外研版英语选择性必修第三册　Unit 5　Learning from nature 教师用书

选择性必修第三册Unit5LearningfromnatureⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．lotusn．莲花，荷花2．termiten．白蚁3．moundn．土堆，土丘4．algaen．藻类(植物)5．pinecone松果，松球6．tilen．瓦片7．mimicv．模仿8．waterfrontn．滨水地区9．promenaden．滨海步行道10．plumbingn．管道系统11．biomimicryn．仿生学12．dioxiden．二氧化物13．convertv．使转变；使转换14．frontiern．(学科的)知识前沿15．pondn．池塘16．echo-locationn．回声定位17．radarn．雷达18．swimsuitn．游泳衣19．dragonflyn．蜻蜓20．dronen．无人驾驶飞机21．spidern．蜘蛛22．superficiallyadv.表面(上)地23．cottagen．乡村小屋24．lanen．(乡间的)小路；车道；跑道25．atopprep.在……顶上26．mulberryn．桑葚；桑树Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形1．superbadj.极好的，出色的2．sowv．播(种)3．batn．蝙蝠；球棒v．用球板击球；拍打4．physiciann．医生5．bowv．鞠躬；低下(头)n．弓；鞠躬；蝴蝶结6．ruraladj.农村的，乡村的7．decentadj.可接受的，相当好的；正派的8．easen．舒适，悠闲；容易v．减轻，缓解；使容易；(使)小心翼翼地移动9．attainv．得到，获得Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．wisdomn．智慧→wiseadj.有智慧的，高明的→unwiseadj.不明智的→wiselyadv.明智地2．deliberatelyadv.故意地；不慌不忙地，从容不迫地→deliberateadj.故意的，有意的；不慌不忙的3．withdrawv．退出；撤退；取钱；收回(发言、意见等)→withdrawaln．收回；撤退4．purityn．纯洁；洁净→pureadj.纯洁的，纯净的；完全的，十足的→purifyv．使纯净，净化5．botanicaladj.植物(学)的→botanyn．植物学→botanistn．植物学家6．architectn．建筑师→architecturen．建筑学，建筑设计7．departv．离开，启程→departuren．离开，启程8．employv．使用，运用；雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employern．雇主，老板→employeen．雇工，雇员→employmentn．雇用；工作；职业→unemployedadj.失业的9．fulfilmentn．满足(感)→fulfil(l)v．履行；实现；完成10．evaluatev．评估，评价→evaluationn．评估11．resignv．辞职；使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于→resignationn．辞职；辞职信；顺从；听任12．reluctantadj.不情愿的；勉强的→reluctancen．不情愿，勉强13．domesticadj.家养的；家庭的；国内的→domesticallyadv.在国内；国内地；家庭式地14．depressiveadj.抑郁的→depressv．将(某物)压下；使抑郁→depressedadj.沮丧的→depressionn．抑郁；沮丧；萧条期15．rejectv．拒绝接受→rejectionn．拒绝积累——构词法学一法会一类词根press/ject1．词根press的含义是“挤压”。如depressive＝de(向下)＋press(挤压)＋ive(形容词后缀)→向下挤压的→抑郁的，impress＝im(进)＋press(挤压)→印入头脑→给……留下深刻印象。2．词根ject的含义是“扔，抛”。如reject＝re(相反，反对)＋ject(扔)→反对扔→拒绝。(1)Shewasunabletosuppressherangerwhensheheardthenews.抑制，控制(2)Hesaidwithdetermination，“Neveroppressherfreedomandherbeauty.”压迫，欺压(3)Thetheaterusesadvancedtechnologytoprojectarealisticstarryskyontotheceiling.投射(4)WhenIbringupthequestionoffund，hequicklyinterjectsthatithasbeensettled.插话；插嘴(5)Theywillgetinfectedwithoutknowinghowtoinjectcorrectly.注射Ⅳ.背核心短语1．take...forgranted认为……理所当然2．seeksolutionsto寻求解决办法3．takeinspirationfrom从……中获取灵感4．ateasewith不拘束，放松5．o使……转变为6．respondto响应；对……作出反应；回答7．inreturnfor作为对……的回报8．draw...from...从……中得到……9．beopposedto反对10．withdrawfrom从……撤出/退出11．inotherwords换句话说12．resignoneselfto听任/顺从/只好接受某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Thebuildingwasdesignedtoshowtheconnectionbetweennatureandthemoderncityenvironmentinwhichitsits.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)这座建筑旨在展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。2．ZimbabweanarchitectMickPearcewasinspiredtocreatetheCentrewhilewatchinganaturedocumentaryinwhichtermiteswereconstructingtheirnests.(状语从句的省略)津巴布韦建筑师米克•皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。3．WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto，Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.(while连接并列句，表对比)陶渊明回归自然是对他反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。4．Weshouldlivewiththeminharmonyandenjoynature’sgifts，ashedescribesinhisjournals...(as引导定语从句)我们应该和它们和谐相处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中所描述的那样……体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2025•北京)DeterminedtofollowmyinstinctsonwhatIfeltsuccessmeans，IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwouldenjoy.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。Determinedto...means为形容词短语作原因状语，其中what引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，并在从句中作宾语。主句为Ionlychosetwoclasses；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词twoclasses，并在从句中充当宾语，该从句中Iknew是插入语。[尝试翻译]下定决心遵从自己内心对“成功意义”的本能认知，我只选了两门我知道自己会喜欢的课程。Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共31分)1．sowv．播(种)2．physiciann．医生3．attainv．得到，获得4．ruraladj.农村的，乡村的5．superbadj.极好的，出色的6．batn．蝙蝠；球棒v.用球板击球；拍打7．decentadj.可接受的，相当好的；正派的8．bowv．鞠躬；低下(头)n．弓；鞠躬；蝴蝶结9．easen．舒适，悠闲；容易v.减轻，缓解；使容易；(使)小心翼翼地移动10．fulfilmentn．满足(感)→fulfil(l)v．履行；实现；完成11．botanicaladj.植物(学)的→botanyn．植物学→botanistn．植物学家12．withdrawv．退出；撤退；取钱；收回(发言、意见等)→withdrawaln．收回；撤退13．purityn．纯洁；洁净→pureadj.纯洁的，纯净的；完全的，十足的→purifyv．使纯净，净化14．deliberatelyadv.故意地；不慌不忙地，从容不迫地→deliberateadj.故意的，有意的；不慌不忙的15．depressiveadj.抑郁的→depressv．将(某物)压下；使抑郁→depressedadj.沮丧的→depressionn．抑郁；沮丧；萧条期16．resignv．辞职；使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于→resignationn．辞职；辞职信；顺从；听任17．reluctantadj.不情愿的；勉强的→reluctancen．不情愿18．domesticadj.驯养的；家养的；国内的→domesticallyadv.在国内；国内地；家庭式地Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共14分)1．Youcanbankonthewarm-heartedemployerandheoftenemploysabout100peoplewhoarealreadyunemployed.Alltheemployeesthinkhighlyofhim.(employ)2．Inreality，itiswiseofyoutoconsultMrBlack，whopossessesmuchwisdomandheisboundtowiselyofferyousomepracticalsuggestions.(wise)3．ThebuildingdesignedbyanoutstandingChinesearchitectisfamousforitsuniquearchitecture(architect)．4．Eachcandidate’sabilitieswillbeevaluatedduringtheinterview，andthisdetailedevaluationwillplayakeyroleinthefinalhiringdecision.(evaluate)5．Myproposalmaypotentiallygetrejectedbymybossandinspiteofhispotentialrejection，Iwillstillpresentittohim.(reject)6．ThephysiciandepartedfromNewYorkyesterdayandtheprecisedeparture(depart)timewas8a．m.sharp.Ⅲ.补全语段(句式仿写)(每题3分，共9分)Despitebeingfrightened，Istilldeterminedtoexplorewhatmadethefrighteningsound.1.Asyoucouldimagine(正如你所能想象的那样)，IwasshockedwhenIsawahugesnakethroughthebranchesofatoweringtree.Howterrible！Ittwistedaroundthetree，liftingitsheadandhissingasiflookingforitsfood.Thesoundputmeontheedgeofanervousbreakdown.2.Whilewatchingthescarysnake(当看着这条可怕的蛇时)，Ifrozethere，notknowingwhattodonext.“Clearup，head，”Isaidtomyselfinalowvoice.IsteppedbackwardsinchbyinchsoasnottodisturbtheterriblecreatureuntilImadesureIwassafeenough.Evenifafewdayswentby，Icouldstillthinkofthescene3.inwhichthesnakescaredthehelloutofme(那条蛇把我吓得魂飞魄散)．Weoftentakenature’sgiftsforgranted—freshair，greentrees，orgentlerains，whilewerarelystoptolearnfromitswisdom.Whenstormshit，treesbendtorespondtostrongwindsinsteadoffightingthem，whicheasestheirriskofbreaking.Manyarchitectsnowemploythisideatodesignbuildingsthatcanwithstanddisasters.Natureteachesustoadapt，nottoresist;ifwelistenclosely，itsquietlessonswillguideustolivemorewisely.employv．使用，运用；雇用；利用(时间、精力等)(unemployedadj.失业的employern．雇主，老板employeen．雇工，雇员employmentn．雇用；工作；职业，就业)•employsbtodo...雇用某人做……employ...as...雇用……当……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(employoneselfindoingsth,beemployedindoingsth))从事于……，忙于……•outofemployment失业(1)Toeaseemploymentpressure，thegovernmentencouragesemployerstodevelopemergingindustrysoastoemploymoreemployees.(employ)(2)(祝贺信)得知你被聘为一所农村学校的助教，我写信向你致以诚挚的祝贺。在我看来，你工作再怎么努力都不为过，否则你就会失业。Learningthatyouareemployedasateachingassistantinaruralschool，Iamwritingtosendmysincerecongratulationstoyou.Inmyopinion，youcan’tworkhardenough；otherwiseyouwouldbeunemployed/outofemployment.(3)(2023•新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我每天忙着准备写作比赛，抽不出时间来玩。①Iemployedmyselfin/wasemployedinpreparingforthewritingcompetitiononadailybasisandIcouldn’tspareanytimetoplayaround.②Employingmyselfin/Employedinpreparingforthewritingcompetitiononadailybasis，Icouldn’tspareanytimetoplayaround.(运用分词短语作状语)easen．舒适，悠闲；容易v.减轻，缓解；使容易；(使)小心翼翼地移动•easesbof...减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)•withease容易地；不费力地atease(with)放松；不拘束put/setsbatease使某人放松/自在takeone’sease休息；放松一下(1)(2022•新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫起初既害怕又紧张，但我的鼓励的话语使他放松下来，他抬起头朝起跑线走去。Davidwasfrightenedandnervousatthebeginningbutmyencouragingwordsput/sethimateaseandheheadedforthestartinglinewithhisheadraised.(2)(话题写作之语言学习)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的写作水平。IfyoukeepdiariesinEnglisheveryday，youcanimproveyourwritingskillswithease.(3)在舒适的住处停留时，人会感到放松。一家好的酒店能缓解客人的疲惫与压力。经过一整天的徒步观光后，人们可以在温馨的休息室里放松一下，享受这片刻的悠闲时光。Whenstayinginacomfortableaccommodation，onecanfeelatease.Agoodhotelcaneaseguestsoftheirtirednessandstress.Afteralongdayofsightseeingonfoot，peoplecantaketheireaseinacozylounge，enjoyingthemomentofrelaxation.take...forgranted认为……理所当然take...seriously认真对待……takeone’stime不用急；慢慢来takepridein以……为自豪takechargeof负责，掌管takeadvantageof利用(1)(2022•全国甲，书面表达)我们总是理所当然地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，因此我们过度开发海洋。Wealwaystakeitforgrantedthatoceanscanprovideuswithlimitlessresources，soweoverdevelopouroceans.(2)上个月负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我利用每个向同学征求意见的机会，因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为荣。WhenItookchargeofthespeechactivitylastmonth，Itookitseriously.ItookadvantageofeverychancetoaskmyclassmatesfortheiropinionssothatIorganizedtheactivityperfectly.Allofmyclassmatestookprideinme.respondto响应；对……作出反应；回答(respondvi.反应；回复，回答responsen．回答；反应)inresponseto作为对……的回应make(no)responseto...对……给予/不予回答(1)(续写之情绪描写)他故意不回答我的问题，这气得我鼻孔冒烟。Hedidn’trespondto/didn’tmakeresponseto/madenoresponsetomyquestiononpurpose，whichmademynostrilssmoke.(2)(2024•上海1月，书面表达)应你的要求，我已向同学们了解情况，并整理出两个问题，这两个问题体现了我们对文学共同的好奇与热情。Inresponsetoyourrequest，Ihaveinquiredmyclassmatesandidentifiedtwoquestionsthatrepresentourcollectivecuriosityandenthusiasmforliterature.while用作并列连词WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto，Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.陶渊明回归自然是对他反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。while用法较多，既可用作连词，也可用作名词：•表示“在……期间；当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；•表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句；•表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句；•表示“而；却”，是并列连词，构成并列句；•用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”，如：afterawhile过了一会儿；onceinawhile偶尔，间或。(1)写出下列句子中while的汉语意思①Thebossinsistedthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce，whilesomeofmanagersrejectedtheplan.而，却②Asweallknow，whilethereislife，thereishope.只要③WhileIwaslookingthroughthenewsonline，upcameavideoofalovelybear.当……的时候(2)(2025•浙江1月，应用文写作)虽然有些人可能会把在校园里拍摄短视频视为一种干扰，但我认为它可以成为激发创意、表达自我的积极途径。Whilesomemayseeshootingshortvideosoncampusasadistraction，Ibelieveitcanserveasapositiveoutletforcreativityandself-expression.(3)(2025•浙江1月，应用文写作)通过找到平衡，我们既能利用好这个创意渠道所带来的益处，同时又能维持专注、有礼的校园氛围。Byfindingabalance，wecanmakeuseofthebenefitsofthiscreativeoutletwhilemaintainingafocusedandrespectfulcampusatmosphere.用法点拨(1)while表示“虽然；尽管”时，不和连词but连用。(2)while还引导省略结构，后直接跟现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词或介词短语等。1．Thegirlwearingabow①inherhairbowed②tometoshowherrespectandthenshebowed③herhead，thinkingaboutwhattosaynext.①n.蝴蝶结②v.鞠躬③v.低下(头)2．Hedidn’twanttoresign①himselftodoingajobthathedidn’tenjoy，soheresigned②fromhisjob.①v.使自己顺从于(做)某事②v.辞职3．Toease①thepain，heeased②hisinjuredfootintohisshoe.Afterhewastoldthathisfootwouldfullyrecoverinthreedays，hismindwasatease③.Atthethoughtofwalkingwithease④soon，hecouldn’tcontainhisexcitement.①v.减轻，缓解②v.小心翼翼地移动③n.舒适，悠闲④n.容易4．Whenplanningourdomestic①travelnextmonth，weneedtoarrangesomeonetotakecareofbothourdomestic②tasks，likewateringplantsandcollectingmail，andourdomestic③cat，whichgetsanxiousifleftalonefortoolong.①adj.国内的②adj.家庭的③adj.家养的提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇1．There’snodoubtthatyoursuggestionwouldberejected(reject)becauseitwasquiteimpractical.2．Biomimicry，asasubjectofscience，greatlyreflectsthewisdom(wise)ofhumanity.3．Oneofmyclientsisalwayshelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.4．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.5．Itisdemandedthatyoushouldn’twithdrawmoneyfromyourbankaccountifyoudon’thaveapassword.6．Ireckonthatheisreluctanttoput(put)histhoughtsintowords，sodon’tforcehim.7．Whilecycling(cycle)onthestreet，IsawanoldmanlyingonthegroundandIcametohisaidwithouthesitation.8．Thesunsetremindedusofourfriend’supcomingdeparture(depart)，foroverseasstudywasalreadyonthehorizon，makingourlaughspreciousyetbittersweet.Weareusedtonature’sbeautythatwealwaystakeforgranted.Actually，many1.architects(architect)takeinspirationfromnaturetomakedesignsforarchitecture.Andweregardthisactivityasbiomimicry2.which/thatemploystheconnectionbetweennatureandhumanbeings’artandsciencetocreatestructures3.mimicking(mimic)naturalformsandprocesses.TheAlgaeHouseis4.asuperbexampleoflearningfromnature.Withthesurfaceofthebuilding5.covered(cover)inpanelscontainingalgae，thealgaearefedwithliquidnutrientsandcarbondioxidetoencouragethem6.togrow(grow)．Inaddition7.tothis，insomeruralareas，nature’sbeautycanalsobebreathtaking.Walkingonthelanesatease8.enables(enable)peopletoattainasenseoffulfilment.Atthesametime，people’ssoulscan9.bepurified(purity)．Fortunately，nowadaysthegovernmenttriestoseeksolutionstothepreservationoftheprecious10.original(origin)ecology.假如你是李华，请你以“ManandNature”为题目写一篇短文参加英文报Youth的有奖征文比赛，内容如下：1.人类从诞生之日起，为了满足自身需要，不断从自然界获取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。2.人们向蝙蝠学习制造雷达，向池塘中的蜻蜓学习改善飞机的飞行性能。3.大自然是人类出色的老师，然而有些人反对向自然界学习，认为这些发明创造是理所当然的。4.人类应和大自然和谐相处，作为回报，它会带给我们巨大的利益。5.虽然人类主宰了这个世界，但我们不能违背自然规律，否则我们会受到大自然的惩罚。完成句子1．从出生的那一天起，人类就忙着从大自然中汲取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。(beemployedin)Fromthedayofbirth，humanbeingsareemployedintakinginspirationfromnatureandseekingsolutionstoproblems.2．人们利用蝙蝠的特性来制造雷达，利用池塘里蜻蜓的特性来提高飞机的飞行性能。(takeadvantageof)Peopletookadvantageofthecharacteristicsofbatstomakeradarsandofdragonfliesinpondstoimprovetheflightperformanceofairplanes.3．大自然是人类出色的老师，然而有些人反对向大自然学习，把这些发明和创造视为理所当然。(while；take...forgranted)Natureisasuperbteacherforhumanbeings，whilesomepeopleareopposedtolearningfromnatureandtaketheseinventionsandcreationsforgranted.4．人类应该与自然和谐相处，作为回报，它将给我们带来巨大的利益。(inreturn)Humanbeingsshouldliveinharmonywithnatureandinreturnitwillbringusgreatbenefits.5．虽然人类主宰了这个世界，但我们不应该违背自然规律，否则我们只好接受自然的控制。(while；resign)Whilehumanbeingsdominatetheworld，weshouldnotviolatethelawsofnature；otherwisewewouldresignourselvestonature’scontrol.组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文ManandNatureFromthedayofbirth，humanbeingsareemployedintakinginspirationfromnatureandseekingsolutionstoproblems.Forexample，peopletookadvantageofthecharacteristicsofbatstomakeradarsandofdragonfliesinpondstoimprovetheflightperformanceofairplanes.Natureisasuperbteacherforhumanbeings，whilesomepeopleareopposedtolearningfromnatureandtaketheseinventionsandcreationsforgranted.Inmyopinion，humanbeingsshouldliveinharmonywithnatureandinreturnitwillbringusgreatbenefits.Whilehumanbeingsdominatetheworld，weshouldnotviolatethelawsofnature；otherwisewewouldresignourselvestonature’scontrol.语料积累动作细节描写：说话单词ask问answer/reply/respond回答announce/declare宣布add补充说whisper小声说murmur/mutter喃喃地说sigh叹息道cry喊shout大叫scream尖叫roar大声说，吼叫blurt脱口而出exclaim大声说，惊叫gasp喘着气说snap厉声说mumble咕哝句型“Youstolesomething.Youwillbesearched，”heannounced.“你偷了东西。你将被搜身，”他郑重地说。Iwhispered，withmyvoicetrembling，“Itisn’tme.”我低声说，声音颤抖着，“不是我。”Hesighed，“Tellyourparentsaboutyourwrongdoing，”addingthatIcouldleave.(现在分词短语作状语)他叹了口气说：“告诉你的父母你做错了什么。”还说我可以走了。Heapproachedmeandsnappedasifhewouldeatmeupinonegulp.他走近我，厉声说话，好像要把我一口吞下去。语料运用艺术灵感Havingplayedtheqinforthreeyears，Boyacouldn’tmasterthemysteryofmusic，①sighing(现在分词作状语)，“PerhapsIwillwithdraw.”Sensinghisdepression，Boya’steacherChengLianblurted，“Let’svisitmyteacheronPenglaiMountainintheEastChinaSea，”②addingthathewouldbenefitalot(现在分词短语作状语)．Boyarespondedwillinglytohisteacher’sofferanddepartedforthedestination.Onreachingthemountain，③gaspingwithtiredness(现在分词短语作状语)，ChengLianannouncedthatBoyacouldpractiseplayingtheqinbyhimself.Attractedbythebreathtakingscenery，Boya④exclaimed/shouted/criedinexcitement，“Howsplendidthesceneryis！”Withinspirationwellingupfromhisheart，hesatontheground，creatingthefamouscomposition—HighMountainsandRunningWater.Boyaheldhisteacher’shandstightlyandexclaimedexcitedly，“Wecantakeinspirationfromnature.”伯牙弹了三年琴，还是不能掌握音乐的奥秘，叹道：“也许我该撤退了。”伯牙的老师成连察觉到他的沮丧，脱口而出：“我们去东海蓬莱山拜访我的老师吧。”并补充说他会受益匪浅。伯牙欣然接受了老师的建议，出发前往目的地。到了山上，成连累得喘不过气来，他宣布伯牙可以自己练习弹琴了。伯牙被这壮丽的景色所吸引，激动地叫道：“这景色多美啊！”灵感涌上心头，他坐在地上，创作了那首著名的曲子《高山流水》。伯牙紧紧握住老师的手，兴奋地喊道：“我们可以从大自然中获得灵感。”单元主题组合练(分值：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2025·山东临沂三模)Wehumanstendtoflocktonaturalspacesinsearchofpeaceandquiet.Butwhatweoftenbringwithusisnoise:Thenoisesoffootsteps，bicyclewheels，andconversation.Nowanewstudysuggeststhisnoisecanhavealastingimpactonwildlife.Humanrecreationhasalreadybeenlinkedwithtroubleforwildlifeintheformofincreasesinstresshormones，changesinhabitat，andfewer①offspring.Buttheauthorsofthenewstudywantedtounderstandmorepreciselyhownoisefitsintothispicture.Toexplorethisquestion，theteamwiredupasystemofwildlifecamerasandspeakersontrailsthroughoutWyoming’sBridger-TetonNationalForest.Whenanimalswanderedintothestudyareas，thescientiststriggeredspeakerstobroadcastdifferenttypesofnoise，whilethecameras②filmedtheanimals’responsestothesounds.Therecordednoisesincludedsoundsassociatedwithhiking，trailrunning，mountainbiking，off-roadvehicles，andhumanvoices，aswell.Whentheanimalsheardhumanrecreationnoise，theyweretwotothreetimesmorelikelytoboltthanwhentheyheardnaturalsounds.“Thefindingsmakealotofsense，”saysZeller，wholedthestudy.“Humansmakealotofnoise;itcanbesoft，itcanbeloud，butitalladdsuptonoise.Thelouderandlongeritis，themorefrightenedwildlifeareofit.Separatinghumansfromwildlifeisn’tthebestsolution.”Anexperimentshowedthatsignscouldhaveanimpact—visitornoiselevelsdroppedsignificantlyafterresearchersplacedsignsthatread“QuietZone”or“QuietDay”andthenumberofbirdsinthedesignatedarealaterincreased.“Accordingtovisitorsurveys，whentheyembracedthesilence，peoplefoundthemselveslisteningtomorebirdsandenjoyingnaturemore，”saysZeller.“Italsoallowedparkmanagerstoincreasethenumberofpeoplewhocoulduseagiventrail(路径)．Whenhumansaremadeawareoftheirimpacts，theycanchangetheirbehavior，andthatcanimpactwildlife.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过特定方式探索人类娱乐噪声对野生动物的影响，还提及保护野生动物免受人类噪声影响的方法。1．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Wildanimals’behaviors.B．Thefindingofthestudy.C．Wherethestudywasdone.D．Howthestudywasconducted.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第三段“Toexplorethisquestion，theteamwiredupasystemofwildlifecamerasandspeakersontrails...Whenanimalswanderedintothestudyareas，thescientiststriggeredspeakerstobroadcastdifferenttypesofnoise，whilethecamerasfilmedtheanimals’responsestothesounds.”可知，该段主要讲述了研究是如何进行的。故选D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolt”inparagraph4mean?A．Gettogether. B．Feelsafe.C．Runaway. D．Staybehind.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线所在句“Whentheanimalsheardhumanrecreationnoise，theyweretwotothreetimesmorelikelytoboltthanwhentheyheardnaturalsounds.”和第四段中的“Thelouderandlongeritis，themorefrightenedwildlifeareofit.”以及常识可知，动物听到人类娱乐噪声通常会害怕并逃跑。所以bolt意思是“逃跑”，与“runaway”同义。故选C。3．HowcanweprotectwildlifemosteffectivelyfromhumannoiseaccordingtoZeller?A．Usegiventrailsinthewild.B．Separatehumansfromwildlife.C．Cutdownonhumanrecreation.D．Realizeourimpactsonwildlife.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中Zeller的话“‘Whenhumansaremadeawareoftheirimpacts，theycanchangetheirbehavior，andthatcanimpactwildlife.’”可知，Zeller认为最有效保护野生动物免受人类噪声影响的方法是意识到我们对野生动物的影响。故选D。4．Inwhichmagazinecanwereadthistext?A．NatureReports.B．PopularSports.C．ModernTechnology.D．HarmoniousSociety.答案A解析文章出处题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Nowanewstudysuggeststhisnoisecanhavealastingimpactonwildlife.”以及后文围绕人类噪声对野生动物影响的一系列研究内容可知，我们可以在《自然报告》杂志上读到这篇文章。故选A。语境猜词①offspring(合)＝off＋springn．后代，子孙②film(转)n．→v.拍摄，录制B(2025·河北二模)Onapeacefulsummermorning，afieldofpopulartreessway(摇摆)inthewind，andinsectsbuzzaround.Atfirstsight，thesceneseemscalm，butthetreesareactuallyunderattack.Insectsarefeedingontheirleaves，andthetreesaredefendingthemselves.Thoughplantscan’trunorhide，theyhavedevelopedwaystofightback.Whenaninsectbeginstobitealeaf，thetree①mountsdefenses.Italsoquicklymessagesitsneighbors:“We’reunderattack!Getyourdefensesready！”Itevenproduceschemicalstorepel(驱赶)theattackersandmayattractotherinsectstohelp.Theseresponseshappenwithoutusnoticing，butscientistsarediscoveringthatplantscandothingsweoncethoughtonlyanimalscoulddo.Theycommunicatewitheachother，andformmemories—allwithoutabrain.Researchhasshownthatplantscancommunicateincomplexways.Inthe1980s，scientistsdiscoveredthatinjuredtreescouldwarnnearbytreesofdanger.Whenonetreewasdamaged，itmadechemicalsthatsentasignalthroughtheairtotheothers.Thisledtotheideaof“talking”plants，openingupthefieldofplantcommunication.Plantscanalsolearnandformmemories.Inoneexperiment，aplantcalledMimosapudicastoppedreactingtoharmlessdropsafterrepeatedexposure.Thissuggeststhatplantscanrememberandadapttotheirenvironment，evenwithoutanervoussystem.Thesediscoveriesshowplantsareabletodofarmorethanmeetsoureyes.Butdoesthismeanthatplantsareintelligent?Somescientiststhinkso.Othersarenotsosure.Theproblemmaytrace(追溯)tohowwedefinewordslike“thinking”and“intelligence”．ElizabethVanVolkenburgh，aplantbiologistattheUniversityofWashington，likesthetermneurobiology(神经生物学)．Technically，aplantlacksnerves.Still，ithasa②sensorysystem.Butsomescientiststhinktheideaisahardsell.Afterall，plantsdon’thavenervoussystems.Evennow，thisidearaisesquestions.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了植物在受到昆虫攻击时的自我防御方式，以及植物能够相互交流、学习和形成记忆等现象，由此引出关于植物是否有智慧的讨论。5．Howdoesatreedefenditselfagainstaninsectattack?A．Byreleasingchemicals.B．Byturningtothesunshine.C．Byformingmemories.D．Byusingwarmaircurrents.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itevenproduceschemicalstorepel(驱赶)theattackersandmayattractotherinsectstohelp.”可知，当树木受到昆虫攻击时，它通过释放化学物质来抵御昆虫的攻击。故选A。6．WhyistheplantMimosapudicamentionedinparagraph4?A．Toerasesomedoubts.B．Tosupportanopinion.C．Topraiseresearchers.D．Tomakeacomparison.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Plantscanalsolearnandformmemories.”可知，该段的主旨是植物也可以学习和形成记忆。接着提到了含羞草的例子，通过含羞草在反复接触无害水滴后停止反应这一实验结果证明植物可以记住并适应环境。所以提到含羞草是为了支持“植物可以学习和形成记忆”这一观点。故选B。7．Whatcanweinferaboutthesediscoveries?A．Theylackconclusiveproof.B．Theyfuelabigdebateinbiology.C．Theysharelittlecommonground.D．Theyinspireideasabouthumanhealth.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butdoesthismeanthatplantsareintelligent?Somescientiststhinkso.Othersarenotsosure...Technically，aplantlacksnerves.Still，ithasasensorysystem.Butsomescientiststhinktheideaisahardsell.Afterall，plantsdon’thavenervoussystems.Evennow，thisidearaisesquestions.”可推知，这些发现引发了生物学领域的一场大辩论。故选B。8．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．IsWildlifeSensitive?B．HowDoNervousSystemsWork?C．ArePlantsIntelligent?D．HowDoTreesSurviveHotWeather?答案C解析标题归纳题。纵览全文，文章开篇描述了树木在受到昆虫攻击时的自我防御以及与“邻居”的交流，接着介绍了植物能够相互交流、学习和形成记忆等现象，然后在最后一段引出关于植物是否有智慧的讨论。所以文章主要围绕植物是否有智慧展开。C项“植物有智慧吗？”符合文章主旨，可作为文章标题。故选C。语境猜词①mount(熟义：v.登上)生义(文义)：v.准备，组织开展②sensory(派)＝sens(e)＋oryadj.感觉的，感官的Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)SmartGreenCities:UrbanSolutionsModerncitiesfacegrowingchallengesfrompollutionandenergywaste，withurbanpopulationsexpectedtoreach5billionby2030.1Throughinnovativetechnologiesandeco-friendlydesigns，urbanareasaretransformingintosustainablelivingspacesthatbalancehumanneedswithenvironmentalprotection.2Solarpanelsnowcoverrooftopsofofficebuildings，whilewindturbines(涡轮机)spinsilentlyalongcoastlines.InAmsterdam，floatingsolarfarmsoncanalsgeneratepowerwithoutoccupyingland.Theserenewablesourcesprovideover40%ofenergyinadvancedcitieslikeCopenhagen.Moreimportantly，smartgrids(电网)automaticallyadjustpowerdistributionthroughAIalgorithms，reducingpowerblackoutrisksby65%accordingtoEUUrbanReports.Transportationsystemsareundergoingrevolutionarychanges.3InSingapore，①sensor-equippedbusescommunicatewithtrafficlightstominimizewaitingtime，cuttingcommute(通勤)durationsby18%.Meanwhile，sharedelectricmotorcyclesreduceprivatecarusageby28%inTokyo’sbusinessdistricts.Oslohastakenthisfurtherbybanningfossil-fuelvehiclesentirelywithincitycenterssince2023.Greenarchitectureplaysavitalroleinurbancooling.VerticalgardenscoveringskyscrapersnotonlyabsorbCO2butalsolowerindoortemperaturesby5－8℃.4Rainwaterrecyclingsystemsinstalled(安装)in73%ofnewBerlinapartmentsdemonstratethistrend，saving120litersperhouseholddaily.Additionally，bio-concretewallsthatabsorbpollutionarebeingtestedinMexicoCity’ssubwaystations.Citizenparticipationremainskeytosuccess.Somemobileappslike“EcoWatcher”allowresidentstoreportenvironmentalissuesinstantly，with92%ofcomplaintsresolvedwithin48hoursinSeoul’spilotprogram.5Through②collectiveeffortssupportedbytechnology，smartgreencitiesarebecomingachievablerealitiesworldwide.A．Urbanplannersprioritizeeco-friendlyzonesnowadays.B．Suchdesignsalsocutairconditioningcostssignificantly.C．Energyefficiencystartswithrenewablepowergeneration.D．However，smartsolutionsarereshapingurbanenvironments.E．Self-drivingelectricbusesreplacetraditionalfuel-basedvehicles.F．Real-timedatahelpsauthoritiesmonitorenergyconsumptionpatterns.G．Advancedwastesortingrobotshavebeenintroducedinsubwaystations.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能绿色城市的概念，通过技术创新和环保设计，城市正转变为可持续发展的居住空间，涵盖能源、交通、建筑及公民参与等方面。1．答案D解析上文“Moderncitiesfacegrowingchallengesfrompollutionandenergywaste，withurbanpopulationsexpectedtoreach5billionby2030.”说明现代城市面临诸多问题；下文则提到通过技术创新和环保设计解决问题，由此可推知，空处和上文为转折关系，说明有解决办法，从而引出下文的解决措施。所以D项符合语境，且D项中的smartsolutions与下文提到的“innovativetechnologiesandeco-friendlydesigns”相呼应。故选D。2．答案C解析下文“Solarpanelsnowcoverrooftopsofofficebuildings，whilewindturbines(涡轮机)spinsilentlyalongcoastlines...Theserenewablesourcesprovideover40%ofenergyinadvancedcities...smartgrids(电网)．..”说明可再生能源发电在城市中的应用。空处为该段的主题句，C项能引出下文，且C项中的renewablepowergeneration与下文提到的solarpanels和windturbines相呼应。故选C。3．答案E解析上文“Transportationsystemsareundergoingrevolutionarychanges.”说明交通系统在变革。下文列举了一些实例说明交通系统的变革。空处承上启下，同样涉及交通运输方面的变化。E项符合语境，其中的Self-drivingelectricbuses与下文提到的sensor-equippedbuses相呼应。故选E。4．答案B解析上文“Greenarchitectureplaysavitalroleinurbancooling.VerticalgardenscoveringskyscrapersnotonlyabsorbCO2butalsolowerindoortemperatur