主题28　发展与环境的关系

主题28发展与环境的关系主题概述本主题探讨经济社会发展与生态环境保护之间的辩证关系，涵盖可持续发展理念、绿色发展模式、环境保护意识以及人与自然和谐共处等核心内容，旨在帮助学生深刻理解发展与环保并非对立关系，树立绿色发展观念，培养环保责任意识，形成促进经济社会可持续发展和生态文明建设的正确价值观念对接教材人教版必修第二册UNIT

2

WILDLIFE

PROTECTION；选择性必修第三册UNIT

3

ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION外研版必修第一册UNIT

5

Into

the

wild，UNIT

6

At

one

with

nature；必修第二册UNIT

6

Earth

first；必修第三册UNIT

5

What

an

adventure！；选择性必修第二册UNIT

5

A

delicate

world，

UNIT

6

Survival译林版必修第三册UNIT

1

Nature

in

the

balance北师大

版必修第二册UNIT

5

HUMANS

AND

NATURE；选择性必修第一册UNIT

3

CONSERVATION目录CONTENTS主题语基构建主题语基通关主题要点突破主题写作提能主题对接高考主题能力跃升主题语基构建子话题1发展与现代化1.

modernization

n.现代化2.

globalization

n.全球化3.

industrialization

n.工业化4.

automation

n.自动化5.

urban

adj.都市的；城市的6.

urbanization

n.城市化7.

advance

n.&v.前进；发展；进步advanced

adj.先进的；高级的

主题单词8.

expand

v.扩大；扩张expansion

n.扩大；扩张9.

exploit

v.开发；利用；剥削10.

boom

n.&v.（经济）繁荣；迅速发展11.

prosperity

n.繁荣；兴旺prosperous

adj.繁荣的12.

export

v.&n.出口；输出import

v.&n.进口；输入13.

infrastructure

n.基础设施14.

corporate

adj.公司的；企业的corporation

n.公司；企业15.

commerce

n.商业；贸易16.

economy

n.经济；节约economic

adj.经济的；经济学的economical

adj.经济的；节约的；简洁的；精打细算的子话题2环境影响与代价1.

burden

n.负担；重负v.使负重2.

cost

n.成本；代价v.花费；使付出3.

afford

v.买得起；承受得住；负担得起；提供；给予；抽得出

（时间）

4.

dust

n.沙尘，尘土；粉末v.擦去……的灰尘；掸去5.

infect

v.传染；感染（疾病）；影响（人的思想或行为）infection

n.感染；传染；传染病；（某种思想、情感或行为的）影响6.

ban

vt.（banned，

banned）禁止；取缔n.禁令7.

oppose

vt.反对；抵制opposed

adj.反对的，敌对的；相反的，对立的opposing

adj.相反的，对立的，对抗的8.

degrade

v.（使）退化；（使）降级9.

decline

n.&v.下降；衰退；谢绝10.

footstep

n.足迹11.

carbon

footprint碳足迹12.

over-consumption

n.过度消耗13.

over-population

n.人口过剩子话题3政策，行动与全球合作1.

law

n.法律；法规2.

legislation

n.立法；法律3.

policy

n.政策；方针4.

agree

v.同意；一致；赞成；答应agreement

n.协议；同意5.

collaborate

v.合作；协作collaboration

n.合作collaborative

adj.合作的6.

coexist

v.共存coexistence

n.共处，共存7.

aware

adj.意识到的；知道的awareness

n.意识，了解；觉察8.

ban

v.&n.禁止；禁令9.

limit

vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度limited

adj.有限的limitless

adj.无限的；无界限的limitation

n.限制；局限性10.

restrict

v.限制；约束restriction

n.限制；约束11.

enforce

v.实施；强制执行12.

respect

n.&

v.尊敬，尊重respectful

adj.尊敬他人的；有礼貌的respective

adj.各自的，分别的respectable

adj.可敬的；可观的；相当大的13.

solve

v.解决；解答；处理；化解solution

n.解决办法；溶解；答案14.

summit

n.峰会；顶点15.

role

n.角色；作用子话题4可持续发展与未来展望1.

renewable

adj.可再生的2.

low-carbon

adj.低碳的3.

balance

n.平衡；均匀；余额v.（使）平衡balanced

adj.平衡的；均衡的imbalance

n.不平衡；失衡4.

future

n.未来；前途adj.未来的5.

reuse

v.&n.再次使用；重复利用6.

consider

v.考虑considerate

adj.体贴的；考虑周到的consideration

n.体贴；考虑

主题短语1.

cut

down

砍伐2.

use

up

用尽，耗尽3.

give

off

释放，散发（气体、热量等）4.

at

the

expense

of

以……为代价5.

protect

...from

...

保护……不受……（的危害）6.

in

the

long

run

从长远来看7.

set

foot

upon/on

踏上8.

turn

one’s

back

（on

sb/sth）

对……置之不理；对……撒手不管11.

spring

to

mind

突然记起（或想到）12.

on

the

edge

of

在……边缘；某事快要发生13.

come

into

being

形成；产生14.

make

out

看清；听清；分清15.

under

pressure

在压力下；承受压力9.

take

...into

account

把……考虑进去10.

do

one’s

part

尽某人的职责

主题语块1.

achieve

sustainable

development

实现可持续发展2.

protect

the

ecological

environment

保护生态环境3.

maintain

ecological

balance

维持生态平衡4.

raise

environmental

awareness

提高环保意识5.

reduce

carbon

emissions

减少碳排放6.

prevent

soil

and

water

pollution

防止水土污染7.

implement

environmental

regulations

实施环保法规8.

strike

a

balance

between

A

and

B

在A和B之间取得平衡11.

restore

the

damaged

ecosystem

恢复受损的生态系统12.

classify

and

recycle

waste

分类和回收废物9.

adopt

a

low-carbon

lifestyle

采取低碳生活方式10.

develop

clean

energy

technologies

发展清洁能源技术

主题佳句高考必背写作佳句1.

句型公式：状语从句的省略If

（I

am）

accepted，I

can

introduce

the

history

of

Chinese

painting

to

visitors，

which

can

help

them

know

more

about

Chinese

culture.

（申请信）

假如我被接收的话，我将向游客介绍中国的绘画历史，这可以帮助他

们更多地了解中国文化。2.

句型公式：while表示对比On

the

basis

of

the

above

chart，18％

of

the

students

prefer

to

read

English

books

while

12％

are

accessible

to

English

learning

websites.

（图表作文）

根据上面的图表，18％的学生更喜欢阅读英语书籍，而12％的学生可

以访问英语学习网站。主题语基通关基础知识巩固集训（一）默写训练Ⅰ.单词默写1.

n.&v.（经济）繁荣；迅速发展2.

vt.禁止；取缔n.禁令3.

adj.低碳的4.

n.未来；前途adj.未来的5.

v.&n.再次使用；重复利用boom

ban

low-carbon

future

reuse

Ⅱ.派生单词默写1.

export

v.&n.出口；输出

v.&n.进口；输入2.

economy

n.经济；节约

adj.经济的；经济学的

adj.经济的；节约的；简洁的；精打细算的3.

collaborate

v.合作；协作

n.合作

adj.合作的import

economic

economical

collaboration

collaborative

4.

coexist

v.共存

n.共处，共存5.

limit

vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度

adj.有限的

adj.无限的；无界限的

n.限制；局限性6.

restrict

v.限制；约束

n.限制；约束7.

solve

v.解决；解答；处理；化解

n.解决办法；溶解；答案coexistence

limited

limitless

limitation

restriction

solution

8.

respect

n.&

v.尊敬，尊重

adj.尊敬他人的；有礼貌的

adj.各自的，分别的

adj.可敬的；可观的；相当大的9.

balance

n.平衡；均匀；余额v.（使）平衡

adj.平衡的；均衡的

n.不平衡；失衡10.

consider

v.考虑

adj.体贴的；考虑周到的

n.体贴；考虑respectful

respective

respectable

balanced

imbalance

considerate

consideration

Ⅲ.短语/语块默写1.

用尽，耗尽2.

释放，散发（气体、热量等）3.

以……为代价4.

保护……不受……（的危害）5.

从长远来看6.

踏上7.

尽某人的职责8.

突然记起（或想到）9.

在压力下；承受压力use

up

give

off

at

the

expense

of

protect

...from

...

in

the

long

run

set

foot

upon/on

do

one’s

part

spring

to

mind

under

pressure

10.

形成；产生11.

实现可持续发展12.

维持生态平衡come

into

being

achieve

sustainable

development

maintain

ecological

balance

Ⅳ.主题佳句默写1.

，I

can

introduce

the

history

of

Chinese

painting

to

visitors，

which

can

help

them

know

more

about

Chinese

culture.假如我被接收的话，我将向游客介绍中国的绘画历史，这可以帮助他

们更多地了解中国文化。If

（I

am）

accepted

2.

On

the

basis

of

the

above

chart，18％

of

the

students

prefer

to

read

English

books

⁠.根据上面的图表，18％的学生更喜欢阅读英语书籍，而12％的学生可

以访问英语学习网站。while

12％

are

accessible

to

English

learning

websites

Ⅰ.单词拼写1.

The

rapid

growth

of

（都市的）

areas

can

put

a

strain

on

natural

resources

and

increase

flood

risks.2.

The

financial

（负担）

of

rebuilding

after

a

major

disaster

can

be

overwhelming

for

a

community.3.

Many

low-income

families

cannot

（承受得住）

the

cost

of

reinforcing

their

homes

against

earthquakes.urban

burden

afford

基础知识巩固集训（二）

语境运用

4.

Scientistshaveobservedasharp

（下降）inthe

populationofmanywildlifespeciesduetohabitatloss.5.

The

government

implemented

a

new

（政策）

to

encourage

the

use

of

renewable

energy

sources.6.

There

is

a

global

（禁令）

on

the

use

of

certain

chemicals

that

damage

the

ozone

layer.policy

ban

decline

Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空1.

With

（advance）

technology，

weather

forecasts

have

become

much

more

reliable，

helping

people

prepare

for

storms.2.

The

rapid

（expand）

of

cities

into

natural

habitats

is

a

major

cause

of

biodiversity

loss.3.

After

the

flood，

there

was

a

high

risk

of

waterborne

⁠

（infect）

spreading

among

the

population.4.

They

are

strongly

（oppose）

to

keeping

wild

animals

as

pets.advanced

expansion

infection

opposed

5.

The

international

（agree）

on

climate

change

aims

to

limit

global

warming.6.

Environmental

（aware）

has

grown

significantly

over

the

past

decade，

leading

to

more

sustainable

practices.agreement

awareness

Ⅲ.完成句子1.

Large

areas

of

forest

，

which

led

to

serious

soil

erosion.为了建造农场，大片森林被砍伐，这导致了严重的水土流失。2.

When

making

a

disaster

prevention

plan，

we

must

⁠

⁠.在制定防灾计划时，我们必须将当地的地理条件考虑进去。3.

Many

coastal

cities

are

being

submerged

due

to

global

warming.由于全球变暖，许多沿海城市正处于被淹没的边缘。4.

The

fog

was

so

thick

that

I

could

hardly

⁠.由于雾太大，我几乎看不清前面的路。were

cut

down

to

build

farms

take

the

local

geographical

conditions

into

account

on

the

edge

of

make

out

the

road

ahead

主题要点突破

advance

n.&v.前进；发展；进步→advanced

adj.先进的；高级的练通

单句语法填空①The

hospital

is

equipped

with

（advance）

medical

technology

to

treat

the

injured.②

advance

of

the

approaching

typhoon，

all

residents

were

advised

to

evacuate

to

safer

areas.advanced

In

写美

微写作③I’m

writing

to

ask

about

⁠

about

Canadian

sports.

（2025·全国二卷）我写信是想询问您撰写关于加拿大体育运动那篇文章的进展。the

advance

you’ve

made

on

the

article

用法in

advance

（of）

（在……）预先，事先make

advances

in

在……方面取得进展an

advance

on

对……的改进佳句

Every

inch

of

their

advance

was

a

battle

against

the

rubble

and

despair，

fueled

by

the

hope

of

finding

survivors.他们前进的每一步都是与瓦砾和绝望的斗争，而支撑他们的是找到幸

存者的希望。积累

advanced

technology先进的技术technological

advance科技进步an

advance

warning

system预警系统

ban

vt.（banned，

banned）禁止；取缔n.禁令练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①There

is

a

nationwide

ban

smoking

in

all

indoor

public

places.②The

government

is

considering

banning

cars

the

city

center

to

reduce

air

pollution.③The

government

to

protect

the

environment.为了保护环境，政府已禁止使用一次性塑料袋。on

from

has

banned

the

use

of

single-use

plastic

bags

写美

微写作④A

“Guess

who

I

am”

column

would

be

a

welcome

change，

a

definite

improvement

on

content

that

can

sometimes

feel

like

it

⁠

.（2025·全国一卷）“猜猜我是谁”这个栏目会是一个受欢迎的改变，绝对是对那些有时

让人觉得应该被禁止无聊的内容的改进。deserves

a

ban

on

being

boring

用法a

ban

on

sth

对……的禁令place/put/impose

a

ban

on

对……实施禁令ban

sb

from

doing

sth

禁止某人做某事佳句

①The

government’s

ban

on

deforestation

is

a

crucial

step

towards

preserving

biodiversity

and

combating

climate

change.

（环境保护）政府对砍伐森林的禁令是保护生物多样性和应对气候变化的关键

一步。②He

looked

at

the

polluted

river

and

wished

he

could

impose

a

ban

on

all

the

factories

that

had

stolen

its

life

and

clarity.他看着被污染的河流，希

望能对所有夺走其生命与清澈的工厂实施禁令。积累

a

temporary/permanent

ban临时/永久禁令lift

a

ban解除禁令face

a

ban面临禁令

oppose

vt.反对；抵制→opposed

adj.反对的，敌对的；相反的，对

立的→opposing

adj.相反的，对立的，对抗的练通

单句语法填空①I

am

completely

（oppose）

to

any

form

of

animal

cruelty

for

entertainment.②As

opposed

fossil

fuels，

renewable

energy

sources

like

solar

and

wind

are

much

cleaner.opposed

to

写美

微写作③Many

local

residents

to

build

a

chemical

plant

near

their

community.许多当地居民强烈反对在他们社区附近建造化工厂的计划。strongly

oppose

the

plan

用法oppose

a

plan/proposal

反对计划/提议be

opposed

to

（doing）

sth

反对（做）某事as

opposed

to

与……相反；而不是佳句

The

two

brothers

held

opposed

views

on

development，

one

favoring

economic

growth

at

all

costs，

the

other

advocating

for

environmental

protection.（社会发展）兄弟二人在发展问题上持相反观点，一个不惜一切代价支持经济增

长，另一个则倡导环境保护。

aware

adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness

n.意识，了解，觉察练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①People

are

becoming

more

aware

the

importance

of

protecting

the

environment.②Schools

play

a

vital

role

in

raising

students’

environmental

（aware）.③Not

until

then

of

the

problem.直到那时我才意识到这个问题的严重性。of

awareness

was

I

aware

of

the

seriousness

写美

微写作④I

Toby

wasn’t

just

a

dog

to

him；

he

was

a

lifeline

in

a

sea

of

loneliness.

（2025·全国一卷）我痛苦地意识到，托比对他来说不仅仅是一条狗；它是在孤独海洋中

的一根生命线。became

painfully

aware

that

用法be

aware

of

意识到be

aware

that

...

意识到……make

sb

aware

of

使某人意识到raise/arouse

awareness

of

提高/激发对……的认识佳句

He

was

suddenly

aware

of

the

silence

in

the

house，

a

silence

that

was

heavier

and

more

profound

than

any

noise.他突然意识到了屋子里的寂静，一种比任何噪音都更沉重、更深邃的

寂静。积累

raise

students’environmental

awareness

提高学生的环保意识be

aware

of

the

risk意识到风险

limit

vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→limited

adj.有限的→limitless

adj.无限的；无界限的→limitation

n.限制；局限性练通

单句语法填空①Due

to

（limit）

funding，

the

research

project

had

to

be

scaled

back.②The

human

imagination

is

（limit），

capable

of

creating

incredible

works

of

art

and

science.limited

limitless

写美

微写作③The

“Guess

who

I

am”

column

⁠

，

allowing

students

to

describe

their

peers

in

fun

and

clever

ways.（2025·全国一卷）“猜猜我是谁”这个栏目在创意方面有无限的潜力，能让学生们用有

趣和巧妙的方式来描述他们的同伴。has

limitless

potential

for

creativity

用法set

a

limit

to

对……加以限制within

the

time

limit

在时限内push

the

limits

挑战极限without

limit

无限制地佳句

The

planet’s

resources

are

limited，

which

is

why

sustainable

development

is

not

just

an

option

but

a

necessity

for

our

survival.

（环境保护）地球的资源是有限的，这就是为什么可持续发展不仅仅是一个选项，

而是我们生存的必需。积累

age/speed

limit年龄/速度限制limited

resources有限的资源overcome

limitations克服局限

balance

n.平衡；均匀；余额v.（使）平衡→balanced

adj.平衡

的；均衡的→imbalance

n.不平衡；失衡练通

单句语法填空①It

is

crucial

to

strike

balance

between

development

and

environment.②A

（balance）

ecosystem

is

essential

for

the

survival

of

all

species.③The

rapid

industrialization

has

caused

a

serious

ecological

（balance）.a

balanced

imbalance

写美

微写作④A

good

school

newspaper

between

reporting

on

school

news

and

providing

content

that

is

simply

fun

to

read.一份好的校报应该在报道学校新闻和提供纯粹有趣的阅读内容之间保

持平衡。should

maintain

a

balance

用法strike

a

balance

取得平衡keep

one’s

balance

保持平衡in

the

balance

悬而未决a

balanced

diet

均衡饮食佳句

The

growing

imbalance

between

human

activity

and

nature’s

capacity

to

recover

is

the

greatest

challenge

of

our

time.（环境保护）人类活动与自然恢复能力之间日益加剧的不平衡是我们这个时代最大

的挑战。积累

lose

one’s

balance失去平衡restore

the

balance恢复平衡ecological

balance生态平衡

spring

to

mind

突然记起（或想到）练通

用mind的相关短语填空①Please

that

the

deadline

for

the

project

is

this

Friday.②I

can’t

whether

to

travel

to

the

mountains

or

the

seaside

for

the

holiday.bear/keep

in

mind

make

up

my

mind

写美

微写作③The

image

of

my

brother

standing

alone

in

the

rain

⁠

，

filling

me

with

a

fresh

wave

of

guilt

and

regret.我弟弟独自站在雨中的画面突然浮现在脑海，让我涌起一阵新的内疚

和悔恨。sprang

to

mind

用法bear/keep

in

mind

记住make

up

one’s

mind

下定决心change

one’s

mind

改变主意have

sth

in

mind

心中有某个想法/计划read

one’s

mind

看透某人的心思clear

one’s

mind

清理思绪佳句

When

I

was

considering

ways

to

boost

reader

interaction，

the

idea

of

a

mystery-guest

column

immediately

sprang

to

mind.我在考虑如何增加读者互动时，一个神秘嘉宾栏目的想法立刻就涌现

出来。

写作靓词——读后续写小妙招skip

vt.（skipped；

skipped；

skipping）跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi.

蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n.蹦跳佳句背诵①He

turned

and

skipped

away，

singing

happily

to

himself.他转过身来蹦蹦跳跳地走了，嘴里高兴地哼着歌。②Though

her

heart

skipped

a

beat，

she

calmed

down

straight

away，

and

began

first

aid.虽然她的心咯噔一下，但她立即镇定下来，开始急救。靓句写作

The

little

boy

，

his

eyes

shining

with

excitement

as

he

searched

for

colorful

stones.小男孩沿着河岸蹦蹦跳跳地走着，眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒，在寻找着

彩色的石头。skipped

along

the

riverbank

敲黑板

①skip

a

beat

心头一震②skip

rope

with

friends

和朋友们一起跳绳③skip

the

opening

ceremony

缺席开幕式写作佳句——应用文写作与读后续写佳句仿写

句型公式：状语从句的省略点拨当状语从句（如when，

while，

if，

unless，

though，

although引

导的从句）的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以

省略从句的主语和be动词。省略后，连词直接跟现在分词、过去分

词、形容词或介词短语。背诵

When

facing

a

natural

disaster，

it

is

crucial

to

remain

calm

and

follow

official

instructions.当面临自然灾害时，保持冷静并遵循官方指示至关重要。仿写

①如果使用得当，科技可以成为灾害预警的有力工具。

，

technology

can

be

a

powerful

tool

for

disaster

warning.②在等待救援时，幸存者们分享了他们有限的食物和水。

（灾难

救援）

，

the

survivors

shared

their

limited

food

and

water.If

used

properly

While

waiting

for

rescue

句型公式：while表示对比点拨

while可以用来连接两个并列分句，表示两者之间的对比或对照

关系，意为“而；然而”，相当于whereas。背诵

Some

people

panic

in

emergencies，

while

others

manage

to

stay

calm

and

think

clearly.有些人在紧急情况中会恐慌，而另一些人则能保持冷静、思路清晰。仿写

①地震常常毫无征兆地来袭，而飓风则可以提前几天预测。Earthquakes

often

strike

without

warning，

⁠

⁠.②救援队不知疲倦地工作以拯救生命，而一些旁观者却只是站在一旁

用手机拍摄。

（社会现象）The

rescue

team

worked

tirelessly

to

save

lives，

⁠

⁠.while

hurricanes

can

be

predicted

days

in

advance

while

some

onlookers

just

stood

by

filming

with

their

phones

Ⅰ.多义词汇赏句猜义，选出加蓝单词的正确意思1.

affordA.

v.买得起

B.v.提供；给予

C.

v.抽得出（时间）

D.

v.承受得住E.

v.负担得起①The

hilltop

affords

a

magnificent

view

of

the

entire

city.

⁠②I

can’t

afford

to

take

a

long

vacation

this

year

due

to

my

busy

schedule.

⁠B

C

③Many

families

cannot

afford

to

send

their

children

to

college

without

financial

aid.

⁠④As

a

student，

I

cannot

afford

a

new

laptop

right

now.

⁠

⑤The

old

bridge

cannot

afford

the

weight

of

heavy

trucks.

⁠

E

A

D

A.

v.买得起

B.v.提供；给予

C.

v.抽得出（时间）

D.

v.承受得住E.

v.负担得起2.

agree

withA.

同意某人/某观点

B.与……相符，与……一致

C.

（食物、气候等）适合（某人）①I

completely

agree

with

your

proposal

to

improve

our

community’s

recycling

program.

⁠②His

account

of

the

accident

doesn’t

agree

with

what

the

witnesses

said.

⁠③Spicy

food

doesn’t

really

agree

with

my

stomach，

so

I

try

to

avoid

it.

⁠A

B

C

3.

balanceA.

n.平衡；均衡

B.n.余额

C.

v.（使）保持平衡

D.v.权衡；斟酌①The

acrobat

could

balance

on

a

tightrope

with

incredible

skill.

⁠②It’s

important

to

find

a

healthy

balance

between

work

and

personal

life.

⁠③Before

making

a

decision，

you

should

balance

the

pros

and

cons

carefully.

⁠④I

need

to

check

the

balance

in

my

bank

account

before

making

a

large

purchase.

⁠C

A

D

B

Ⅱ.构词法构词法词根cire＝ring环，圆写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义1.

The

electrician

needs

to

repair

the

broken

circuit

in

our

kitchen

lights.