2025-2026年江苏省湘教版高三英语一轮复习语法第四章测试卷

2025-2026年江苏省湘教版高三英语一轮复习语法第四章测试卷一、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthesentence"Theboy,whoisknownforhisintelligence,wonthecompetition,"thephrase"whoisknownforhisintelligence"functionsasa(n)______.A.MainclauseB.AdverbialphraseC.RelativeclauseD.Nounphrase（解析：该题考查定语从句的识别。题干中的"whoisknownforhisintelligence"修饰先行词"theboy"，且由关系代词"who"引导，符合定语从句的构成特征。主句"wonthecompetition"独立存在，排除A；该短语不修饰谓语，排除B；"who"指代名词，构成名词性从句，但此处为修饰性从句，排除D。正确答案为C。）2.Thesentence"Ifithadrainedyesterday,wewouldhavearrivedearlier"isanexampleofa(n)______.A.SimplesentenceB.CompoundsentenceC.ComplexsentenceD.Conditionalsentence（解析：该题考查虚拟语气中的条件句。题干包含"if"引导的从句，且主句使用"wouldhave+过去分词"结构，表示与过去事实相反的假设，属于第二类条件句。排除A（简单句无从句）、B（并列句需两个独立谓语）、C（含从句但非条件句），正确答案为D。）3.Inthesentence"Sheissotallthatshecantouchtheceiling,"theword"so"servesasa(n)______.A.ConjunctionB.AdverbialC.PrepositionD.Interjection（解析："so"在此处修饰形容词"tall"，表示程度，属于程度副词，作状语修饰谓语部分，故为B。排除A（连接词）、C（引出介词宾语）、D（感叹词），正确答案为B。）4.Thephrase"inspiteoftheheavyrain"isa(n)______.A.PrepositionalphraseB.InfinitivephraseC.GerundphraseD.Clausalphrase（解析：该短语由介词"inspiteof"加宾语"theheavyrain"构成，符合介词短语结构，作状语或表语，故为A。排除B（todo结构）、C（doing结构）、D（含从句），正确答案为A。）5.Thesentence"Theteacheraskedthestudentswhethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework"contains______clauses.A.OneindependentandonedependentB.TwoindependentandonedependentC.ThreedependentD.Nodependent（解析：主句"theteacheraskedthestudents"为独立分句，"whethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework"由关系连词"whether"引导，且含谓语"hadfinished"，为从属分句。故含一个独立分句和一个从属分句，正确答案为A。）6.Thepassivevoicein"ThebookwaswrittenbyMarkTwain"isformedbythestructure______.A.Subject+verb+objectB.Subject+be+pastparticipleC.Subject+modal+baseformD.Subject+infinitive（解析：被动语态标准结构为"be动词+过去分词"，题干符合B选项，排除其他含情态动词、不定式等错误结构，正确答案为B。）7.Thesentence"Heisinterestedinplayingthepiano"uses______toexpressinterest.A.PresentparticipleB.PastparticipleC.InfinitiveD.Gerund（解析："playingthepiano"为动名词短语，作介词"in"的宾语，且动名词本身具有名词功能，此处表示"他感兴趣的事"，故为D。排除A（现在分词作定语或状语）、B（过去分词表被动或完成）、C（todo表目的或将来），正确答案为D。）8.Theword"however"in"However,shemanagedtopasstheexam"functionsasa(n)______.A.ConjunctionB.AdverbialC.PrepositionD.Interjection（解析："however"在此处连接两个句子，表示转折关系，属于并列连词，但更具体地归类为转折副词，故为B。排除A（并列连词需连接平行结构）、C（引出介词宾语）、D（感叹词），正确答案为B。）9.Thesentence"Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor"contains______.A.AmainclauseandanadverbialphraseB.AmainclauseandarelativeclauseC.TwoindependentclausesD.Agerundphrase（解析：主句"themanisadoctor"独立，"wholivesnextdoor"由关系代词引导，修饰"theman"，构成定语从句，故为B。排除A（含状语）、C（并列句）、D（含动名词），正确答案为B。）10.Thesentence"Theywenttotheparktorelax"uses______toexpresspurpose.A.InfinitivephraseB.PresentparticipleC.PastparticipleD.Gerundphrase（解析："torelax"为不定式短语，作目的状语修饰谓语"went"，表目的时常用不定式，故为A。排除B（作定语或状语）、C（表被动或完成）、D（作主语或宾语），正确答案为A。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"Thedogbarkingloudlystartledtheneighbors"containsa(n)______phrasemodifying"dog."2.Inthesentence"Shewillneverforgetthedayshevisitedthemuseum,"theclause"shevisitedthemuseum"isa(n)______clause.3.Theword"too"in"Heistootiredtowalk"functionsasa(n)______modifyingtheadjective"tired."4.Thephrase"becauseofthestorm"isa(n)______phraseindicatingreason.5.Thesentence"Thestudentsarediscussingtheproblem"usesthe______voice.6.Thepassivestructure"Theletterwassentyesterday"requiresthepastparticipleoftheverb"send."7.Theword"although"in"Althoughitrained,theywenthiking"isa(n)______conjunction.8.Thephrase"infrontofthehouse"isa(n)______phraseindicatinglocation.9.Thesentence"Eatingtoomuchsugarisharmful"usesa(n)______asthesubject.10.Theword"such"in"Suchbooksareveryexpensive"modifiesthenoun"books"andindicatesdegree.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Arelativeclausecanmodifyanounorapronoun.2.Thesentence"Sheisreadingabook"isinthepassivevoice.3.Agerundcanfunctionasasubject,object,orcomplement.4.Theword"because"isalwaysfollowedbyanounclause.5.Acompoundsentencemustcontaintwoindependentclauses.6.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysusedtoavoidmentioningtheagent.7.Thephrase"onthetable"isanadverbialphraseoftime.8.Theword"too"isanadverbofdegree.9.Asimplesentencecancontainmorethanonedependentclause.10.Thestructure"be+pastparticiple"isexclusivetothepassivevoice.四、简答题（总共4题，每题4分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenasimplesentenceandacompoundsentencewithexamples.2.Describethefunctionofarelativepronouninarelativeclause.3.Howdoesthepassivevoicedifferfromtheactivevoiceintermsoffocusandagency?4.Providethreeexamplesofadverbialphrasesandexplaintheirfunctionsinsentences.五、应用题（总共4题，每题6分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinthepassivevoice:"Thecommitteewillcompletethereportnextweek."2.Identifythetypeofclauseinthesentence:"Thegirlwholivesnextdoorhaswonthreeawards."3.Transformthesentence"Heistooyoungtodrive"intoanactivevoicesentencewiththesamemeaning.4.Analyzethefunctionofeachunderlinedphraseinthesentence:"Thestudent,wearingablueshirt,arrivedlate."【标准答案及解析】一、单选题1.C解析：定语从句由关系代词"who"引导，修饰"theboy"，且在从句中作主语，故为C。2.D解析：含"if"引导的条件状语从句，主句用"wouldhave+过去分词"表与过去相反的假设，属于条件句。3.B解析："so"修饰形容词"tall"，表示程度，作状语，故为B。4.A解析：介词"inspiteof"加宾语构成介词短语，作状语，故为A。5.A解析：主句"theteacheraskedthestudents"独立，"whethertheyhadfinished..."为从属分句，故含一个独立分句和一个从属分句。6.B解析：被动语态标准结构为"be动词+过去分词"，故为B。7.D解析："playingthepiano"为动名词短语作介词宾语，表兴趣的事，故为D。8.B解析："however"连接句子表转折，作副词修饰整个句子，故为B。9.B解析：主句"themanisadoctor"独立，"wholivesnextdoor"为定语从句修饰"theman"，故为B。10.A解析："torelax"为不定式短语作目的状语，表目的时常用不定式，故为A。二、填空题1.Participle2.Relative3.Adverbial4.Prepositional5.Active6.Pastparticiple7.Concessive8.Prepositional9.Gerund10.Adverbial三、判断题1.√解析：定语从句修饰名词或代词，如"thebookIbought"修饰"book"。2.×解析：主动语态，被动应为"wasreadbyher"。3.√解析：动名词可作主语（Eatingisfun）、宾语（Ienjoyeating）、表语（Hishobbyiseating）。4.×解析："because"可接名词性从句（becauseheistired）或副词（becausehere）。5.√解析：并列句由并列连词连接两个独立分句（and/but/or）。6.×解析：被动可省略agent（Thewindowwasbroken），但非绝对避免。7.×解析："onthetable"表地点状语，如"onthedesk"表时间（onMonday）。8.√解析："too"修饰形容词或副词表程度，如"toofast"。9.×解析：简单句含一个主谓结构，从句使句子复杂化，但非简单句特征。10.×解析："be+过去分词"也可用于完成时态（hasbeenseen）。四、简答题1.简单句含一个主谓结构，如"Shereadsbooks"