishingatjustover$100,almostequaltoAOL.Note:Thetwothingswetalkaboutarethedifferencesbetweentheyears,andthedifferencesamongthecategories.Propane丙烷Kerosene煤油

In1950coal,naturalgas,andfueloilaccountedforthehighestpercentageofhomeheatingsources.By1997,useofnaturalgashadsoaredtobecomeasourceforover50%ofhomeheating.Atthesametime,useofcoalandfueloildecreasedsignificantly.Electricitygrewsignificantlybetweenthetwoyearsaswell.Itisinterestingtonotethatnaturalgas,electricity,andpropanearetheonlysourcesthatsawanincreasebetween1950and1997.Thisgraphshowsthatinbothyearspeoplewereheavilydependentonnon-renewablesourcesofenergyfortheirhomeheatingneeds.Salesofadventuregamesincreasedsteadilyfrom30%-45%StronggrowthinactiongamesforthefirstthreeyearsButdroppedsharplyin1998(actiongames)Salesofsportsgamesfellfrom25%to15%in1996thenriseto20%in1998Salesofothergamesremainedsteadyat10%inthefirsttwoyears,fellslightlyin1997andthenrecoveredin1998Themostsuccessfulproductwasadventuregames.Salesincreasedsteadilyfrom30%-45%intheperiodfrom1995to1998.Therewasstronggrowthinactiongamesforthefirstthreeyearsofthesameperiod.Theypeakedat25%in1997butdroppedsharplyin1998.Salesofsportsgamesfellfrom25%to15%in1996thenleveledoffin1997androseto20%in1998.Salesofothergamesremainedsteadyat10%in1995and1996,fellslightlyin1997andthenrecoveredin1998BECHigher(3rdversion)P45Thegraphcomparestheamountofpalmoilheldinworldstocksovertheyears1985to2006withthedemand.Overtheperiodinquestiondemandforpalmoilrosesteadilyfrom7,000tonnesin1985to33,000tonnesin2006.Duringthesameperiodstocksofpalmoilalsorose,butfluctuatedgreatly.Atalltimes,endingstocksexceededdemand,butnotbythesamemargin.From1985to1997edingstockswerebetween1,300and1,700tonnes,eventhoughdemanddoubledduringthesameperiod.After1997themarginincreasedsignificantly,reachingapeakin2000ofalmost3,000tonnescomparedtothedemandof20,000.forthenextfiveyearsendingstocksfellbackrelativetodemand.Inthelastthreeyearstheindustryseemstohavereachedaconsistentlevelofendingstockscomparedtothedemand.OtherHintsDON'Tcopyanypartofthequestioninyouranswer.Thisisnotyourownworkandthereforewillbedisregardedbytheexamineranddeductedfromthewordcount.Youcanuseindividualwordsbutbecareful