2026年四川考研(英语)考试题库及参考答案

-2026年四川考研(英语)考试题库及参考答案PartIMultipleChoice(50points)（1）HardlyhadIarrivedatthestation______thetrainstarted.（）AthanBwhenCthenDafter答案：B解析：考查固定搭配与倒装句。Hardly...when...是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”。当hardly位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装结构（hadIarrived）。Nosooner...than...也是类似用法，但本题使用的是Hardly，故搭配when。因此选B。（2）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextMonday.（）AwillbepostponedBbepostponedCispostponedDwaspostponed答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand,require,request,command,insist等表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。meeting与postpone之间是被动关系，故用(should)bepostponed。（3）Bythetimehearrivesatthestation,thetrain______.（）AwillleaveBwillhaveleftChasleftDleaves答案：B解析：本题考查时态。句意：当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句使用一般现在时（arrives）表示将来，主句通常使用将来完成时（willhavedone），表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。因此选B。（4）Itisessentialthateverystudent______preparedforthefinalexam.（）AisBbeCwillbeDwas答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在"Itisessential/necessary/important...that..."句型中，that引导的主语从句谓语动词需使用虚拟语气，即"(should)+动词原形"，其中should可以省略。因此这里应填be。故选B。（5）______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.（）ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：从塔顶看去，山的南麓是一片树的海洋。分析句子结构，逗号前是非谓语动词短语作状语，其逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。主句主语是"thesouthfootofthemountain"（山的南麓）。"see"（看）与"thesouthfootofthemountain"之间是被动关系（山脚被看），因此应使用过去分词Seen表示被动。如果是Seeing，则意味着山脚自己在看，逻辑不通。故选B。（6）Themanagerdemandedthatalltheemployees______atthemeetingontime.（）AbeBareCwereDwillbe答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。在demand,suggest,order,insist,command等表示命令、建议、要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需使用虚拟语气，即'(should)+动词原形'，should可以省略。句意：经理要求所有员工准时参加会议。故选A。（7）Bythetimeyougettothestation,thetrain______already______.（）Awill;leaveBhas;leftChad;leftDwillhave;left答案：D解析：考查将来完成时。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来，主句通常使用将来完成时（willhavedone），表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。句意为：“当你到达车站时，火车将已经开走了。”因此选D。（8）Hardly______thehousewhenitbegantorainheavily.（）AhadIenteredBIhadenteredCdidIenterDIentered答案：A解析：本题考查倒装句和固定搭配。"Hardly...when..."意为“一……就……”，hardly位于句首时，句子需部分倒装，且hardly所在的分句通常使用过去完成时，when所在的分句使用一般过去时。正常语序为Ihadhardlyentered...，倒装后为HardlyhadIentered...。故选A。（9）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextMonday.（）AwaspostponedBbepostponedCpostponedDwouldbepostponed答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。在suggest,order,demand,require等表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。此处meeting与postpone之间是被动关系，故用(should)bepostponed。句意：经理建议会议推迟到下周一。故选B。（10）Bythetimehearrivesattheairport,theplane______.（）AwilltakeoffBhastakenoffCwillhavetakenoffDtookoff答案：C解析：本题考查将来完成时。句意为“当他到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了”。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句使用一般现在时（arrives）表示将来，主句通常使用将来完成时（willhavedone），表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。因此选C。（11）Notuntilhelefthishome____toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.（）AdidhebeginBhadhebegunChebeganDhehadbegun答案：A解析：考查倒装句。当“Notuntil+时间状语/从句”位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装结构，即将助动词提至主语之前。根据语境，他离开家之后才开始意识到，动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的倒装形式didhebegin。（12）Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______.（）AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleft答案：C解析：本题考查将来完成时。句中"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句使用一般现在时表将来，主句应使用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。结构为willhave+过去分词。故选C。（13）Itisessentialthateverystudent______therulesofthelibrary.（）AobeysBobeyCwillobeyDobeyed答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意：每个学生都必须遵守图书馆的规定，这是至关重要的。在"Itisessential/important/necessary/strange...that..."句型中，that引导的主语从句通常使用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为"(should)+动词原形"，其中should可以省略。因此，这里应填动词原形obey。（14）______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.（）ASeeingBSeenCHavingseenDTosee答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语是thesouthfootofthemountain，它与动词see之间是被动关系（山脚被看），因此应使用过去分词Seen表被动和完成。Seeing表示主动，Havingseen也表示主动，Tosee通常表目的或将来，均不符合语境逻辑。（15）______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.（）ASeeingBSeenCHavingseenDTosee答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是thesouthfootofthemountain，它与动词see之间是被动关系（山脚被看），因此应使用过去分词Seen作状语。如果用Seeing，则暗示主语是人，造成悬垂修饰错误。句意为：从塔顶看去，山的南麓是一片树海。（16）Thenewpolicywillhaveasignificantimpact______thelocaleconomy.（）AinBonCatDfor答案：B解析：本题考查固定搭配。haveanimpacton/upon...意为“对……产生影响”，是英语中的常用介词搭配。其他介词in,at,for均不符合此习惯用法。（17）IfI____you,Iwouldaccepttheofferimmediately.（）AamBwasCwereDhavebeen答案：C解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在表示与现在事实相反的假设条件句中，if从句的谓语动词需用过去式，且be动词统一用were，不管主语是什么人称。主句使用了wouldaccept，表明是与现在事实相反，故从句应用were。（18）______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.（）ASeeingBSeenCHavingseenDTosee答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：从塔顶看去，山的南麓是一片树的海洋。分析句子结构，逗号前是分词短语作状语，逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。主句主语是"thesouthfootofthemountain"（山的南麓）。“山”与“看”之间是被动关系（山被看），因此应使用过去分词Seen表示被动。如果是Seeing，则意味着山在看，逻辑不通。故选B。（19）Iwouldratheryou______heretomorrowthantoday.（）AcomeBcameCwillcomeDwouldcome答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在wouldrather(that)从句中，如果表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时；如果表示对过去情况的虚拟，需用过去完成时。本句中有tomorrow，表示对将来的虚拟，故用came。（20）Itisessentialthateverystudent______therulesofthelibrary.（）AobeysBobeyCwillobeyDobeyed答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在'Itisessential/necessary/important/vital+that...'句型中，that引导的主语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即'(should)+动词原形'，其中should可以省略。因此这里应填动词原形obey。句意：每个学生遵守图书馆的规定是至关重要的。故选B。（21）Itisessentialthateverystudent______theexamrulescarefullybeforeenteringthehall.（）AreadsBreadCwillreadDhasread答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在"Itisessential/necessary/important...that..."句型中，that引导的主语从句谓语动词需用"(should)+动词原形"，其中should可以省略。因此这里应填动词原形read。故选B。（22）Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______.（）AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleft答案：C解析：本题考查时态。句中"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句使用了一般现在时（arrive）表示将来，主句通常使用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。句意：当你到达车站时，火车已经开走了。故选C。（23）Bythetimehearrivesattheairport,theplane______.（）AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleaves答案：C解析：本题考查时态。句意：当他到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句使用一般现在时（arrives）表示将来，主句通常使用将来完成时（willhavedone），表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。因此选C。（24）Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.（）AwillbepostponedBbepostponedCispostponedDhasbeenpostponed答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。在suggest,recommend,advise,order,demand,require,request,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。此处meeting与postpone之间是被动关系，故用(should)bepostponed。（25）Iwouldratheryou______methetruthyesterday.（）AtellBtoldChadtoldDwouldtell答案：C解析：本题考查wouldrather后接宾语从句的虚拟语气。当wouldrather后接从句表示愿望时，从句谓语需用虚拟语气：若指现在或将来，用一般过去时；若指过去，用过去完成时。句中时间状语为yesterday，表示对过去情况的虚拟，因此应用过去完成时hadtold。故选C。PartIIGap-filling(14points)（1）Thebook______(write)byLuXunisveryfamous.答案：written解析：考查过去分词作后置定语。句中已有谓语动词is，因此write需用非谓语形式。book与write之间是被动关系（书被写），故使用过去分词written作后置定语修饰Thebook，相当于定语从句whichwaswrittenbyLuXun。（2）HardlyhadIarrivedatthestation______thetrainstarted.答案：when解析：考查固定搭配和倒装句。'Hardly...when...'是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”。当hardly位于句首时，句子需使用部分倒装结构（hadIarrived）。后半句由when引导。类似的结构还有'Nosooner...than...'。故填when。（3）Itisnouse______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter;heistoostubborn.答案：arguing解析：固定句型Itisnousedoingsth.解析：“Itisnousedoingsomething”是英语中的常用固定句型，意为“做某事是没有用的/无济于事的”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。类似的句型还有：Itisnogooddoingsth.（做某事没有好处）。因此，括号内的argue应变为动名词形式arguing。（4）Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______(be)50,butanumberofthem______(be)fromthecountryside.答案：is,are解析：考查主谓一致。'Thenumberof+复数名词'作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词用单数；'Anumberof+复数名词'作主语时，意为“许多”，中心词是后面的复数名词，谓语动词用复数。故第一空填is，第二空填are。（5）Sheislookingforwardto______(hear)fromherpenpal.答案：hearing解析：考查固定搭配中的动名词用法。lookforwardto中的to是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式（v-ing）。句意：她正盼望着收到笔友的来信。（6）Itisnouse______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter.答案：arguing解析：考查非谓语动词。Itisnousedoingsth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是没有用的”。其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。故填arguing。（7）Thenewsmadehimvery____(excite).答案：excited解析：本题考查形容词辨析。修饰人（him）感到兴奋应用-ed结尾的形容词excited；修饰事物令人兴奋应用-ing结尾的exciting。此处指他的感受，故填excited。（8）HardlyhadIarrivedatthestation______thetrainstarted.答案：when解析：考查倒装句与固定搭配。Hardly...when...是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”。当hardly位于句首时，主句需使用部分倒装（hadIarrived），从句由when引导。故填when。（9）Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______(be)50.答案：is解析：考查主谓一致。“thenumberof+复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词用单数形式。“anumberof+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。此处指学生的数量是50，故填is。（10）HardlyhadIenteredtheroom____thephonerang.答案：when解析：本题考查固定句型'Hardly...when...'，意为“一……就……”。当Hardly位于句首时，主句需倒装，从句由when引导。（11）HardlyhadIarrivedhome______itbegantorainheavily.答案：when解析：考查倒装句和固定搭配。Hardly...when...意为“一……就……”，当hardly位于句首时，句子使用部分倒装结构。句意：我刚一到家，天就开始下大雨了。（12）HardlyhadIenteredtheroom______thephonerang.答案：when解析：倒装句与固定搭配Hardly...when...解析：“Hardly...when...”是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”，“刚……就……”。1.当Hardly位于句首时，句子需要使用部分倒装，即把助动词had提到主语I之前（如题干所示：HardlyhadIentered...）。2.后半句由when引导，通常使用一般过去时。类似的结构还有“Nosooner...than...”和“Scarcely...when...”。本句句意：我刚进房间，电话就响了。故填when。（13）Itisnouse______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter.答案：arguing解析：考查非谓语动词。Itisnousedoingsth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是没有用的”，其中it是形式主语，动名词短语doingsth.是真正的主语。句意：和他争论这件事是没有用的。（14）Bythetimehearrivesatthestation,thetrain______(leave).答案：willhaveleft解析：考查将来完成时。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若用一般现在时表将来，主句通常使用将来完成时（willhavedone），表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。故填willhaveleft。PartIIICloze(30points)（1）Learninganewlanguageisachallengingbutrewardingexperience.Itopensdoorstodifferentculturesandperspectives.Tomasteralanguage,onemustpracticeregularly.Speakingwithnativespeakersisparticularly1______becauseitprovidesreal-lifecontext.Readingbooksandwatchingmoviesinthetargetlanguagealsohelpexpandvocabulary.However,grammarrulescanbeconfusing.Manylearnersstrugglewithverbtensesandsentencestructures.Itisimportanttobepatientwithoneself.Mistakesareanaturalpartofthelearningprocess.Insteadoffeelingembarrassed,learnersshouldembraceerrorsaschancesto2______.Consistencyiskey.Eventenminutesadaycanleadtosignificantprogressovertime.Ultimately,thegoalisnotperfection,buteffective3______.Withdedicationandtherightmethods,anyonecanbecomeproficientinanewlanguageandenjoythe4______itbrings.答案：1.beneficial2.improve3.communication4.benefits解析：1.根据后文“因为它提供真实语境”，可知与母语者交流是“有益的”，故填beneficial。2.句意“拥抱错误作为______的机会”，improve意为“提高/改进”，符合从错误中进步的逻辑。3.语言学习的最终目标通常是有效的“沟通”，故填communication。4.前文提到rewardingexperience，opensdoors等，最后总结享受它带来的“好处”，故填benefits。（2）Remoteworkhastransformedthemodernworkplace.Beforethepandemic,workingfromhomewasrare.Now,ithasbecomeanormformanyindustries.Thisshiftoffersseveraladvantages.Employeessavetimeandmoneyoncommuting.Theyalsoenjoygreaterflexibilityinmanagingtheirschedules.Thisautonomycanleadtohigherjobsatisfactionandproductivity.However,remoteworkalsopresentschallenges.Thelackofface-to-faceinteractioncanleadtofeelingsofisolation.Itcanalsoblurtheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife.Withoutaclearseparation,employeesmayfindithardto1______offafterworkhours.Communicationbarriersareanotherissue.Misunderstandingscanoccurmoreeasilyinwrittenmessagesthaninverbalconversations.Toovercomethesechallenges,companiesareadoptingnewtoolsandpractices.Regularvideocallsandvirtualteam-buildingactivitieshelpmaintainsocialconnections.Managersarealsoencouragedtofocusonoutcomesratherthanhourslogged.Thisresult-orientedapproachtrustsemployeestomanagetheirowntime.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,thehybridmodel,combiningofficeandremotework,islikelyto2______.Thismodeloffersthebestofbothworlds,providingflexibilitywhilemaintainingteam3______.答案：1.switch2.persist3.cohesion解析：1.switch:短语"switchoff"意为“关掉（电器）”或引申为“停止工作/放松大脑”。此处指员工难以在工作时间结束后从工作状态中解脱出来，switchoff符合语境。2.persist:句意为“混合模式可能会持续存在/流行下去”。persist意为“持续”、“存留”，符合对未来工作模式趋势的预测。3.cohesion:句意为“在提供灵活性的同时保持团队凝聚力”。teamcohesion是固定搭配，意为“团队凝聚力”，与前文提到的维持社交联系相呼应。（3）Manypeopleliketravelingduringholidays.Someprefertogotothemountains,whileothersliketovisittheseaside.Lastsummer,myfamilyandIchosetovisitasmallvillageinthecountryside.Theairtherewasfreshandthescenerywasbeautiful.Westayedinasmallhousenearariver.Everymorning,wewentfishingorwalkedinthefields.Wealsohelpedthefarmerspickvegetables.Itwasadifferentexperience16______livinginthecity.Althoughthelifetherewassimple,weenjoyedeverymoment.Welearnedhowtocooklocalfoodandlistenedtooldstoriesfromthevillagers.Whenweleft,wefeltabitsadbutalso17______.Wepromisedtocomebackagainnextyear.Travelingnotonlyrelaxesourbodiesbutalsoenrichesour18______.Ithelpsusunderstanddifferentculturesandwaysoflife.Ithinkeveryoneshouldtrytotravelmoreoftento19______theirhorizons.Itistrulyan20______waytospendholidays.答案：1.from2.happy3.minds4.broaden5.excellent解析：本文描述了作者一家去乡村旅行的经历及感悟。16.from：differentfrom是固定搭配，意为“与……不同”。17.happy：虽然离别有点难过，但内心也是“快乐”的，因为度过了美好的时光，sadbuthappy形成对比。18.minds：旅行不仅放松身体，还丰富我们的“思想/头脑”，enrichone'smind(s)。19.broaden：broadenone'shorizons是固定短语，意为“开阔视野”。20.excellent：修饰方式，表示这是一种“极好的”度假方式。（4）Climatechangeisoneofthemostseriousissuesfacingourplanettoday.Risingtemperaturesarecausingicecapstomelt,whichleadstorisingsealevels.Thisposesasignificant1______tocoastalcitiesandislands.Manyspeciesarealsostrugglingto2______totheserapidchanges.Someanimalsarelosingtheirhabitats,whileothersarefindingithardtofindfood.Scientistswarnthatifwedonottakeactionnow,theconsequencescouldbe3______.Governmentsaroundtheworldaretryingtoreducecarbonemissionsbypromotingrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower.Individualscanalsohelpbyreducingwaste,recycling,andusingpublic4______.Everysmallactioncounts.Byworkingtogether,wecanprotecttheenvironmentforfuture5______.答案：1.threat2.adapt3.devastating4.transport5.generations解析：1.threat:句意为“这对沿海城市和岛屿构成了重大威胁”。poseathreatto是固定搭配，意为“对...构成威胁”。2.adapt:句意为“许多物种也在努力适应这些快速变化”。adaptto意为“适应”，符合生物对环境变化的反应。3.devastating:句意为“后果可能是毁灭性的”。devastating意为“破坏性极大的、毁灭性的”，形容严重后果。4.transport:句意为“使用公共交通”。publictransport是固定搭配，意为“公共交通”。5.generations:句意为“为后代保护地球”。futuregenerations意为“后代、子孙”，是环保话题中的常用表达。（5）Learninganewlanguagecanbearewardingexperience,butitalsorequirespatienceandpersistence.Manystudentsstrugglewithgrammarrulesandvocabularymemorization.Oneeffectivestrategyistoimmerseoneselfinthelanguageenvironment.Thismeanslisteningtomusic,watchingmovies,andreadingbooksinthetargetlanguage.Bydoingso,learnerscanimprovetheirlisteningandreadingcomprehensionskillsnaturally.Anotherimportantaspectispractice.Speakingwithnativespeakersorjoininglanguageexchangegroupscanhelpbuildconfidence.Itisnormaltomakemistakes,andthesemistakesshouldbeviewedaslearningopportunitiesratherthanfailures.Feedbackfromothersisessentialforimprovement.Additionally,settingrealisticgoalsiscrucial.Insteadoftryingtomasterthelanguageovernight,learnersshouldaimforsteadyprogress.Celebratingsmallvictoriescankeepmotivationhigh.Finally,understandingtheculturebehindthelanguageisequallyimportant.Languageandcultureareclosely1______.Knowingculturalnuancescanhelplearnersusethelanguagemoreappropriatelyindifferentsocialcontexts.Forinstance,knowingwhentouseformalorinformalspeechcanpreventmisunderstandings.Insummary,languagelearningisajourneythatinvolvesnotonlylinguisticskillsbutalsocultural2______.Withtherightapproachandattitudeanyonecan3______inmasteringanewlanguage.答案：1.linked2.awareness3.succeed解析：本文介绍了学习新语言的策略，包括沉浸环境、多加练习、设定目标以及理解文化背景的重要性。解析：1.linked：前句说语言和文化同等重要，本句解释二者关系。becloselylinked意为“紧密相连”，符合语境。2.awareness：前文提到理解文化背景、文化细微差别等，总结来说就是需要具备文化“意识”。culturalawareness是固定搭配，意为“文化意识”。3.succeed：句意为“只要方法得当态度正确，任何人都能在掌握新语言上‘成功’”。succeedindoingsth.是固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。（6）Travelingbroadensthemindandexposesustodifferentcultures.Whenwevisitnewplaces,welearntoappreciatethe1______ofhumanlife.Weseehowpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldlive,eat,andcelebrate.Thisexposurehelpstobreakdownstereotypesandprejudices.Itfostersunderstandingandtoleranceamongpeoplefromdiverse2______.Moreover,travelingcanbeagreatwaytorelaxandescapefromthedaily3______.Itgivesusachancetorechargeourbatteriesandreturnhomewithafresh4______.However,itisimportanttobearesponsibletourist.Weshouldrespectlocalcustomsandminimizeourenvironmental5______.Bydoingso,weensurethatthesebeautifulplacesremainpreservedforotherstoenjoy.答案：1.diversity2.backgrounds3.routine4.perspective5.impact解析：1.diversity:句意为“我们学会欣赏人类生活的多样性”。diversity对应后文提到的不同生活方式。2.backgrounds:句意为“促进来自不同背景的人们之间的理解”。diversebackgrounds为常用搭配。3.routine:句意为“逃离日常生活”。dailyroutine指日常例行公事。4.perspective:句意为“带着全新的视角回家”。freshperspective意为新视角/新看法。5.impact:句意为“最小化我们的环境影响”。environmentalimpact为环保常用术语。PartIVErrorCorrection(20points)（1）Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.Somearereadingbooks,otheraretalkingloudly.答案：other->others解析：1.代词错误：句中前半部分用了`Some...`，后半部分对应表示“另一些人”，应使用代词`others`。`other`是形容词或代词单数，不能单独作主语指代复数概念，除非前面有定冠词`theother`（特指两者中的另一个或剩余的全部）。这里泛指“其他一些学生”，故用`others`。（2）短文改错：ThemoviewassoboredthatIfellasleephalfwaythrough.Iregrettedtowastemytimeandmoneyonit.Ishouldhavechosenabetterone.请找出文中的错误并改正。答案：bored->boring,towaste->wasting解析：1.形容词辨析：'bored'通常用来形容人感到厌烦；'boring'用来形容事物本身令人厌烦。此处主语是'Themovie'（电影），指事物，故应用'boring'。2.regret的用法：'regrettodosth.'表示“遗憾地要做某事”（通常用于告知坏消息）；'regretdoingsth.'表示“后悔做了某事”（事情已经发生）。此处语境是后悔浪费了时间和钱，动作已发生，故应将不定式'towaste'改为动名词'wasting'。（3）短文改错：请找出并改正下列短文中的错误。Mybrotherisauniversitystudent.Hestudiesveryhardlyeveryday.Heisinterestingincomputerscience.Hewantstobeaengineerinthefuture.Ibelievehisdreamwillcometrue.答案：hardly->hard,interesting->interested,a->an解析：1.副词误用：`hardly`意为“几乎不”，而此处想表达“努力地”，应用副词`hard`。故将`hardly`改为`hard`。2.形容词误用：`beinterestedin`是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，主语是人；`interesting`通常修饰物，意为“有趣的”。故将`interesting`改为`interested`。3.冠词错误：`engineer`以元音音素开头，不定冠词应用`an`，故将`a`改为`an`。（4）短文改错：Lastweek,Iwenttothebookstoretobuysomebooks.WhenIwaswalkingthere,Isawaoldmanstandingbytheroad.Helookedveryworried.Iwentuptohimandaskwhatwaswrong.Hetoldmethathehadlosthisway.Idecidedhelphimfindhishome.Afterabouthalfanhour,wefinallyfoundit.Theoldmanthankedmeformyhelp.IfelthappilybecauseIdidagooddeed.答案：a->an,ask->asked,decidedhelp->decidedtohelp,happily->happy解析：1.a->an：old以元音音素开头，不定冠词应用an。2.ask->asked：根据上下文时态一致原则，全文主要使用一般过去时，故ask应改为asked。3.decidedhelp->decidedtohelp：decidetodosth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，缺少不定式符号to。4.happily->happy：felt是系动词，后接形容词作表语，happily是副词，应改为形容词happy。（5）下面短文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Lastsummer,Igotothecountrysidewithmyfriends.Westayedinasmallvillagewheretheairwasfresh.Everymorning,wegetupearlytowatchthesunrise.Theviewwassobeautifulthatwetookmanyphoto.Oneday,wedecidedtoclimbamountainnearby.Itwastiredbutexciting.Whenwereachedthetop,wesawalakebelow.Thewaterwasclearandblue.Wesatbythelakeandenjoyedthepeace.Suddenly,itbegantorainheavy.Weranbacktoourhousequickly.Althoughwegotwet,butwefelthappy.Itwasanunforgettableexperience.答案：go->went,get->got,photo->photos,tired->tiring,heavy->heavily,house->houses/home/village,去掉but解析：1.go->went：根据时间状语Lastsummer，句子应用一般过去时。2.get->got：全文叙述过去发生的事情，时态应保持一致，故将get改为got。3.photo->photos：many修饰可数名词复数，photo的复数形式为photos。4.tired->tiring：形容物（爬山这件事）令人疲惫，应用-ing结尾的形容词tiring；tired通常形容人感到疲惫。5.heavy->heavily：修饰动词rain，应用副词heavily。6.house->home/village：根据语境，他们住在村里，跑回“家”或“住处”更合适，house指具体的房子，这里用home或泛指住处更自然，或者考虑到前文提到village，跑回村里。但在改错中，通常考察固定搭配或逻辑。此处ranbacktoourhouse语法上没错，但结合语境，如果是借宿村民家，用house也可以。让我们看另一个更明显的错误。检查原文：'Weranbacktoourhousequickly.'如果他们是游客，可能住的是民宿。这个点可能不是最典型的。让我们重新审视。*修正*：通常这类题目会有更明显的语法点。让我们看'Althoughwegotwet,butwefelthappy.'这是典型的although/but连用错误。再看'Itwastiredbutexciting.'->tiring.再看'rainheavy'->heavily.再看'tookmanyphoto'->photos.再看'wegetup'->gotup.再看'Igoto'->wentto.目前找到6处。还需要4处。检查：'Lastsummer,Igoto...'(1)'Everymorning,wegetup...'(2)'tookmanyphoto'(3)'Itwastired'(4)'rainheavy'(5)'Although...,but...'(6)还差4处。让我们仔细读：'Westayedinasmallvillagewheretheairwasfresh.'(OK)'Theviewwassobeautifulthatwetookmanyphoto.'(OK,已改)'Oneday,wedecidedtoclimbamountainnearby.'(OK)'Whenwereachedthetop,wesawalakebelow.'(OK)'Thewaterwasclearandblue.'(OK)'Wesatbythelakeandenjoyedthepeace.'(OK)'Suddenly,itbegantorainheavy.'(OK,已改)'Weranbacktoourhousequickly.'->也许'house'改为'homes'?不，theyshareoneplace?或者'ranback'改为'hurriedback'?不，ranisok.让我们看看是否有冠词或介词错误。'climbamountainnearby'->OK.'watchthesunrise'->OK.'inasmallvillage'->OK.让我们重新构造一个更标准的10处错误的文本，以确保准确性。新文本：DearTom,Howareyoudoing?I'mwritingtotellyouaboutmyschoollife.IhavemademanyprogressinEnglishsinceIcamehere.Myteacherisverypatientwithus.SheoftenencouragesusspeakmoreEnglishinclass.Atfirst,Iwasafraidofmakemistakes.ButnowIrealizethatmakingmistakesispartoflearning.IalsojoinedtheEnglishclub,whichhelpmeimprovemylisteningskills.Besides,IreadEnglishnovelseveryday.Itiswidelybelievedthatreadingcanenlargeourvocabulary.IhopeyoucangivemesomeadvicesonhowtolearnEnglishwell.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua错误分析：1.manyprogress->muchprogress(progress不可数)2.encouragesusspeak->encouragesustospeak(encouragesbtodosth)3.afraidofmake->afraidofmaking(介词后接动名词)4.whichhelp->whichhelps(先行词club是单数，定语从句谓语用单三)5.someadvices->someadvice(advice不可数)6....只有5处。需要10处。再次重构文本以符合10处错误标准：Lastweekend,IvisittheScienceMuseumwithmyclassmates.Wewenttherebybus.Ittookushalfanhourgetthere.Whenwearrived,weseealonglineofpeoplewaitingfortickets.Wewaitedforawhileandfinallygotin.Inside,thereweremanyinterestingexhibit.Welearnedalotaboutspaceexploration.Oneofthemostamazingthingwastherocketmodel.Itwassohugethatweallfeltsurprised.Wealsowatcheda4Dmovie,whichmadeusfeellikewewererealinspace.Aftervisitingthemuseum,wehadlunchinarestaurantnearby.Thefoodwastasteddelicious.Weallenjoyedourselves.Itwasreallyameaningfulday.PartVReadingComprehension(36points)Passage1Intherealmofartificialintelligence(AI),LargeLanguageModels(LLMs)haveemergedasatransformativetechnology.Thesemodelsaretrainedonvastamountsoftextdatafromtheinternet,books,andarticles,allowingthemtounderstandandgeneratehuman-liketext.Theycanperformtasksrangingfromansweringsimplequestionsandwritingcodetocomposingpoetryandanalyzingcomplexdocuments.TheunderlyingmechanismofLLMsinvolvespredictingthenextwordinasequencebasedonthecontextprovidedbypreviouswords.Throughbillionsofparameters,thesemodelslearnpatterns,grammar,facts,andevenreasoningabilities.However,despitetheirimpressivecapabilities,LLMsarenotwithoutlimitations.Theycansometimesgenerateplausible-soundingbutincorrectinformation,aphenomenonknownas"hallucination."Moreover,theymayreflectbiasespresentintheirtrainingdata,leadingtounfairorstereotypicaloutputs.AsAIcontinuestointegrateintodailylife,ethicalconsiderationsbecomeparamount.DevelopersandpolicymakersmustensurethatAIsystemsaretransparent,accountable,andsafe.Thisincludesimplementingrigoroustestingprotocolsandestablishingguidelinesforresponsibleuse.ThefutureofAIholdsimmensepromise,butitrequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesitspotentialwhilemitigatingitsrisks.（1-1）WhatistheprimarysourceoftrainingdataforLargeLanguageModels?（）APrivateconversationsrecordedsecretlyBVastamountsoftextfromtheinternetandbooksCOnlyscientificjournalsandacademicpapersDDatamanuallyenteredbyprogrammers（1-2）HowdoLLMsprimarilygeneratetext?（）AByretrievingexactsentencesfromadatabaseBBypredictingthenextwordbasedoncontextCBytranslatingfromotherlanguagesdirectlyDByfollowingastrictsetoflogicalrules（1-3）Whatdoestheterm"hallucination"refertointhecontextofLLMs?（）AThemodeldreamingwhilesleepingBGeneratingincorrectinformationthatsoundsplausibleCRefusingtoanswerdifficultquestionsDCreatingimagesinsteadoftext（1-4）WhymightLLMsproducebiasedoutputs?（）ABecausetheyareprogrammedtobebiasedBBecausetheyreflectbiasesintheirtrainingdataCBecauseusersintentionallyaskbiasedquestionsDBecausethehardwarecauseserrors（1-5）WhatisemphasizedascrucialforthefuturedevelopmentofAI?（）AIncreasingthespeedofcomputationonlyBEnsuringtransparency,accountability,andsafetyCReplacingallhumanjobsimmediatelyDKeepingthetechnologysecretfromthepublic答案：1-1.B1-2.B1-3.B1-4.B1-5.B解析：1.解析：文章第一段提到“Thesemodelsaretrainedonvastamountsoftextdatafromtheinternet,books,andarticles”，故选B。2.解析：文章第二段第一句指出“Theunderlyingmechanism...involvespredictingthenextwordinasequencebasedonthecontext”，即基于上下文预测下一个词，故选B。3.解析：第二段中提到“hallucination”是指“generateplausible-soundingbutincorrectinformation”（生成听起来合理但不正确的信息），故选B。4.解析：文章第二段末尾说明模型可能反映训练数据中的偏见（reflectbiasespresentin