2026年湖南长沙长郡中学高一开学测试英语试题（含解析）

试卷第=page11页（共=sectionpages33页）试卷第=page11页（共=sectionpages33页）2026级高一综合能力检测试卷英语时量：90分钟满分：100分第一部分单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据提示，填写出括号内单词的正确形式。BythetimetheastronautreturnedtoEarth,scientists_________(collect)plentyofspaceinformation.2．Everychanceoughttobemadefulluseof________(spread)excellenttraditionalChineseculturetotheworld.3．Notonlythecoachbutalsotheplayers_________(encourage)tokeepcalmwhentheyfacestrongteamsintheWorldCup.4．AIiswidelyusedtoproduceworksofart,butweshouldavoid_________(lose)ourowncreativity.5．Aslongaswedooursubjectswell,wewilleasilybemotivatedtoworkharderandthenbe_________(knowledge)gradually.6．Itisimportanttoputoneselfin_________(other)shoesbecauseithelpspeopleunderstandeachotheranddevelopgoodrelationships.7．Thepiechartshowsthatthepercentage(百分率)oftheteenagerswho________(spend)theirpocketmoneyonbooksis53%.8．AstreasuresofChineseculture,Chinesefestivalsareworth_________(pass)downfromgenerationtogeneration.9．Fromthisexperience,IunderstoodthatifIstrengthenedmyfaith,Icouldpushdownthehighwallthat_________(difficult)buildforme.10．Changshaisaverylivablecity,becausenearlythree_________(five)ofthecityiscoveredwithtreesandgrass.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAsparents,thewell-beingofyourchildrenisveryimportant.Itisimportanttokeepthemhappyandhealthy.Itisalsoimportanttomakesuretheyareactive.Itisespeciallyimportantforchildrenundertheageoffive.Asparents,itcanbehardtofindtimeforallthis.AttheShiningLightDayCenter,weunderstandthis.Wehavecreatedalotofactivitiestohelpyourchildren.Ouractivitiescovermanydifferentareas.Wewanttohelpchildrenlearntoworkwithothers.Wewanttohelpchildrenlearntoreadandspeak.Wealsowanttohelpchildrentobehealthy.Ouractivitiesincludeclassesandgames.Thesekeepthechildreninterested.Atthesametime,theyarelearningandgrowing.Ourprogramsareforchildrenbetweentheagesof3and5.ChildrenwilllearnbasicmathandEnglishskills.Ourprogramhelpschildrenstartgradeschool.Ourclassesareheldattwodifferenttimes.Onweekdays,classesareheldfromnoonto3p.m.Onweekends,classesareheldfrom9to11a.m.Thisgivesyoualotofchoiceasaparent.AllparentsshouldconsidertheShiningLightDayCenter;itwillgiveyourchildrenagoodbeginninginlife.Visitourwebsitetodaytolearnmore.LearningActivityDetails(详情)StorytellingChildrenlistentostoriesbeingtold.Thentheyhelpwritetheendingofthestory.TellingTimeChildrenlearncountingskillsbyusingclocks.Theycounthoursandminutes.HideandSeekChildrenmustfindtoyshiddeninouroutdoorplayareas.Puppet(木偶)ShowChildrenusehandpuppetstoactoutstories.Theyworkinpairs.11．WhendoestheShiningLightDayCenterhaveclasses?A．9to11a.m.onSaturdays. B．9to11a.m.onMondays.C．3to5p.m.onSundays. D．3to5p.m.onFridays.12．Whichactivityfromthetablewouldbemostlikelytohelpdevelopmathskills?A．Storytelling. B．Tellingtime. C．PuppetShow. D．HideandSeek.13．Thetextismostlikely_____.A．anewsarticle B．ateachingplan C．abusinessreport D．anadvertisementBOneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptthearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!Hedidn’thavefood,wateroraphone.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.HethoughtaboutallthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewouldbeabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedput.Thefirstthinghedidwastoseekshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn’t,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn’tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholashuddled(蜷缩)inhiscaveandslept.Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn’tfindanyone.Hehadtofollowhistracksandreturntothesnowcave.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintoseekhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Havingbeenstuckinthesnowfortwodays,Nicholaswassaved.HaditnotbeenforTV,Nicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstorm.HehadoftenwatchedBearGrylls’survivalshowManvs.Wild.That’swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.WhenBearheardaboutNicholas’amazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.14．WhatcausedNicholastogetlostonthemountain?A．Havingnoguidestohelphim. B．Forgettingthewayback.C．Theterribleweather. D．Hispooreyesight.15．HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?A．Hebuiltasnowcave. B．Hefoundashelter.C．Hekeptonskiing. D．Hemadeafire.16．WhywasBearGrylls’showmentioned?A．ItwasNicholas’favoriteTVprogram.B．IttaughtNicholasusefulknowledge.C．Nicholassharedhisstoryontheshow.D．BearGryllsaskedNicholastomakeaTVinterview.17．WhichofthefollowingmaybestdescribeNicholas?A．Braveandcool-headed. B．Responsibleandcurious.C．Patientandsmart. D．Confidentandoutgoing.CTherearevariouswaysinwhichtoreadbodylanguagesothatyoucanunderstandhowsomeoneisfeeling.Readingemotionalcluesisoneofthem.Cryingisconsideredtobecausedbyanexplosionofemotioninmostcultures.Oftentimescryingisconsideredasignofsadness,butcryingcanalsobeanexpressionofhappiness.Cryingcanalsocomeaboutthroughlaughterandhumor.Thus,whenjudgingcrying,you’llneedtolookforothersignstodeterminethemeaningofthecrying.Cryingcanalsobeforcedinordertogainsympathyortocheatothers.Thispracticeisknownas“crocodiletears”,anexpressionthatdrawsonthewrongideathatcrocodiles“cry”whencatchingprey(猎物).SignsofthreatincludeV-shapedeyebrows,wideeyes,andanopenordown-turnedmouth.Inasimilarway,armstightlycrossedovertheotherisacommonsignthatthepersonisangryandisclosinghimselfofftoyou.Whenpeopleshowanxiety,theydisplayincreasedfacialmovements,andtheirmouthsarepressedintoathinline.Individualswhoareanxiousmayalsoplaywiththeirhands,unabletokeeptheminonespot.Besides,anxiouspeoplemayunconsciouslytaptheirfeetorhaverestlesslegs.Embarrassmentcanbeexpressedbyturningtheeyesorshiftingthemaway.Ifsomeonelooksdownattheflooralot,theyareprobablyshy,afraid,orembarrassed.Peoplealsotendtolookdownwhentheyareupsetortryingtohidesomethingemotional.Peopleareoftenthinkingandfeelingunpleasantemotionswhentheyareintheprocessofstaringattheground.Therearealsosomesignsofpride.Peopleshowpridebydisplayingasmallsmile,holdingtheirheadbackward,andputtingtheirhandsontheirhips.18．Inwhatsituationmayonehave“crocodiletears”?A．Whenheissad. B．Whenhecheatsothers.C．Whenhesupportsothers. D．Whenheisangry.19．Whatmightamandowhenangry?A．Shapehiseyebrowsintoa“w”. B．Sighheavily.C．Crosshisarmstightly. D．Openhiseyeswide.20．Whatdoweknowabouttheemotionalcluesinthepassage?A．Mostofthemshownegativefeelings.B．Theyusuallyexpresspositiveemotions.C．Theycanbecontrolledwellbyhumans.D．Theyaregoodforpeople’shealth.21．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howtousebodylanguages? B．Whatarebodylanguages?C．Whatexpressiveemotionsdowehave? D．Howtoreademotionalclues?DAround40milliontonsofelectronicwaste,knownase-waste,isproducedeveryyear.Thisincludeselectricalorelectronicequipmentthathasbeendiscarded.Butwheredoesitallgo?IntheUSalone,100millionmobilephones,41millioncomputersandover20milliontelevisionsarethrownintolandfills(垃圾填埋场)inayear.Evenforstandardwastethisisabigheadache,becauseanymaterialsthatareburiedinthegroundcan’tbeeasilyrecoveredandrecycled.RecyclingelectronicscansaveenergyandmeansthatlessofEarth’snaturalresourcesneedtobemined.Failingtorecyclee-wasteisextremelydamagingtheenvironmentduetothenatureofthematerialsusedinmoderndevices.Whileheavymetalsandchemicalsimproveadevice’ssafetyanduserexperience,theybecomepoisonousifthey’renotdealtwithproperly.Youroldphones,Gameboys,kettles,microwavesandmorecanendupinlandfills,leakingtheirharmfulcontentsintothesoil,waterandair.Notonlydoesthiskillwildlifeanddestroyecosystems,buttheaccumulation(累积)ofpoisoncanimpacthumanhealthtoo.Asheavymetalsandchemicalsflowintolakesandrivers,drinkingwaterbecomespolluted.Thesepoisonsspreadthroughthesoil,impactingthehealthofcropsandanimalsthatpeoplealsorelyon.Insomewesterncountries,e-wasteisn’thiddenoutofsightinlandfillsbutisburntingiant,openjunkyards.Theyevenshipwasteelectronicstoothercountriestodealwith,andthisoftenendsupindumpsacrossAfricaandAsia.Workersintheseplacesareexposedtopollutedlandsandchemicalgas.Itisurgentthatweshouldreducethedamagingandunsustainablesideofe-wasteproduction.Rareearthmetals,someplasticsandchemicalscanbefedintothenextgenerationofelectronics.Thestepstoproperrecyclingofe-wasteareextensiveandneedlargeinvestment,butmoreandmorecountriesaroundtheworldareturningtoe-wasterecycling.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inParagraph1mean?A．Repaired. B．Protected. C．Used. D．Abandoned.23．WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A．E-wastehasapermanenteffectontheenvironment.B．E-wastemaydoharmtobothecosystemsandhumans.C．Heavymetalsandchemicalsarepoisonoustotheusers.D．Buryinge-wasteintolandfillsisaneffectivewaytorecycle.24．Howdoestheauthordescribethehandlingofe-wasteinWesterncountries?A．Byprovidingdata. B．Byaskingquestions.C．Bylistingexamples. D．Byofferingadefinition.25．Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetotalkabout?A．Solutionstodestroyinge-waste. B．Waystorecyclee-wasteproperly.C．Applicationsofrecycledmaterials. D．Investmentsinrestoringecosystems.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Startinghighschoolcanbebothexcitingandchallenging.Youwillmeetnewfriends,learnnewsubjects,andjoinnewclubs.___26___Hereissomeadvicetohelpyougetstarted.First,bepositiveandconfident.Believeinyourselfandyourabilitytolearnandgrow.___27___Don’tbeafraidtointroduceyourselfandstartaconversation.Second,getorganized.___28___Useanotebookoranapptokeeptrackofyourhomework,tests,andactivities.Thiswillhelpyoumanageyourtimeeffectively.Third,don’tbeshytoaskquestions.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomethinginclass,raiseyourhand.___29___Yourteachersarehappytohelpyou.Finally,remembertobalanceyourworkandlife.Studyhard,butalsomaketimeforyourhobbiesandrelaxation.___30___Gettingenoughsleep,eatinghealthyfood,andexercisingregularlyarealsoveryimportant.Highschoolisajourney.Enjoyit,learnfromit,andmakethemostofitA．Itisagreatwaytoshowyouareinterested.B．Keepingahealthylifestyleiscrucial.C．It’snormaltofeelalittlenervous.D．Thisisthekeytoimprovingyourgrades.E．Asmilecanbethebestbeginningofafriendship.F．Youarenotalone,andeveryoneisnewhere.G．Makeaplanforyourstudyandweeklytasks.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。OnMay20,athrillingcross-countryracehappenedatGreenValley.JakeWilsonshouldhave____31____throughthelastpartmuchfaster,goinguptheroughpath’slaststeephill.Everythingwasgoingwelluntilhe____32____arunnerlyingonthemuddyroad,withabloodykneefromfalling.WilsonwashalfwaythroughhispartwhenhesawEthanCarterfalling____33____,grabbinghisankle.Without____34____,WilsonslidtoastopandrushedbacktoCarter’sside.HetriedtohelpCarter____35____tohisfeet,butCarterwasunabletoputweightonhisinjuredleg.Realizingthe____36____ofthesituation,Wilsonmadeaquick____37____.Hecrouched(蹲下)downandsignaledforCartertoclimbontohisback.WithCartersecurelyseated,Wilsonstartedrunningagain,adeterminedlookonhisface.HecarriedCarterallthewaytothefinishline,____38____theburninginhismuscles.Oncetheycrossedtheline,medicalstaff____39____Carterimmediately.ItwaslaterrevealedthatCarterhadhurthisanklebadly.Hewouldhavefaced____40____difficultytryingtoreachthemedicaltentonhisown.ForWilson,hewasalittlebit____41____bytoomuchpraisehereceived.“Ididn’tthinktwice,”Wilsontoldaschoolreporter.“Icouldn’t____42____himthere.”Hisselflessact____43____theentireschool,turningwhatcouldhavebeenadisappointingmomentintoanunforgettabledisplayof____44____.Thoughhedidn’twintheracethatday,WilsonandCarter’sstorybecamethetalkoftheschool.The____45____ofsportsmanshipshonebrighterthananymedal.31．A．rushed B．planned C．started D．skipped32．A．missed B．judged C．faced D．heard33．A．slowly B．hard C．far D．fast34．A．hesitation B．permission C．doubt D．confidence35．A．jump B．climb C．rise D．swing36．A．ability B．urgency C．truth D．possibility37．A．decision B．speech C．report D．comment38．A．noticing B．ignoring C．fearing D．accepting39．A．examined B．questioned C．comforted D．blamed40．A．little B．strange C．serious D．average41．A．annoyed B．amused C．embarrassed D．frightened42．A．save B．forget C．serve D．abandon43．A．troubled B．challenged C．puzzled D．inspired44．A．courage B．kindness C．pride D．humor45．A．concept B．dream C．history D．power第二节（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheAmericanwriterMarkTwainonce____46____(say),“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment(赞美).”Perhapshiswordssoundtheatrical,butit’struethatcomplimentscanreallymakepeoplefeelgood.Theycangiveusthe____47____(confident)weneedtofinishaprojectortoimprove____48____(we).Theycaneventurnabadday____49____agoodone.Complimentsalsoplay____50____importantroleinsocialcommunication.Theycanbeusedtogreetfriendsorrelatives,tostartupaconversationataparty,ortoshowourappreciationtosomeone.Complimentsareonlymeaningful,however,iftheyaresincere.In____51____(give)acompliment,weshouldnotsayanythingwedon’treallymean.Itisalsoimportanttoknowhowtoacceptacompliment____52____(polite).ForEnglish-speakers,thebestanswerisoftenasimple“Thankyou”____53____(speak)withacheerfulvoice.Somecomplimentsmightalsobeacceptable,especiallyiftheperson____54____gavethecomplimentistryingtostartupaconversation.Forexample,ifsomeonecomplimentsyouonyourclothing,youmightmentionwhenorwhereyouboughtitorsomeotherbitsofinformation.Anothergoodway____55____(be)toofferacomplimentinreturn.第四部分写作（满分20分）56．你校澄池文学社EnglishCorner栏目面向高一新生征稿，主题为“科学规划双休”。请同学们对周末学习（Study）、休息（Rest）、志愿活动（Volunteering）按重要性排序，并阐述理由。请你写一篇短文投稿。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。RankingMyWeekendPriorities(优先事项)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页（共=sectionpages22页）答案第=page11页（共=sectionpages22页）1．hadcollected【详解】句意：到这名宇航员返回地球的时候，科学家们已经收集了大量太空信息。bythetime引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时，表示“在从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经完成”。2．tospread【详解】句意：每一个机会都应该被充分利用，向世界传播优秀的中国传统文化。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词oughttobemadeuseof，空格处需用非谓语动词；此处表示“利用机会”的目的，应用不定式tospread作目的状语。3．areencouraged【详解】句意：不仅是教练，球员们也被鼓励在世界杯面对强队时保持冷静。notonly...butalso...结构作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，动词encourage“鼓励”作谓语，靠近它的主语是theplayers，应用复数；encourage与主语之间为被动关系，故需使用被动语态；根据从句谓语动词face和句意可知，该句表示客观现实，应用一般现在时。4．losing【详解】句意：人工智能被广泛用于创作艺术作品，但我们应该避免失去我们自己的创造力。avoiddoingsth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”，空处应用动名词形式losing作宾语。5．knowledgeable【详解】句意：只要我们学好各门学科，就会很容易受到激励从而更加努力学习，进而逐渐变得博学。根据空前的系动词be可知，空处需用形容词作表语；提示词knowledge为名词，其形容词形式knowledgeable意为“知识渊博的，博学的”。6．others’【详解】句意：换位思考十分重要，因为这有助于人们相互理解并建立良好关系。固定短语putoneselfinothers’shoes，意为“换位思考”，此处用名词所有格others’。7．spend【详解】句意：饼图显示，将零花钱花在书籍上的青少年比例为53%。分析句子结构，who引导定语从句修饰theteenagers，spend在从句中作谓语，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，先行词theteenagers为复数，关系代词who在从句中作主语，谓语动词用原形。8．passing【详解】句意：作为中华文化的瑰宝，中国节日值得被一代又一代传承下去。beworthdoingsth.意为“值得做某事”，用主动形式表达被动含义。9．difficulties【详解】句意：从这次经历中，我明白了如果我坚定信念，就能推倒困难为我筑起的高墙。空处应用名词difficulty，作主语，根据谓语动词build可知，主语应用其复数形式difficulties，意为“困难”。10．fifths【详解】句意：长沙是一座非常宜居的城市，因为这座城市近五分之三的面积都被树木和草地覆盖。此处考查分数表达法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母需用复数形式；提示词five为基数词，其对应的序数词为fifth，分子three大于1，故分母变为复数形式fifths。11．A12．B13．D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为ShiningLightDayCenter的儿童活动中心，介绍了他们提供的活动、上课时间和学习活动等信息。【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第四段Ourclassesareheldattwodifferenttimes.Onweekdays,classesareheldfromnoonto3p.m.Onweekends,classesareheldfrom9to11a.m.Thisgivesyoualotofchoiceasaparent.可知我们在两个不同的时间上课。在工作日，上课时间为中午至下午三点。在周末，上课时间是上午九点到十一点。作为家长，这给了你很多选择。由此可知，ShiningLightDayCenter上课时间为星期六上午九点到十一点。故选A。12．细节理解题。根据表格Tellingtime部分中Childrenlearncountingskillsbyusingclocks.Theycounthoursandminutes.可知孩子们通过使用时钟学习计数技巧。他们数小时和分钟。由此可知，表格中报时活动最有可能帮助发展数学技能。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第五段AllparentsshouldconsidertheShiningLightDayCenter;itwillgiveyourchildrenagoodbeginninginlife.Visitourwebsitetodaytolearnmore.可知所有的家长都应该考虑到ShiningLightDayCenter；这将给你的孩子一个良好的开端。访问我们的网站了解更多。文章主要介绍了一个名为ShiningLightDayCenter的儿童活动中心，介绍了他们提供的活动、上课时间和学习活动等信息。由此可推知，这篇文章很可能是一则广告。故选D。14．C15．A16．B17．A【导语】文章讲述尼古拉斯在遭遇一场猛烈的暴风雪后在山里迷路被困住，他冷静勇敢地利用自己在电视节目中学到的求生技能坚持到了获救。【详解】14．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptthearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!(下午早些时候，正当他准备回家时，一场猛烈的暴风雪席卷了这个地区。因为看不到远处的路，他不小心偏离了雪道。还没反应过来，尼古拉斯就迷路了，孤身一人！)”可知，糟糕的天气导致了尼古拉斯在山上迷路。15．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.(尼古拉斯用他的滑雪板造了一个雪洞。他收集了一大堆雪，在中间挖了一个洞。然后他把树枝堆在身上，像毯子一样，尽可能地保持温暖。)”可知，尼古拉斯造了一个雪洞保暖。16．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“HaditnotbeenforTV,Nicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstorm.HehadoftenwatchedBearGrylls’survivalshowManvs.Wild.That’swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.(如果没有电视，尼古拉斯可能无法在这场暴风雪中幸存下来。他经常看贝尔·格里尔斯的生存秀《荒野求生》。正是从那里，他学到了救自己一命的技巧。)”可知，提到贝尔·格里尔斯的节目是因为它教会了尼古拉斯有用的求生知识。17．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hetriednottopanic.HethoughtaboutallthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.(他努力不让自己惊慌。他回想起自己在电视上看过的所有求生节目。是时候把他学到的技巧派上用场了。)”、第五段最后一句“Havingbeenstuckinthesnowfortwodays,Nicholaswassaved.(被困在雪地里两天之后，尼古拉斯得救了)”并结合全文可知，尼古拉斯在暴风雪中迷路后没有恐慌，冷静地运用学到的求生技巧搭建雪洞、补充体力，在被困两天后成功获救，可见他既勇敢又头脑冷静。18．B19．C20．A21．D【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了可通过情绪线索解读肢体语言，列举哭泣、愤怒、焦虑、尴尬、骄傲对应的各类身体信号，帮助我们判断他人真实的内心情绪。【详解】18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Cryingcanalsocomeaboutthroughlaughterandhumor.Thus,whenjudgingcrying,you’llneedtolookforothersignstodeterminethemeaningofthecrying.Cryingcanalsobeforcedinordertogainsympathyortocheatothers.Thispracticeisknownas“crocodiletears”,anexpressionthatdrawsonthewrongideathatcrocodiles“cry”whencatchingprey(猎物).(哭泣也可能通过笑声和幽默来表现。因此，在判断哭泣时，你需要寻找其他迹象来确定其含义。人们也可能为了博取同情或欺骗他人而刻意假装哭泣。这种做法被称为“鳄鱼的眼泪”，这一表达源自鳄鱼捕猎时会‘哭泣’的错误认知。)”可知，“鳄鱼的眼泪”特指为博取同情、欺骗他人而假装流出的眼泪，因此人在欺骗他人时可能会出现“鳄鱼的眼泪”。19．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inasimilarway,armstightlycrossedovertheotherisacommonsignthatthepersonisangryandisclosinghimselfofftoyou.(同样地，双臂紧紧交叉于胸前，通常是此人感到愤怒并试图与你保持距离的常见表现。)”可知，双臂紧紧交叉是人生气、对他人持封闭态度的典型肢体信号。20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文提到的情绪线索包括：哭泣（以悲伤为主）、愤怒、焦虑、尴尬、骄傲。其中悲伤、愤怒、焦虑、尴尬均为负面情绪，仅骄傲、喜极而泣属于正面情绪，因此大部分情绪线索都指向负面感受。21．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Therearevariouswaysinwhichtoreadbodylanguagesothatyoucanunderstandhowsomeoneisfeeling.Readingemotionalcluesisoneofthem.(有多种方式可以解读肢体语言，从而了解一个人的情绪状态。其中一种方法就是解读情绪线索。)”可知，文章开篇点明“解读情绪线索是读懂肢体语言的方式之一”，后文依次介绍了哭泣、愤怒、焦虑、尴尬、骄傲等多种情绪对应的肢体表现，核心围绕“如何通过肢体信号解读情绪线索”展开，由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是“如何解读情感线索？”。22．D23．B24．C25．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及处理现状，并强调了正确回收电子垃圾的紧迫性和重要性。【详解】22．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Thisincludeselectricalorelectronicequipmentthathasbeendiscarded.Butwheredoesitallgo?IntheUSalone,100millionmobilephones,41millioncomputersandover20milliontelevisionsarethrownintolandfills(垃圾填埋场)inayear.(这包括被discarded的电气或电子设备。但它们都去哪儿了呢？仅在美国，每年就有1亿部手机、4100万台电脑和2000多万台电视机被扔进垃圾填埋场)”可知，每年都有大量的电气或电子设备被扔进垃圾填埋场，这些设备都是被丢弃的，所以discarded意思是“丢弃”，与“Abandoned”意思相近。故选D。23．推理判断题。根据第二段“Failingtorecyclee-wasteisextremelydamagingtheenvironmentduetothenatureofthematerialsusedinmodemdevices.Whileheavymetalsandchemicalsimproveadevice’ssafetyanduserexperience,theybecomepoisonousifthey’renotdealtwithproperly.Youroldphones,Gameboys,kettles,microwavesandmorecanendupinlandfills,leakingtheirharmfulcontentsintothesoil,waterandair.Notonlydoesthiskillwildlifeanddestroyecosystems,buttheaccumulation(累积)ofpoisoncanimpacthumanhealthtoo.(由于现代设备所用材料的特性，未能回收电子垃圾对环境危害极大。虽然重金属和化学物质提高了设备的安全性和用户体验，但如果处理不当，它们就会变成有毒物质。你的旧手机、游戏机、水壶、微波炉等都可能被扔进垃圾填埋场，将有害物质泄漏到土壤、水和空气中。这不仅会杀死野生动物，破坏生态系统，而且毒物的积累也会影响人类健康)”可知，电子垃圾中的重金属和化学物质如果处理不当，会泄漏到土壤、水和空气中，不仅会杀死野生动物，破坏生态系统，还会影响人类健康，由此可知，电子垃圾可能对生态系统和人类都有害。故选B。24．推理判断题。根据第三段“Insomewesterncountries,e-wasteisn’thiddenoutofsightinlandfillsbutisburntingiant,openjunkyards.Theyevenshipwasteelectronicstoothercountriestodealwith,andthisoftenendsupindumpsacrossAfricaandAsia.Workersintheseplacesareexposedtopollutedlandsandchemicalgas.(在一些西方国家，电子垃圾不会被隐藏在垃圾填埋场中，而是会在巨大的露天垃圾场被焚烧。他们甚至将电子垃圾运往其他国家处理，而这些垃圾最终往往会被运往非洲和亚洲的垃圾场。这些地方的工人暴露在被污染的土地和化学气体中)”可知，作者通过列举一些西方国家处理电子垃圾的方式，如在露天垃圾场焚烧、运往其他国家等，来描述西方国家处理电子垃圾的情况，由此可知，作者是通过举例来描述西方国家处理电子垃圾的情况的。故选C。25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itisurgentthatweshouldreducethedamagingandunsustainablesideofe-wasteproduction.Rareearthmetals,someplasticsandchemicalscanbefedintothenextgenerationofelectronics.Thestepstoproperrecyclingofe-wasteareextensiveandneedlargeinvestment,butmoreandmorecountriesaroundtheworldareturningtoe-wasterecycling.(我们迫切需要减少电子垃圾生产所带来的破坏性和不可持续的一面。稀土金属、一些塑料和化学物质可以用于下一代电子产品。妥善回收电子垃圾的步骤繁多，需要大量投资，但世界上越来越多的国家正在转向电子垃圾回收)”可知，最后一段强调了妥善回收电子垃圾的紧迫性和重要性，并提到了一些回收电子垃圾所需的步骤和投资。由此可推测，作者接下来可能会继续谈论如何妥善回收电子垃圾。故选B。26．C27．E28．G29．A30．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出高中生活既兴奋又具挑战，给出四条建议：保持积极自信、有条理、勇于提问、平衡工作与生活，还强调要享受高中这段旅程。【详解】26．根据上文“Startinghighschoolcanbebothexcitingandchallenging.Youwillmeetnewfriends,learnnewsubjects,andjoinnewclubs.(进入高中既充满期待又颇具挑战性。你会结识新朋友，学习新科目，并加入新的社团)”以及后文“Hereissomeadvicetohelpyougetstarted.(以下是一些建议，助你顺利开启高中生活)”可知，前文提到高中生活既令人兴奋也有挑战，后文衔接建议，此处需过渡“紧张情绪”——C项“感到有点紧张是正常的”，承接前文“challenging”，引出后文“帮助你开始的建议”，逻辑连贯。故选C。27．根据上文“First,bepositiveandconfident.(首先，要积极自信)”及下文“Don’tbeafraidtointroduceyourselfandstartaconversation.(不要害怕介绍自己并开启对话)”可知，本段主题是“积极自信”，后文讲“别怕自我介绍、开启对话”，E项“一个微笑可以成为友谊的最好开端”，呼应“建立人际关系”的语境，且符合“积极”的态度，衔接自然。故选E。28．根据上文“Second,getorganized.(其次，要进行有效的规划)”以及下文“Useanotebookoranapptokeeptrackofyourhomework,tests,andactivities.Thiswillhelpyoumanageyourtimeeffectively.(使用笔记本或应用程序来记录你的作业、考试以及活动情况。这将有助于你有效地管理时间)”可知，本段主题是“有条理”，后文提到“用笔记本或App记录作业、考试”，G项“为学习和每周任务制定计划”，是“有条理”的具体做法，与后文“记录事项、管理时间”形成递进，符合逻辑。故选G。29．根据上文“Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomethinginclass,raiseyourhand.(如果在课堂上你有不明白的地方，就举手示意)”可知，前文讲“课堂不懂就举手”，本句承接上文，说明这么做的意义。故A选项“这是表明你感兴趣的好方式”符合语境，故选A。30．根据后文“Gettingenoughsleep,eatinghealthyfood,andexercisingregularlyarealsoveryimportant.(保证充足的睡眠、食用健康的食物以及定期进行锻炼也同样非常重要)”可知，后文提到“充足睡眠、健康饮食、规律运动”，B项“保持健康生活方式至关重要”，概括后文内容，且“healthylifestyle”与后文具体健康习惯呼应，总结恰当。选B。31．A32．C33．B34．A35．C36．B37．A38．B39．A40．C41．C42．D43．D44．B45．D【导语】本文主要讲述了在一次越野赛跑中，JakeWilson放弃个人成绩，背受伤选手EthanCarter冲过终点，展现了体育精神与无私善良的故事。【详解】31．考查动词。句意：JakeWilson本应该更快地冲过最后一段，爬上崎岖小路上最后一座陡峭山丘。A.rushed冲；B.planned计划；C.started开始；D.skipped跳过。根据下文“throughthelastpartmuchfaster,goinguptheroughpath’slaststeephill.Everythingwasgoingwelluntilhe____arunnerlyingonthemuddyroad,withabloodykneefromfalling.”可知，越野赛跑中本应快速冲刺。32．考查动词。句意：一切都很顺利，直到他面对一名躺在泥路上的跑步者，膝盖因摔倒而流血。A.missed错过；B.judged判断；C.faced面对；D.heard听到。根据下文“WilsonwashalfwaythroughhispartwhenhesawEthanCarterfalling____,grabbinghisankle.”可知，他遇到了一名受伤的跑步者，即面对这样一个人。33．考查副词。句意：Wilson正完成自己一半的任务时，看到EthanCarter重重地摔倒在地，正抓着自己的脚踝。A.slowly缓慢地；B.hard重重地；C.far远地；D.fast快速地。根据下文“grabbinghisankle”可知，Carter伤得较重，重重地摔倒在地。34．考查名词。句意：Wilson毫不犹豫地滑停并冲回Carter身边。A.hesitation犹豫；B.permission允许；C.doubt怀疑；D.confidence信心。根据下文“WilsonslidtoastopandrushedbacktoCarter’sside.”可知，Wilson冲回Carter身边，所以此处表示他没有犹豫。35．考查动词。句意：他试图帮助Carter站起来，但Carter无法在受伤的腿上负重。A.jump跳；B.climb爬；C.rise起身；D.swing摇摆。根据上文“WilsonwashalfwaythroughhispartwhenhesawEthanCarterfalling____,grabbinghisankle.”可知，Carter摔倒了，所以此处表示Wilson帮助Carter站起来。36．考查名词。句意：意识到情况的紧迫性，Wilson迅速做出了决定。A.ability能力；B.urgency紧迫性；C.truth真相；D.possibility可能性。根据上文“butCarterwasunabletoputweightonhisinjuredleg.”可知，Carter无法站起来，情况紧急。37．考查名词。句意同上。A.decision决定；B.speech演讲；C.report报告；D.comment评论。根据下文“Hecrouched(蹲下)downandsignaledforCartertoclimbontohisback.”可知，这是她做出的决定。38．考查动词。句意：他一路将Carter带到终点线，尽管肌肉灼痛难忍，也毫不在意。A.noticing注意到；B.ignoring忽视；C.fearing害怕；D.accepting接受。根据上文“Wilsonstartedrunningagain,adeterminedlookonhisf