2026年人教版初中英语八年级上册第7单元词汇测试题

2026年人教版初中英语八年级上册第7单元词汇测试题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______manyinteractiveexhibitsthathelpstudentsunderstandtheprinciplesofphysicsandchemistry.A.includesB.containsC.consistsofD.possesses解析：本题考查动词辨析。A选项“includes”意为“包括”，常用于列举具体事物；B选项“contains”意为“包含”，较笼统；C选项“consistsof”意为“由...组成”，强调整体与部分关系；D选项“possesses”意为“拥有”，多用于抽象概念。根据句意“我们城市的科学博物馆包含许多互动展品”，应选A。其他选项均不符合语境，B的“contains”过于笼统，C的“consistsof”强调组成关系而非包含，D的“possesses”用于抽象概念不恰当。2.Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherchildhood,______shelivedinasmallvillagewithhergrandparents.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项“when”引导时间状语从句，但此处需修饰地点；B选项“where”引导定语从句，修饰“village”，意为“她住的那个小村庄”，符合句意；C选项“which”通常指代物，不适用于人；D选项“that”可指代物，但此处需修饰地点。根据句意“我祖母经常给我讲她童年的故事，她住在那个小村庄”，应选B。3.Theenvironmentalprotectionorganization______bylocalstudentslastyearhasraisedoveronemilliondollarsforreforestationprojects.A.establishedB.establishingC.toestablishD.establishedto解析：本题考查非谓语动词。A选项“established”作后置定语，表示被动和完成；B选项“establishing”作后置定语，表示主动和进行；C选项“toestablish”作后置定语，表示目的；D选项“establishedto”结构错误。根据句意“去年由当地学生成立的环保组织已经为植树造林项目筹集了超过一百万美元”，应选A，表示被动和完成。4.Despitetheheavyrain,theteam______tocompletethemarathonraceontime.A.attemptedB.attemptedtoC.attemptsD.attempt解析：本题考查动词时态和固定搭配。A选项“attempted”表示过去完成时，但缺少不定式；B选项“attemptedto”正确表达“试图去做某事”；C选项“attempts”第三人称单数形式错误；D选项“attempt”缺少助动词。根据句意“尽管下着大雨，团队还是设法按时完成了马拉松比赛”，应选B。5.Theancienttemple,______wasbuiltduringtheTangDynasty,isnowaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项“which”指代物，引导非限制性定语从句，符合句意；B选项“that”通常指代物，但此处需修饰物；C选项“whose”指代所有格，不适用于此处；D选项“whom”指代人，不适用于物。根据句意“这座建于唐朝的古老寺庙现在是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产”，应选A。6.Ifyou______moretimetostudy,youwouldhaveperformedbetterontheexam.A.hadB.haveC.hadhadD.havehad解析：本题考查虚拟语气。A选项“had”表示与过去事实相反的假设；B选项“have”表示与现在事实相反；C选项“hadhad”表示与过去更早事实相反；D选项“havehad”不符合虚拟语气结构。根据句意“如果你有更多时间学习，你考试就会考得更好”，应选A，表示与过去事实相反的假设。7.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto______theirhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussion.A.handinB.handoutC.handoverD.handon解析：本题考查动词短语。A选项“handin”意为“上交”；B选项“handout”意为“分发”；C选项“handover”意为“移交”；D选项“handon”意为“传递”。根据句意“老师要求学生在课堂讨论前上交作业”，应选A。8.Thedocumentaryfilm______lastnightatthecinemareceivedpositivereviewsfromcritics.A.showingB.shownC.showsD.toshow解析：本题考查非谓语动词。A选项“showing”作后置定语，表示主动和进行；B选项“shown”作后置定语，表示被动和完成；C选项“shows”第三人称单数形式错误；D选项“toshow”作后置定语，表示目的。根据句意“昨晚在电影院上映的纪录片获得了评论家的好评”，应选B，表示被动和完成。9.Thecompanydecidedto______itsheadquarterstoamorecentrallocationtoimprovecommunicationwithemployees.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves解析：本题考查动词时态和固定搭配。A选项“move”正确表达“决定移动”；B选项“moving”缺少助动词；C选项“moved”过去式形式错误；D选项“moves”第三人称单数形式错误。根据句意“公司决定将总部迁至更中心的位置以改善与员工的沟通”，应选A。10.Thebook______IborrowedfromthelibrarylastweekisveryinformativeaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项“which”指代物，引导非限制性定语从句，符合句意；B选项“that”通常指代物，但此处需修饰物；C选项“whose”指代所有格，不适用于此处；D选项“whom”指代人，不适用于物。根据句意“我上周从图书馆借的书对美国历史非常informative”，应选A。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thescientist______inthelaballdayyesterdaytocompleteherresearchproject.参考答案：wasworking解析：本题考查时态。根据“alldayyesterday”可知，应使用过去进行时，表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。2.IfI______you,Iwouldapologizetoherforbeinglate.参考答案：were解析：本题考查虚拟语气。根据“if”引导的条件状语从句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，应使用一般过去时。3.Themuseum______lastyearhasbecomeoneofthemostvisitedattractionsinthecity.参考答案：opened解析：本题考查非谓语动词。动词“open”与主语“museum”之间是被动关系，且表示完成，应使用过去分词作后置定语。4.Thechildren______tothezoolastweekendhadagreattimeplayingwiththeanimals.参考答案：went解析：本题考查非谓语动词。动词“go”与主语“children”之间是主动关系，且表示完成，应使用过去分词作后置定语。5.Thewoman______Ispoketoattheconferenceisarenownedexpertinenvironmentalscience.参考答案：whom解析：本题考查定语从句。关系代词指代人，且在从句中作宾语，应使用“whom”。6.Despitethedifficultconditions,theteam______toachievetheirgoal.参考答案：managed解析：本题考查动词时态。根据“despite”可知，应使用过去式，表示过去某段时间内完成的动作。7.Thebook______Iamreadingrightnowisabouttheadventuresofayoungexplorer.参考答案：which解析：本题考查定语从句。关系代词指代物，且在从句中作主语，应使用“which”。8.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldhavenoticedthemistakeinthedocument.参考答案：hadread解析：本题考查虚拟语气。根据“if”引导的条件状语从句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，应使用过去完成时。9.Thecompany______itsheadquarterstoanewcitylastmonthhasexpandeditsbusinesssignificantly.参考答案：moved解析：本题考查非谓语动词。动词“move”与主语“company”之间是主动关系，且表示完成，应使用过去分词作后置定语。10.Theman______ImetyesterdayisafamousactorinHollywood.参考答案：whom解析：本题考查定语从句。关系代词指代人，且在从句中作宾语，应使用“whom”。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Themuseum,whichwasbuiltinthe19thcentury,isnowapopulartouristattraction.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“museum”，符合语法规则。2.IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedtheprojectearlier.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查虚拟语气。根据“if”引导的条件状语从句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，应使用过去完成时。3.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinformativeaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查定语从句。“that”指代物，引导限制性定语从句，符合语法规则。4.Despitetheheavyrain,theteamattemptedtocompletethemarathonraceontime.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查动词时态。“attempted”表示过去完成的动作，符合语境。5.Thewomanwhospoketomeattheconferenceisarenownedexpertinenvironmentalscience.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查定语从句。“who”指代人，引导限制性定语从句，符合语法规则。6.Thecompany,whichmoveditsheadquarterstoanewcitylastmonth,hasexpandeditsbusinesssignificantly.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“company”，符合语法规则。7.Ifyouhadstudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查虚拟语气。根据“if”引导的条件状语从句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，应使用过去完成时。8.ThemanwhomImetyesterdayisafamousactorinHollywood.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查定语从句。“whom”指代人，且在从句中作宾语，符合语法规则。9.Themuseum,whichwasopenedlastyear,hasbecomeoneofthemostvisitedattractionsinthecity.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“museum”，符合语法规则。10.ThebookthatIamreadingrightnowisabouttheadventuresofayoungexplorer.参考答案：正确解析：本题考查定语从句。“that”指代物，引导限制性定语从句，符合语法规则。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Describethestructureofanon-restrictiverelativeclauseinEnglish.参考答案：Non-restrictiverelativeclausesprovideadditionalinformationaboutanounwithoutbeingessentialtoitsidentification.Theyaresetoffbycommasandcanberemovedwithoutchangingthemeaningofthesentence.Forexample,"Themuseum,whichwasbuiltinthe19thcentury,isnowapopulartouristattraction."Here,"whichwasbuiltinthe19thcentury"isanon-restrictiverelativeclause,providingextrainformationaboutthemuseum.解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句的结构和用法。非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，提供额外信息，可删除而不影响句意。2.Explainthedifferencebetween"which"and"that"inrelativeclauses.参考答案："Which"isusedtorefertothingsoranimalsinnon-restrictiverelativeclauses,while"that"canrefertoboththingsandanimalsinrestrictiverelativeclauses.Forexample,"Thebook,whichIamreading,isveryinformative."Here,"which"referstothebook.Incontrast,"ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisonthetable."Here,"that"referstothebook.解析：本题考查关系代词的用法区别。“which”用于非限制性定语从句指代物，而“that”用于限制性定语从句可指代物或动物。3.Howdoesthestructure"IfIwereyou"differfrom"IfIweretobeyou"?参考答案："IfIwereyou"isusedtoexpressahypotheticalsituationinthepresent,while"IfIweretobeyou"isgrammaticallyincorrectinstandardEnglish.Thecorrectformtoexpressahypotheticalsituationinthepresentis"IfIwereyou."Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoherforbeinglate."解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。“IfIwereyou”表示与现在事实相反的假设，而“IfIweretobeyou”语法错误。4.Describethefunctionofagerundinasentence.参考答案：Agerundisaverbformthatendsin"-ing"andfunctionsasanouninasentence.Itcanbethesubject,object,orcomplementofaverb.Forexample,"Readingismyfavoritehobby."Here,"reading"isagerundfunctioningasthesubject.解析：本题考查动名词的用法。动名词作名词使用，可作主语、宾语或表语。5.Explaintheuseof"despite"inasentence.参考答案："Despite"isaprepositionusedtoshowcontrastbetweentwothings.Itisfollowedbyanounoragerund.Forexample,"Despitetheheavyrain,theteamcompletedthemarathonraceontime."Here,"despitetheheavyrain"showscontrastbetweentherainandtheteam'sachievement.解析：本题考查介词的用法。“despite”表示转折，后接名词或动名词。6.Howdoesthestructure"hadfinished"differfrom"havefinished"?参考答案："hadfinished"isusedtoexpressacompletedactionbeforeanotherpastactioninapastcontext,while"havefinished"isusedtoexpressacompletedactioninthepresentcontext.Forexample,"IfIhadfinishedtheprojectearlier,Iwouldhavehadmoretime."Here,"hadfinished"referstoapastactionbeforeanotherpastaction.解析：本题考查时态的用法。“hadfinished”表示过去完成时，而“havefinished”表示现在完成时。7.Describetheuseof"which"inanon-restrictiverelativeclause.参考答案："Which"isusedtorefertothingsinnon-restrictiverelativeclauses,providingadditionalinformationaboutanounwithoutbeingessentialtoitsidentification.Forexample,"Themuseum,whichwasbuiltinthe19thcentury,isnowapopulartouristattraction."Here,"which"referstothemuseumandprovidesextrainformation.解析：本题考查关系代词“which”在非限制性定语从句中的用法。8.Explaintheuseof"whom"inarelativeclause.参考答案："Whom"isusedtorefertopeopleinarelativeclause,typicallyastheobjectofaverborpreposition.Forexample,"ThemanwhomImetyesterdayisafamousactorinHollywood."Here,"whom"referstothemanandistheobjectoftheverb"met."解析：本题考查关系代词“whom”的用法，用于指代人并在从句中作宾语。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusinganon-restrictiverelativeclause:"ThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinformativeaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates."参考答案：Thebook,whichIborrowedfromthelibrary,isveryinformativeaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句的改写。在“which”前加逗号，提供额外信息而不影响句意。2.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingagerundasthesubject:"Readinghelpsmerelaxafteralongday."参考答案：Readinghelpsmerelaxafteralongday.解析：本题考查动名词作主语的改写。原句已正确使用动名词“reading”作主语。3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingapastperfecttense:"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam."参考答案：IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.解析：本题考查过去完成时的改写。原句已正确使用过去完成时“hadstudied”。4.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingarelativeclausewith"which":"Themuseumthatwasbuiltinthe19thcenturyisnowapopulartouristattraction."参考答案：Themuseum,whichwasbuiltinthe19thcentury,isnowapopulartouristattraction.解析：本题考查关系代词“which”的改写。在“which”前加逗号，提供额外信息而不影响句意。5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingarelativeclausewith"whom":"Thewomanwhospoketomeattheconferenceisarenownedexpertinenvironmentalscience."参考答案：ThewomanwhomIspoketoattheconferenceisarenownedexpertinenvironmentalscience.解析：本题考查关系代词“whom”的改写。在“whom”前加逗号，提供额外信息而不影响句意。6.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingagerundastheobject:"Theteacheraskedmetohandinmyhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussion."参考答案：Theteacheraskedmetohandinmyhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussion.解析：本题考查动名词作宾语的改写。原句已正确使用动名词“handing”作宾语。7.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingapastperfecttense:"Ifyouhadfinishedtheprojectearlier,youwouldhavehadmoretime."参考答案：Ifyouhadfinishedtheprojectearlier,youwouldhavehadmoretime.解析：本题考查过去完成时的改写。原句已正确使用过去完成时“hadfinished”。8.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusinganon-restrictiverelativeclause:"Thecompanythatmoveditsheadquarterstoanewcitylastmonthhasexpandeditsbusinesssignificantly."参考答案：Thecompany,whichmoveditsheadquarterstoanewcityl