湖南省娄底市涟源市2026-2027学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷

2026时量：60分钟满分：100阅读理解（共4篇，15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分SCIENCENEEDSCitizenscienceisanewmovementwhichinvolvesmembersofthepublic,eithersinglyoringroups,workingtowardsacommongoal.Veryoften,citizenscientistscollect,reportoranalysedata.Whatmakesacitizenscientist?Anyonewhocontributestheirtime,effortandwhateverresourcestheyhavetoascientificresearchprojectisacitizenscientist.Theycomefromallwalksoflife—housewives,retirees,students,sportspeople,children.There’snoneedforaformalorstrongscientificbackground,justHowtogetIfyouhaveaparticularhobby,interestorexpertisethere’salmostcertainlyaprojectyouSearchonlineforcitizenscienceprojectsandpickouttheonesyoulike.Itcouldbeinsects,migratorybirds,evenplatemovements;allyouhavetodoistorecordandhandinobservations.Youcanuseyourlaptoporevenyoursmartphonetodothis—easy!HereisanopportunityfromWhatyou’llWatchWhatyou’llWatchtheskyatsunriseandsunsetfornoctilucentclouds夜光云andshootUploadyourphotosandobservationstoawebsitetocontributetoresearchonEarth’smiddleatmosphere.Takenoteswhennoctilucentcloudsareabsent,soyoucanreportthatTime:10-20Equipment:Camera,smartphoneorGPSKnowledge:NopriorknowledgeWhocanbeacitizenAwell-educated B.ApersonwithscientificC.Apersonwithascientific D.ApersonwithaprofessionalWhatdoestheSpaceCloudWatchrequireparticipantstoObserveinsectsat B.TakepicturesofC.Recordcloud D.ReportdataeveryWhoisthetextmostprobablyintendedProfessional B.GovernmentC.General D.ScienceBeingthestrongwifeandmotherthatsheis,DianaRegisteroftenhidherdeeppainandsufferingfromthosearoundher.Intheweeksandmonthsfollowingherhusband’scancerdiagnosis,Dianawouldsearchfor“hiding”placeswhereshecouldlettheuncontrollablewaterfallsoftearsflowfromhereyes.“Thestorageroomwasafavorite.Thenwastheshower.ButwhenIwasn’thome,itwastheparkinglotsthatservedasmyhidingplaces,”shesaid.Afterherhusbandpassedaway,parkinglotswereDiana’ssafehaven(避风港)forpainandsorrow.Oneday,asshewasabouttoplaceherorderintheDutchBrotherscoffeedrive-thru(汽车餐厅thewaveofsadnesshitherlikeatidalwaveinthemiddleofherconversationwitha“Icouldhardlycatchmybreathandtheuglycryingstarted,”saidDiana.“Theproblemwas,IwasstuckinthecoffeelineatDutchBrothers,oneplacewherealltheworkersareyoung,happyandjammingouttomusic.Andtherewasnowayout.Iwasliterallyblockedin,sounlessIwantedtobackrightupintotheSUVbehindme,IwasabouttobeseenforthemessIreallywas.”Thebarista咖啡师whowasmakingandservingcoffeeatthewindowhandedDianaanicedcoffeewithasweetandsimplenoteonthetop.“WhenIlookeddowninthecupholder,Isawit.Apinkstraw,andthewords‘Weloveyou’writtenaroundit.”Thegirldidn’tknowDiana’spainorherstory,butsheknewshewashurtingandcouldn’tfixit.“ShewantedmetoknowIwasn’taloneandthatwhatevertrialIwasgoingthrough,therewerepeopleouttherewhocaredaboutme.”WhatwouldDianadowhenshewantedtoGooutfora B.CryhereyesouttotallyC.Haveaconversationwithher D.Playhide-and-seekinthestorageWhatdotheunderlinedwords“themess”inparagraph4referCausingacar B.GettingstuckinalongC.Havinganemotional D.HavingaquarrelwithaWhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheGenerousand B.Intelligentandopen-C.Caringand D.Observantandwarm-WhatcanbelearntfromDiana’sDon’tjudgeabookbyits B.AfriendinneedisafriendC.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.SmallactsofkindnessmakeaClimatechangeisahugethreattopolarbears,butscientistsnowbelievethatsomeoftheanimalsareevolvingtosurviveinaworldwithhighertemperaturesandlessseaice.Adaptingtotheseconditionsisrewritingthebears’DNA.MostpolarbearsliveonseaiceintheArcticregion,includingpartsofGreenland.Theyrelyontheiceasabasetohuntanimalslikeseals,whichmakeupmostoftheirhigh-fatdiet.Butasglobaltemperaturesrise,seaiceismelting.Ifthiscontinues,expertspredictthatmorethan60%ofthepolarbearpopulationcoulddisappearby2050.ScientistscomparedpolarbearsinnorthernGreenlandtoanisolated(隔离的)grouplivinginsouthernGreenland,wheretemperaturesarewarmerandthereislessseaice.Bothgroupsofwereoncepartofthesamepopulation,butsomemovedsouthabout200yearsago.Tounderstandhowthesouthernpopulationissurviving,ateamofresearchersanalyzedDNAsamplesfrom17AllanimalshavepiecesofDNAcalled“jumpinggenes”thatcanmovefromonelocationtoanother.Whentheymove,theycanchangehowothergenesbehave.Thestudyfoundthatjumpinggenesweremoreactiveinthesouthernbearscomparedtothenorthernones.Thisincreasedactivityseemedtobelinkedtohighertemperatures.Thegenescausedchangesinhowthebears’bodiescopewithheatandhowtheyage.Theyalsoaffectedhowthebodyprocessesfat,whichbecomesimportantwhenfoodishardtoget.Accordingtothestudy,thesouthernbearshavebeeneatingmoreplantsinsteadoffattyseals.LeadresearcherAliceGoddencalledthestudy’sresults“hopeful”becausetheyshowthatpolarbearsarerewritingtheirDNAtoadapttoclimatechange.However,shesaid,thisisa“desperatesurvivalmechanismagainstmeltingseaice”andGoddenpointedoutthattherearelimitstohowmuchtheanimalscanadapt.“Westillneedtobedoingeverythingwecantoslowtemperatureincreases,”shetoldTheGuardian.WhatcausesmostofthepolarbearstodisappearbyThehigh-fat B.ThemeltingofseaC.Theextinctionof D.ThepollutionoftheWhataspectofthestudydoesParagraph3mainlyfocusItskey B.ItsresearchC.Itspractical D.ItspotentialHowhavejumpinggeneshelpedsouthernpolarBychangingbodyand B.ByimprovinghuntingC.Bysharpeningsenseof D.ByincreasingphysicalWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphofthePolarbears’climatechangeadaptationisStudyprovidesasolutiontopolarbears’HumaneffortstoslowglobalwarmingstillPolarbearshavealreadyadaptedtoclimateThenewstretchy(有弹性的)electronicskin,developedbyresearchersatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin,solvesamajorbottleneckintheemergingtechnology.Existinge-skintechnologylosessensingaccuracy(传感精度)asthematerialstretches(拉伸),butthatisnotthecasewiththisnewversion.E-skintechnologysensespressurefromcontact,lettingtheattachedmachineknowhowmuchforcetouseto,forexample,grabacuportouchaperson.But,whentraditionale-skinisstretched,italsosensesthatdeformation.Thatreadingcreatesadditionalnoisethatskews(使有误差)thesensors’abilitytosensethepressure.Thatcouldleadtoarobotusingtoomuchforcetograb“Ashumanskinhastostretchandbendtoaccommodateourmovements,sotoodoese-skin,”saidNanshuLu,aprofessorintheCockrellSchoolofEngineeringwholedtheproject.“Nomatterhowmuchoure-skinstretches,thepressureresponsedoesn’tchange,andthatisasignificantachievement.”Luenvisagesthestretchye-skinasakeycomponenttoarobothandcapableofthesamelevelofsoftnessandsensitivity(灵敏度)intouchasahumanhand.Thiscouldbeappliedtomedicalcare,whererobotscouldcheckapatient’spulse,wipeabodyormassageabodypart.Whyisarobotnurseorphysicaltherapistnecessary?Aroundtheworld,millionsofpeopleagingandareinneedofcare,morethantheglobalmedicalsystemcanprovide.“Inthefuture,ifwehavemoreelderlypeoplethanavailablecaregivers,it’sgoingtobeacrisisworldwide,”Lusaid.“Weneedtofindnewwaystotakecareofpeopleefficientlyandalsogently,androbotsareanimportantpieceofthatpuzzle.”Beyondmedicine,human-caringrobotscouldbedeployedindisastersTheycouldsearchforinjuredandtrappedpeopleinanearthquakeoracollapsedbuilding,forexample,andapplyon-the-spotcare,suchasadministeringCPR(心肺复苏术).What’stheproblemofthetraditionale-Poorcontrolof B.LowlevelsofC.Misjudgmentsof D.LoudnoiseoftheWhatdoestheunderlinedword“envisages”inthethirdparagraphA. B. C. D.WhatmakesLuthinkrobotcaregiversThehighturnoverofmedical B.TheageingoftheC.Theirhighqualityof D.TheirlowoperatingWhichcanbethebesttitlefortheHumanskinhashighertouchsensitivitythane-Robotsneede-skinwithhighertouchStretchye-skingivesrobotshuman-leveltouchStretchye-skinimprovestheefficiencyofmedical七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分Beingdislikedisanunavoidablepartoflife.Andassociablecreatures,wetendtoacceptance.Sofindingoutsomeonedoesn’tlikeyoucanmakeyoufeeldeeply AdmitandconfirmyourownIt’simportanttoacceptyourfeelings.“Realizingthatfearingbeingdislikedisnormal—it’sjustyournaturalresponsetothepossibilityofbeingleftout—canhelpyoufeellessashamedofit,”saysTina. Often,thefearofbeingdislikedcomesfromourowninsecurities,likethinkingwe’renotgoodenough.Talkingtoatherapistcanhelpyouunderstandwherethesefeelingscomefromandletthemgo.Italsohelpstochallenge“all-or-nothing”thinking.Askyourself:What’stheworstthatcouldhappenifsomeonedoesn’tlikeme?Chancesare,thefearismuchbiggerthanthereality.“Remember,others’opinionsareshapedbytheirownexperiencesandproblems.It’snotalwaysaboutyou,”addsTina.Buildyour“Italsohelpstotakegoodcareofyourselfandfindpeoplewhotrulyunderstand,accept,andloveyou,”saysAli. Putyourselfinothers’Haveyoueverdislikedsomeonejustforsmall,unimportantreasons?Ifyouhave,you’llfindsuchdislikehasnothingtodowiththeirrealvalue. FocusonyourownSticktoyourownvaluesinsteadofothers’approval.Whenyoustandbywhatyoubelieveisright,youmaybedislikedbysomepeople,butthisjustmeansyouarebeingtruetoyourself.Ultimately,overcomingthefearofbeingdislikedstartswithlikingyourself. Withpractice,youcanembracethefreedomofbeingyourrealself.ReshapeyourFaceyourfear

Themorepeoplelikeyou,thehappieryouwillbeinHerearesometipsonhowtohandlethefearofbeingWhenyoulearntovaluewhoyouare,others’opinionswillnolongercontrolyourInsteadofworryingaboutbeingdisliked,focusonbuildinghealthyrelationshipswithSimilarly,ifsomeonedislikesyou,it’softenforsmallreasons—notbecauseofwho完形填空（共15空，每空1分，满分15分WhenIwasalittleboy,afterplayingoutsideforafewhours,Iwouldcomebackinsidehouseandhaveadeepsmell.ItwasmyItaliangrandma21ourSundaydinner.TherewouldbeloavesoffreshlybakedItalianbreadwithbutter.Therewouldbelotsofpastacoveredinredsaucewhichwas22cookedforhours.Slowlycookedwiththesaucesometimeswouldbemeatballs,sometimespotatoes,andsometimeschicken.Irememberwewouldall23aroundtheolddiningtable.Thenwewouldeatwithsmiles,24andjoy.Ialwaysfelt25therewithfullbelliesandhappyAsIgotolderandbecamea(n) myself,Itriedtomakesmallerversions(版本)ofgrandma’s27dinner.IgotthesaucerecipefromDad.OftenIwouldgetveryclosetomakingadinnerlikehersbutitwasneverquite28.Therefinallycameapointwhen29whatIwasdoingwrong.ThetastethatIreallywantedtogetwastoregaina30.Itwasnotonlythedeliciousfoodthatmadethose31sowonderful,butitwasalsothefeelingoflovethatwasthere.Grandmaalwaysputher32intohercookingandintoher21.A.goingB.preparingC.learningD.resulting22.A.B.C.21.A.goingB.preparingC.learningD.resulting22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.B.C.D.31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33.A.B.C.D.34.A.withthehelpB.attheendC.inchargeD.inshort35.A.B.C.D.语法填空（共10空，每空1.5分，满分15分PekingOperabegantotakeshapeinthelate1700sandearly1800swhenoperatroupesAnhuiProvinceineastChinaarrivedinBeijing.Theymanaged (join)theirmusic,storiesandperformancetechniquesandwhathadalreadyexistedinthecapitaltogether.combination(结合)alsocreated all-roundstagesystemthatisstillpopularinBeijing,Tianjin,ShanghaiandotherPekingOpera (feature)fourprimaryperformanceskills:singing,reciting,stylizedmovementandmartialarts(唱念做打).Performersbegintheirtrainingatayounglearningtousetheirvoices,controltheirbreath,holdpostures,anddomartialmovements Actorstraininroletypesknownashangdang,whicharebroadtypes (base)onage,personalityandsocialposition.Themaingroupsinclude“sheng”formaleroles,“dan”femaleroles,“jing”forpainted-faceroles, “chou”forclownroles(丑角).Theartreachedglobal42(audience)intheearly20thcenturythroughtheworkofMeiLanfang,43wasoneofChina’s