主题24　人与环境、人与动植物、生态环境与国土安全

4/4主题24人与环境、人与动植物、生态环境与国土安全Ⅰ.阅读理解A（2026·杭州质检）Plasticandcheapclothesarenotagloriouslegacy.Butascientistexploringwhichitemsfromourtechnologicalcivilisationaremostlikelytosurviveformanymillionsofyearsasfossilshasreachedanironicandinstructiveconclusion：Plasticandfastfashionwillbeoureverlastinggeologicalsignature.“Plasticwilldefinitelybeasignature‘technofossil’，becauseitisincrediblydurable.Wearemakingmassiveamountsofit，anditgetsaroundtheentireglobe，”saysSarahGabbott，aUniversityofLeicesterexpertonfossils.“Sowhereverthosefuturecivilisationsdig，theyaregoingtofindplastic.”Clotheswillalsomakeanabruptentryintohumanity’sfossilrecord.Today，theworld’sgrowingpopulationoftenwearsmass-producedsynthetic（合成的）clothingthatisrapidlydumpedanditisnotaseasilyrottedascottonandsilk.“Wearemakingitinridiculousamounts，”saysGabbott.“Westickitintolandfills（废物填埋场），whicharelikegiantmummificationtombs.Itisalreadyclearthatmuchofmodernfashionwillendupbeingtrulytimeless.”Fossilsarenotjustobjectsleftbehind，butalsothetracesoflife’sactivitywrittenintotherocks.Humanactivities，suchasoildrillingandnucleartests，willleavelastingscars.Humankindhasalsocreatedmanynear-indestructiblechemicals，suchasdioxinsandDDT.Giventhatsimilarmoleculesproducedbybacteriahavebeenfoundinrocksthatare1，600MyearsoldinWesternAustralia，thesechemicalsappeartobeheretostay.“Andthereisthegraphite（石墨）usedinpencils，”saysGabbott.“Itisendearingtothinkthatitmaybethedrawingsofchildrenthatmaysurvivebestofall：apencilportrait，perhaps，ofafamilyoutsideahouse，withthesunshiningandarainbowarcingacrossthesky.”“Thebigmessagehereisthattheamountofstuffwearenowmakingiseye-watering—it’soffthescale，”saysGabbott.Allofthestuffmadebyhumansby1950wasasmallpartofallthematteronEarth.Buttodayitoutweighsallplantsandanimals.“Thisraisesseriousquestionsforusall，”shesays.“Doyouneedthat？Doyoureallyneedtobuymore？”1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthelegacymentionedinparagraph1？（）（）A.Troubling. B.Short-lived.C.Technologicallyweak. D.Environmentallyharmless.2.Whatcanbecategorizedastechnofossils？（）A.Dinosaurbones. B.Cottonclothing.C.Nuclearwaste. D.Solidlandfills.3.Whyis“thedrawingsofchildren”mentionedinparagraph5？（）A.Tohighlighthumancreativity. B.Tocelebratemoderntechnology.C.Tostressthatwarmthoflifeisheretostay. D.Toindicatethatchemicalscouldbefossilized.4.WhatisGabbott’sprimaryconcern？（）A.Biodiversityloss. B.Geologicalrecordaccuracy.C.Technologicalprogress. D.Overproductionofmaterialgoods.B（2026·武汉调研考试）HeidiTait，co-founderofTangaroaBlueFoundation，anorganizationcommittedtobeachcleaning，waspuzzledwhensheandherteammatesstartedfindingstrangetire-shapedcapsuleswashedashorealongtheCapeYorkcoast，nearAustralia’snortheasterntip.ButTaiteventuallyconnectedwithSatlink—aSpanishsatellitecommunicationscompany.Satlink’sCPS-enabledbuoys（浮标），theonesthebeachcleanerskeptfinding，helpcommercialfisherstracktheirnets，linesetc.Taithadabrainwavethatwouldseethebuoysnotjustrecycledbutreused.Formorethanadecade，boatcrewsworkingfartherwest，inAustralia’sGulfofCarpentaria，hadbeentellingTaitabouthowabandonedfishingnetswerecirclingthegulf，hurtingseacreatures.Theseso-calledghost（幽灵）netshadeitherbrokenfreefromcommercialfishingboatsandgottenlost，orwerecutloosebyfishersaftergettingcaughtonrocks.Weighingafewtonneseach，thenetsthatboatcrewshadchanceduponinthegulfwereoftentoobigforthemtopulloutofthewater.They’dtypicallyreportthefindstotheauthorities，butbythetimeanyonewithanappropriatelyequippedboatcouldheadouttogetone，themassofmessyropehadoftengonefromsight.However，onceoneoftheGPS-enabledbuoysisattached，itsendsitslocationeveryfewhourstoawebsite，whichletsTangaroaBlueFoundationmonitorthenets’movementsandwarnstheorganizationofdanger.Sofar，thereusedGPStrackershavehelpedTangaroaBlueFoundationrecoverthreeghostnetsfromAustralianwaters.TangaroaBlueFoundation’sideatotrackghostnetsisn’tentirelynew；researcherswiththeCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation（CSIRO），Australia’snationalscienceagency，suggesteditadecadeago.Takingtheideaonboard，theauthoritiestriedusingbattery-poweredtrackerstomonitorafewghostnets.TangaroaBlueFoundation’sapproachdiffersinthatitsrecycledbuoysaresolar-poweredandrequirelessupkeep.5.Whatwerethetire-shapedcapsulesoriginallyusedfor？（）A.Removingbeachwaste. B.Recyclingvehicletires.C.Locatingfishingequipment. D.Strengtheningsatellitesignals.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2？（）A.Illustrateafuturepossibility. B.Describeatechnicalprocess.C.Presentapracticalsolution. D.Frameaproblemcontext.7.HowdoTangaroaBlueFoundation’sbuoysoutperformearliertrackers？（）A.Theyneedlessmaintenance. B.Theymonitorbroaderregions.C.Theyreceivegovernmentfunding. D.Theyprovideprecisetrackingdata.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？（）A.TurningWasteintoTreasure：AFixtoGhostNetsB.FightingThreats：TheHiddenHarmofGhostNetsC.FinancingChange：InnovativeOceanCleanupPlansD.ProtectingSeasfromWaste：AnActivistofConservationⅡ.完形填空（2026·福建福州模拟）Ourmountainhiketurnedintoa（n）9adventurewhenastormmadeushideinanold，brokenhut.Under10vines（藤蔓），wefoundawoodenbox.Insidewasasilkscroll—itsinksurprisingly11，showingawaterfallfallingthroughpeachblossoms（花）.Thepicturefeltso12thatitseemedreal.Besideitwasa（n）13mapwithold，unclearsymbols.Drivenby14curiosity，wefollowedthemaptoahiddenvalley.Atdusk，acaveentrance15behindthewaterfall.Inside，ourtorches16litupwallpictures：cranes（仙鹤）flyingaboveponds，thinkersrestinginbamboo—scenesofanoldperfectplace.Walkingthroughthetunnel，westopped.Infrontofuswasthe17paradise（天堂）fromthepainting.Timeseemedstillhere，completely18.Wewalkedthroughpeachtreeswherepetals（花瓣）felllikepinksnow，drinkingfromspringssweeterthanwine.Butasitgotdarker，thingswerecognizedstartedto19.Wefeltscareduntilwesawsmallwritingonthescroll：“Heaven’sdooropensonlyonce.”Withshakinghands，wepickedupfallenpetalsand20wentback.Secondslater，thecavedisappearedbehindfallingrock.Atthemuseum，expertssaiditwastheworkofa（n）21MingDynastymasterwhoremainsunseenduringhislifetime.Manygroupssearchedthemountains，butthevalleystayed22.Butthosesavedpetals？Theyneverdryup—23remindersofaworldjustoutofreach.9.（）A.normal B.extraordinary C.risky D.tedious10.（）A.glowing B.hanging C.dead D.blooming11.（）A.dirty B.pale C.faded D.vivid12.（）A.alive B.still C.dull D.stiff13.（）A.modern B.torn C.digital D.weathered14.（）A.fading B.cautious C.irrepressible D.weak15.（）A.appeared B.collapsed C.dissolved D.narrowed16.（）A.violently B.faintly C.suddenly D.fully17.（）A.ruined B.altered C.very D.mini18.（）A.racing B.suspended C.broken D.hurried19.（）A.widen B.vanish C.harden D.brighten20.（）A.unwillingly B.eagerly C.decisively D.calmly21.（）A.infamous B.urban C.new D.reclusive22.（）A.accessible B.mapped C.vague D.commercial23.（）A.solid B.withered C.false D.mysteriousⅢ.语法填空（2025·安徽芜湖二模）InFiji，anislandnationintheSouthPacificOcean，communitiesemployuniquewastemanagementmethods.Drygarbageistypicallyhandled24.burning，whilewetwasteisplacedinspecialcompostbins（堆肥箱）wheremaggots（蛆）aidinbreakingitdown.Duringmycommunityserviceclass，Ilearnedaboutthissystembut25.（unintentional）causedanembarrassingincident.Oneday，Ithrewawaya