阅读理解（巩固培优）（解析版）

阅读理解（解析版）三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型（一）细节理解题专项Growingup,Ihatedexercise,butthingschangedwhenIturned40.Idevelopedapainfulthinginmyneckcausedbyweightincreases.Iwastolditwasn’tdangerousbutcouldleadtolong-termpain.IknewIhadtomakeachange.Ibegandoing15minutesofjumpingropeathomeorswimmingatmylocalgymdaily.Ialsocutoutthechocolateandfastfoodandintroducedahealthierdiet.Ifeltfitterandhappierwithinjustafewdaysofmovingmoreandeatingmorehealthily,butthiskindoflifestylechangeisn’talwayseasyforwomeninmycountry.It’sconsideredaculturalcustom(风俗)forwomentoavoidshowingtheirskin(皮肤)inpublic,whichcanmakegymwearandswimweardifficult.Thismeansmanywomenaren’ttaughttoswimaschildren.Iwantedtoprovetootherwomeninmycountrythatshowingyourskinandexercisingforyourownhealthisnothingtofeelbadabout.Ifelttheneedtohelpthemexperiencetheconfidenceswimmingwasgivingme.Withthesupportofmyparents,Ibegansharingphotosandvideosofmyselfinswimwearandactivelyswimmingonsocialmedia.Ireceivedsomanycommentsfromotherwomenthankingmeandaskingmetoteachthemhowtoswim.Itwasabigdealforthemtoseeme,inmy40s,takingswimmingsoseriouslyandhavingsuchhugerewards(回报),andIjumpedatthechancetohelpthem.Now,threemonthslater,I’maswimmingteacherwithawaitinglistof40womenwhoIteachinperson,insmallgroupsatmylocalgym.Mygoalistomakeitaccessible(可得到的)toeveryone;ifmymumcanjumpintothewateranddotumbleturns(滚翻转身)at71,anyonecan.1.Whatledtheauthortochangeherlifestyle?（）A.Thepaininherneck. B.Hermother’slifestyle.C.Herdoctor’ssuggestion. D.Theincreaseinherstress.2.Whyistheauthor’snewlifestylehardforotherwomeninhercountry?（）A.Theyarenotsupposedtostaylonginpublic.B.Itisconsideredtime-wastingforthemtodoexercise.C.Itisconsideredimpropertoshowtheirskininpublic.D.Theyareoftenaskedtostayathomeandcareforthefamily.3.Whatistheauthor’sparents’attitudetowardhersharingherswimminglifeonline?（）A.Uncaring. B.Supportive. C.Fearful. D.Curious.4.Whatistheauthor’sgoal?（）A.Tobecomeagreatswimmingteacher.B.Toformaswimminggroupatherlocalgym.C.Toencourageher71-year-oldmothertoswim.D.Toteachswimmingtoanyonewhowantstoswim.【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者在40岁时因脖子疼开始改变生活方式，积极锻炼游泳，并在网上分享游泳视频和照片，激励更多的女性积极锻炼的故事。1.细节理解题。根据首段中的“Idevelopedapainfulthinginmyneckcausedbyweightincreases.Iwastolditwasn’tdangerousbutcouldleadtolong-termpain.IknewIhadtomakeachange.(我的脖子因为体重增加而长了一个疼痛的东西。我被告知这并不危险，但可能会导致长期疼痛。我知道我必须做出改变。)”可知，导致作者脖子疼痛的东西不危险，但可能导致长期疼痛，作者决定做出改变，由此可知，是作者的脖子疼痛导致作者决定改变生活方式的。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’sconsideredaculturalcustom(风俗)forwomentoavoidshowingtheirskin(皮肤)inpublic,whichcanmakegymwearandswimweardifficult.(女性避免在公共场合裸露皮肤被认为是一种文化习俗，这让她们很难穿运动服和泳衣。)”可知，作者国家的一种文化习俗是女性应避免在公共场合裸露皮肤，由此可知，作者国家的女性在公共场合裸露皮肤被认为是不合适的，所以作者的新生活方式对她国家的其他女性来说很难。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Withthesupportofmyparents,Ibegansharingphotosandvideosofmyselfinswimwearandactivelyswimmingonsocialmedia.(在父母的支持下，我开始在社交媒体上分享自己穿着泳装积极游泳的照片和视频。)”可知，作者在父母的支持下在社交媒体上分享自己穿着泳装游泳的照片和视频，由此可知，作者的父母对作者在社交媒体上分享游泳生活持支持态度。故选B项。4.细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Mygoalistomakeitaccessible(可得到的)toeveryone;ifmymumcanjumpintothewateranddotumbleturns(滚翻转身)at71,anyonecan.(我的目标是让每个人都能接触到游泳；如果我妈妈在71岁的时候都能跳进水里翻筋斗，那么任何人都可以。)”可知，作者想让每人都接触游泳，并呼吁大家积极加入到游泳中来，由此可知，作者的目标是教任何想游泳的人游泳。故选D项。（二）推理判断题专项InMay2023,Googlereleasedanew,AI-poweredtoolcalled“HelpMeWrite”.Thetoolwritesemailsandformslettersbasedonauser’ssimpleinstructions.Itpromisestogreatlyimproveproductivity.AIisabouttohaveamuchlargerhandinwritingthaneverbefore.Withenoughtraining,anAltoolmayevenbeabletolearnpeople’spreferencesandwriteinamorepersonalstyle.ButAI-writtentextcanalsocausetrouble.AIlanguagemodelshavealreadycreatedcontroversy(争议)byproducingunexpectedcontent,fromunsuitableadvicetoterriblelanguagestyle.Alessertalked-aboutproblemiswhatAI-writtentextwilldotolanguage.TheintroductionofAI-generatedcommunicationmayalsobethedeathknellforendangeredlanguages.IhavebeenspeakingSwissGermandialects(方言)forhalfmylife.SwissGermanarespokenlanguageswithnouniversal(普遍)spelling,butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromwritingindialect.TheintroductionofAI-authoredtexthaschangedthecommunicationamongmySwissfriendgroup.WhenweuseAI,alotoferrorsappearinourtextsandemails.AsAIwritingbecomescommon,there’snoquestionthatmostofuswillgiveupusingSwissGermanandbeginusingformalGerman.Andthat’snotall.AnAItoolmaybeabletocombinewordsincreativeways,orlearnastylefrompastwriting,butitwon’tnaturallyinventnewslang.Wehavenoideawhatthismeansforlanguagedevelopment.So,asweadoptAI-poweredwritingtools,it’sworththinkingabouthowtheywillinfluenceboththeconservationandtheprogressoflanguage.1.Whywas“HelpMeWrite”mentionedinParagraph1?（）A.Toprovideanexample. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.ToadvertiseanAItool. D.Tosupportanargument.2.WhatmightbethedisadvantageofAI-generatedtext?（）A.Itisalittledifficult. B.Ituseswordsincorrectly.C.Itprovidesanswersslowly. D.Itscontentisnotgoodenough.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thedeathknell”inParagraph4mean?（）A.Thesignoftheend. B.Thesymbolofprogress.C.Thechancetogetimprovement. D.Theopportunitytobecomeuniversal.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?（）A.Google’sNewAITool“HelpMeWrite”B.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofAIC.TheInfluenceofAIonWritingandLanguageD.TheFutureofLanguageDevelopmentwithAI【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能写作工具可能带来的问题，重点探讨了其对写作和语言（尤其是濒危方言）的影响。1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“InMay2023,Googlereleasedanew,AI-poweredtoolcalled“HelpMeWrite”.Thetoolwritesemailsandformslettersbasedonauser’ssimpleinstructions.Itpromisestogreatlyimproveproductivity.(2023年5月，谷歌发布了一款名为“帮助我写”的新的人工智能工具。该工具根据用户的简单指令自动编写电子邮件和信件。它有望大大提高生产率。)”以及下文围绕AI写作工具对语言的影响展开论述可知，第一段提出“帮助我写”人工智能工具是为了引出本文的核心话题。故选B项。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段“ButAI-writtentextcanalsocausetrouble.AIlanguagemodelshavealreadycreatedcontroversy(争议)byproducingunexpectedcontent,fromunsuitableadvicetoterriblelanguagestyle.(但人工智能编写的文本也会带来麻烦。人工智能语言模型产生了意想不到的内容，从不合适的建议到糟糕的语言风格，已经引起了争议。)”可推知，AI生成的文本存在内容不合适、语言风格糟糕等问题，即其内容不够好。故选D项。3.词句猜测题。由划线短语前的“Alessertalked-aboutproblemiswhatAI-writtentextwilldotolanguage.(一个较少被提及的问题是人工智能编写的文本会对语言产生什么影响。)”以及下一段中的“AsAIwritingbecomescommon,there’snoquestionthatmostofuswillgiveupusingSwissGermanandbeginusingformalGerman.(随着人工智能写作变得普遍，毫无疑问，我们大多数人将放弃使用瑞士德语，开始使用正式德语。)”可知，作者举例说明人工智能写作会让瑞士德语逐渐消失，由此可推知，这里应表示人工智能是濒危语言的“丧钟”，也就是濒危语言“结束的标志”，所以划线短语的意思应为“结束的标志”。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段“So,asweadoptAI-poweredwritingtools,it’sworththinkingabouthowtheywillinfluenceboththeconservationandtheprogressoflanguage.(因此，当我们采用人工智能驱动的写作工具时，值得思考的是，它们将如何影响语言的保存和进步。)”可知，文章核心围绕AI写作工具对写作和语言的影响展开，标题“人工智能对写作和语言的影响”能概括全文主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。（三）主旨大意题专项Beingavegetarian(素食者)inameat-eatingcultureisn’talwayseasy.Ialwaysgetasked,“Why?Sincewhen?Howcome?”and“Howcanyoustandnoteatingmeat?”Forme,beingavegetarianisn’tstrange;it’sjustwhoandwhatIam.I’msickandtiredofpeoplejudging(评价)mebasedonapersonalchoicethathasnothingtodowiththem.Honestly,Icouldunderstandifmydecisionhadaninfluenceontheirlives,butthethingisitdoesn’t,sotheyshouldjustgetoverit.Ifanything,morepeopleshouldbevegetarians.It’safactthattherearesomehealthbenefitsconnectedwithbeingavegetarian.Someofthesebenefitsincludealowerriskofcancer,heartattacks,andhighbloodpressure.Beingavegetariancanhelppeoplelivealongerlifebecausetheyareeatinghealthilyandnottakinginthefatthatcanbefoundinnon-vegetariandiets.Whilealldietsneedtobebalanced,itispossibletogetprotein,mineralsandnutrientsfromvegetablesources,thoughinlesserquantities(数量).Vegetables,milkandeggshavealltherequirementsyourbodyneedstosurvive.Ifyouarecreative,avegetariandietisfarfromboring.Asvegetablescomeinavarietyoftypesandtastes,theycanbepreparedandeatenincountlessways.Therearesomanyvegetariancookbooks,whichshowsthisisafact.Youcanalsogrowyourownvegetables,whichisverysatisfying.Ifinditfunnywhenpeoplesaythatvegetariansdonotgetenoughenergy(能量)fromtheirdiet.MyansweristomentionDaveScott,thefirstpersontowintheIRONMANWorldChampionship...sixtimes!Yes,surprise,surprise,atthetimehewasavegetarian.Vegetarianismisbetterfortheplanetbecausetheecologicalfootprint(生态足迹)ofvegetariansissmaller.Sonexttimeyouwanttojudgesomeone’spersonalchoicetogoveggie,rememberthattheyhavetheirreasons,nottheleastofwhichareconcernsforanimalsandthestateoftheplanet.1.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutothers’opinionsonhisdiet?（）A.Heisangrywiththem. B.Heiscarefulaboutthem.C.Heisdoubtfulaboutthem. D.Heisuninterestedinthem.2.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutavegetariandiet?（）A.Itstypes. B.Itssources.C.Itspopularity. D.Itsadvantages.3.WhydoestheauthormentionDaveScottinparagraph5?（）A.Toshowwhatavegetariandietis. B.Tosuggestavegetariandietishealthy.C.Topresentastudyonvegetariandiets. D.Toexplorewhysomeathletesarevegetarians.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?（）A.Myroadtobeingavegetarian. B.Neverregretyourownchoice.C.Beingavegetarianismychoice. D.Misunderstandingsaboutvegetariandiets.【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者坚持素食主义的个人选择，回应了他人的质疑，并阐述了素食主义对健康、生活以及地球的好处。1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Forme,beingavegetarianisn’tstrange;it’sjustwhoandwhatIam.I’msickandtiredofpeoplejudging(评价)mebasedonapersonalchoicethathasnothingtodowiththem.Honestly,Icouldunderstandifmydecisionhadaninfluenceontheirlives,butthethingisitdoesn’t,sotheyshouldjustgetoverit.(对我来说，成为一名素食者并不奇怪；这仅仅是我的身份和我的选择。我厌倦了人们根据与我无关的个人选择来评判我。老实说，如果我的决定对他们的生活有影响，我可以理解，但事实并非如此，所以他们应该克服它)”中“sickandtiredof”（厌倦）可推知，作者对别人的看法感到不满和生气。故选A。2.主旨大意题。根据第三段的核心句“Ifanything,morepeopleshouldbevegetarians.It’safactthattherearesomehealthbenefitsconnectedwithbeingavegetarian.(如果有的话，更多的人应该是素食主义者。事实上，素食对健康有一些好处)”以及全段对“降低癌症、心脏病风险”“延长寿命”“获取足够营养”等内容的阐述可知，本段主要讲述了素食饮食的优点。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第五段“Ifinditfunnywhenpeoplesaythatvegetariansdonotgetenoughenergy(能量)fromtheirdiet.MyansweristomentionDaveScott,thefirstpersontowintheIRONMANWorldChampionship...sixtimes!Yes,surprise,surprise,atthetimehewasavegetarian.(我觉得很好笑，当人们说素食者从他们的饮食中得不到足够的能量。我的回答是提到DaveScott，他是第一个赢得IRONMAN世界锦标赛冠军的人……而且赢了六次！是的，令人惊讶的是，他在那个时候是一名素食者)”可推知，作者提到DaveScott是为了举例反驳“素食者能量不足”的观点，证明素食饮食是健康的。故选B。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Forme,beingavegetarianisn’tstrange;it’sjustwhoandwhatIam.(对我来说，成为一名素食者并不奇怪；这仅仅是我的身份和我的选择)”、第三段的健康益处及最后一段的环保价值可知，文章核心围绕“作者选择素食”展开，既回应质疑又阐述好处，因此“吃素是我的选择”最适合作为标题。故选C。（四）词句猜测题专项IntheUSandBritain,thesloganaroundcollegeswas“Savewater.Showerwithafriend.”Now,WuhanUniversityhascomeupwithanothersystemforthecampusbathhouse.Itchargesstudentsfortheamountoftimeinashower.Beforeenteringthebathhouse,studentspayfortheamountoftimetheywantintheshowerwithcashortheirstudentIDcard.Theclockstartstickingtheminutethetapeisturnedon.Itpauseswhenabuttonispressedforsoap.Anintegratedcircuit(IC)cardreaderateachtapshowsthetime.Nomoney,nowater.Thebenefitsofthenewsystemcanbeseenwiththeoldsystem,whichcharged1Yuanforeachpersonregardlessoftimeintheshower.Theuniversityusedabout320tonsofwaterdailyundertheoldsystem,butonly160tonsnow.Manystudentsusethenewsystembutopinionsonitaredivided.Somestudentssayitisbadbecausebathinghadbecomeasortofrace.Manypeopleusingitforthefirsttimearenotsurehowlongtheyneedtoshower.Somemightbeembarrassediftheirtimeisupandthey’restillcoveredinsoap.Theyhavetoaskthebathhouseworkertohelpthembuyextratime.“It’saflawinthesystemthatyoucannotbuyextratimeontheIDcard,”saidRen,afreshmaninWuhanUniversity.Theuniversityisalsoconsideringsomestudents’suggestionsthattheybeallowedtopayafterthey’vefinishedtheshower.Notsurprisingly,somearecomplainingaboutlosingthehourshower.Butmanystudentssaythemovehelpsthemdevelopawater-savingsense.Withoutthetimelimits,moststudentstendedtoshowerfor30toanhourinthebathhouse.Someevenusedthehotwatertowashtheirclothes.“Inmyexperience,10-20minutesisenough,”saidDaiZhihua,athird-yearstudentwhousuallytakes8minutes.Asimilarsystemhasbeeninstalledinotheruniversities.ShanghaiNormalUniversityintroduceditatitsFengxiangCampusinSeptember.Thebathingfeethereis0.2Yuanperminute.Onemalestudentrespondedbysettingarecordwithatwo-minuteshower.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?（）A.Studentspayfortheamountoftimetheywantintheshower.B.Theclocktimesallthroughwhilethestudentisbathingexceptwhenthebatherpausedforsoap.C.Ifmoneyrunsout,therewillbenowater.D.Havingfinishedbathing,thestudenthastopayforit.2.Theunderlineword“flaw”(Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans______.（）A.fault B.convenience C.fortune D.perfection3.Sincethenewsystemhasperformed,______ofwatercanbesaved.（）A.aquarter B.onehalf C.onethird D.twothirds4.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.（）A.thenewoperationcansolvethewatercrisis.B.Thenewoperationcanraisestudents’environmentalawareness.C.asimilaroperationhasbeensetinotheruniversities.D.Theuniversityhassavedalotofwaterbyusingthenewsystem.【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武汉大学为增强学生节约用水意识，在校园澡堂推行的“按时计费洗澡”新举措，以及学生对该举措的不同看法和举措带来的节水效果。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Beforeenteringthebathhouse,studentspayfortheamountoftimetheywantintheshowerwithcashortheirstudentIDcard.(在进入澡堂之前，学生可以用现金或学生证支付他们想要的淋浴时间)”可知，学生需预先支付淋浴时间，而非“洗完澡后付款”。由此可知，D选项“Havingfinishedbathing,thestudenthastopayforit.”与原文不符。故选D。2.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“It’saflawinthesystemthatyoucannotbuyextratimeontheIDcard(这是系统的一个flaw，你无法在身份证上购买额外的时间)”可知，“无法用身份证购买额外时间”是系统存在的不足，因此划线词“flaw”应与“fault（错误，缺陷）”意思接近。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theuniversityusedabout320tonsofwaterdailyundertheoldsystem,butonly160tonsnow.(在旧系统下，该校每天使用约320吨水，但现在只有160吨)”可知，新系统推行后，用水量减少了一半，即节约了一半的水。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“IntheUSandBritain,thesloganaroundcollegeswas“Savewater.Showerwithafriend.”Now,WuhanUniversityhascomeupwithanothersystemforthecampusbathhouse.(在美国和英国，大学周围的标语是“节约用水。和朋友一起洗澡。”现在，武汉大学为校园澡堂设计了另一套系统)”以及第三段中的“Butmanystudentssaythemovehelpsthemdevelopawater-savingsense.(但许多学生表示，这一举措帮助他们培养了节水意识)”可推知，该新举措的核心目的是增强学生的节水意识，即提高学生的环境意识。故选B。（一）Oliver’sjourneywithTaiChibeganinherearly20s,whenshewassufferingfromabackinjury,whichleftherlyinginbedforsixmonths.“Asanactiveyoungsteratthattime,Icouldn’tbearrestinginbed,”sheexplained.“Mymusclesbecamewastedandstiff(僵直的)forlackofuse,andIwasofteninalotofpain.So,Ifeltthatsomephysicalexercisewouldhelp.”ShethendiscoveredTaiChiwhenshespottedbychanceaposteradvertisingclassesanddecidedtotrythemysteriousandexotic(异国的)sport.OliverwasimmediatelystruckbythegentleandbeautifulmovementsofTaiChi,andtoherdelight,foundthatheroccasionalpainsdisappearedafteryearsofpractice.“Itnotonlyhelpsmeimprovephysicalstrength,butalsoprovidesmewithmanymentalbenefits,suchasimprovedmoodandfocus,andlessanxietyanddepression,”sheadded.TofurtherunderstandTaiChiandtheChinesephilosophybehindit,OliverdecidedtobeginajourneytoChina.In2005,OliverestablishedtheDoubleDragonAllianceCulturalCentre,whichactsasabridgeforforeignpeopleseekingtogainabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Thecentresupportskungfumastersinteachingmartialarts(武术)andorganizeseventsforpeopletoexperiencevariousaspectsofChineseculture.ApartfromherTaiChiclasses,OlivernowservesasthedirectoroftheBritishCulturalCentreattheUniversityofShanghai.Reflectingonherwork,Oliversaid,“Forquitemanyyears,myworkisactuallytobelikeaculturalbridge.Ifyoudon’thavesomeoneinthemiddlewhoisappreciativeofalltheculturesandhavethedesiretoconnectpeople,thenit’shardforthemtogettoknoweachother.IhopeIcanbethebridgetobringpeopleclosetogether.Weneedtofostermutualunderstandingamongculturestopromotepeacefulrelationsandfriendshipacrosstheglobe.”1．WhydidOlivertryTaiChi?A．Tosolveamystery. B．Torecoverphysicalability.C．Totreathermentalillness. D．ToadvanceherknowledgeofChina.2．HowwasOliverafterpractisingTaiChi?A．Heroverallwell-beingimproved. B．Shebecameopen-minded.C．Herbackpaincamelessoften. D．Shebecametalkative.3．WhatdidOlivermainlydoinShanghai?A．Givekungfuperformance. B．LearnChinesephilosophy.C．Bridgetheculturalgap. D．Bringkungfumasterstogether.4．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．PractiseTaiChitoRelievePainB．TaiChi:AGlobalCulturalBridgeC．TaiChiEnjoysGreatPopularityAroundtheWorldD．BritishTaiChiMasterBuildsCulturalBridgeinChina【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国太极大师奥利弗在中国建立文化中心，搭建中英文化交流桥梁的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mymusclesbecamewastedandstiff(僵直的)forlackofuse,andIwasofteninalotofpain.So,Ifeltthatsomephysicalexercisewouldhelp.(由于缺乏使用，我的肌肉变得萎缩僵硬，而且我经常感到很疼痛。所以，我觉得一些体育锻炼会有帮助。)”和第三段中“ShethendiscoveredTaiChiwhenshespottedbychanceaposteradvertisingclassesanddecidedtotrythemysteriousandexotic(异国的)sport.(后来，她偶然看到一张宣传太极拳课程的海报，便决定尝试一下这项神秘而充满异域风情的运动。)”可知，奥利弗尝试太极是为了恢复身体机能。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Itnotonlyhelpsmeimprovephysicalstrength,butalsoprovidesmewithmanymentalbenefits,suchasimprovedmoodandfocus,andlessanxietyanddepression,”sheadded.(“太极拳不仅帮助我增强了体力，还给我带来了许多精神上的益处，比如改善了情绪，提高了专注力，减少了焦虑和抑郁情绪，”她补充道。)”可知，奥利弗练习太极后，整体健康状况得到了改善。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ApartfromherTaiChiclasses,OlivernowservesasthedirectoroftheBritishCulturalCentreattheUniversityofShanghai.Reflectingonherwork,Oliversaid,“Forquitemanyyears,myworkisactuallytobelikeaculturalbridge.(除了太极课，奥利弗现在还是上海大学英国文化中心的主任。回顾自己的工作，奥利弗说：“多年来，我的工作实际上就是像一座文化桥梁。”)”可知，奥利弗在上海主要是搭建文化桥梁。故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“Forquitemanyyears,myworkisactuallytobelikeaculturalbridge.Ifyoudon’thavesomeoneinthemiddlewhoisappreciativeofalltheculturesandhavethedesiretoconnectpeople,thenit’shardforthemtogettoknoweachother.IhopeIcanbethebridgetobringpeopleclosetogether.Weneedtofostermutualunderstandingamongculturestopromotepeacefulrelationsandfriendshipacrosstheglobe.(多年来，我的工作实际上就是像一座文化桥梁。如果你中间没有一个人欣赏所有的文化，并且有与人联系的愿望，那么他们就很难相互了解。我希望我能成为拉近人们距离的桥梁。我们需要促进不同文化之间的相互理解，以促进全球的和平关系和友谊。)”可知，文章主要讲述了英国太极大师奥利弗在中国建立文化中心，搭建中英文化交流桥梁的故事。D选项“BritishTaiChiMasterBuildsCulturalBridgeinChina(英国太极大师在中国搭建文化桥梁)”最符合文章标题。故选D。（二）HeritageTour:AVictorianChristmasArelaxedseasonaltourofour200yearoldbuilding,aformerchurchwhichnowhousesFabrica,anartsorganisation.Joinexperiencedtourleaders,ColetteandLucy,foraspecialtouroftheformerHolyTrinityChapel.Atthiseventyouwilldiscovertwowell-knownfigures:Writer,FrederickWilliamRobertsonandartist,HenryHolidaywhocontributedtothelifeandartoftheVictorianage.HearmoreaboutwhatChristmaswaslikeinVictorianBrightonandgetintothespiritofChristmasinourbeautifulspace.Thiswillbealight-heartedandenjoyableevent.TheTourwillbetakingplacetwiceonthisdate:●TOUR1(10:15a.m.-11:30a.m.)●TOUR2(11:30a.m.-1:15p.m.)DoorsandFabrica’scharity(慈善)caféopenat10:15a.m.—enjoyapieandhotdrinks.Includingmulledwine(热红酒)inourbeautifulformerchurch,andexploreourartshopwhereyouwillfindsomeuniqueandcreativehandicrafted(手工的)giftsandourheritagebookIfTheseWallsCouldTalk.InTOUR2,therewillbehalfanhourleftattheendforquestionsandchat,totakeafinallookaroundandtakeadvantageofourcharitycaféandshop.Bothtoursaresuitableforallages.Theplacehasconveniententranceandspecialbathroomsforpeoplewhohavetroublewalking.Pleaseletusknowifyouhaveanyotherrequirementsandwewilltryourbesttoaccommodateyou,orvisitourAccessibilityPagetofindoutmore.ForFabrica’sfullprogrammeofeventspleasevisit.uk/whatson.1．Whatcantouristslearnaboutinthetour?A．Afamousleader. B．Theartofwriting.C．Apopularorganization. D．ThelifeinVictorianage.2．Whenaretouristsbegintoraisequestions?A．At11:30a.m.. B．At12:45p.m.. C．At1:00p.m.. D．At1:15p.m..3．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Adiary. C．Areport. D．Awebpage.【答案】1．D2．B3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章提供了维多利亚圣诞遗产之旅的相关信息。维多利亚圣诞遗产之旅带领游客探索200年历史的教堂，了解维多利亚时代的艺术与生活。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Atthiseventyouwilldiscovertwowell-knownfigures:Writer,FrederickWilliamRobertsonandartist,HenryHolidaywhocontributedtothelifeandartoftheVictorianage.(在这次活动中，你将发现两位知名人物：作家FrederickWilliamRobertson和艺术家HenryHoliday，他们为维多利亚时代的生活和艺术做出了贡献)”以及第二段第一句“HearmoreaboutwhatChristmaswaslikeinVictorianBrightonandgetintothespiritofChristmasinourbeautifulspace.(听听维多利亚时代布莱顿的圣诞节是什么样的，在我们美丽的空间里感受圣诞节的气氛)”可知，这次旅途会让游客了解维多利亚时代布莱顿的圣诞节是什么样子。维多利亚时代的圣诞节属于生活范畴。即游客在旅行中可以了解到维多利亚时代的生活，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据TOUR2的时间段“●TOUR2(11:30a.m.-1:15p.m.)(第二场游览（上午11:30至下午1:15）)”以及倒数第三段中“InTOUR2,therewillbehalfanhourleftattheendforquestionsandchat,totakeafinallookaroundandtakeadvantageofourcharitycaféandshop.(在第二场游览中，活动结束前将留有半小时时间供大家提问、交流，也可以最后四处参观一下，还能好好利用我们的慈善咖啡馆和商店)”可知，第二场旅行11:30开始，1:15结束，最后半小时用于提问和聊天，由此可知，游客提问的时间开始于下午12:45，故选B。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ForFabrica’sfullprogrammeofeventspleasevisit.uk/whatson.(如需了解Fabrica的完整活动安排，请访问.uk/whatson)”可知，文中提供了网页链接，由此可推断，文章可能来自一个网页。故选D。（三）Companiesareusedtocelebratingaddition.Profits,customersandsharepricesshouldgoupratherthanfall.Largernumbersareameasureofcareersuccess:managersgetpromotedbytakingonmorereports,runninghigherbudgetsandearningbiggersalaries.Companiesarenotalwaysagainstsubtraction(减法).Thoughnotawelcomeone,reducingcostsisanecessarypartofmanagement,whichisoftenundervalued.Thebestbossesarethosewhotakethingsawayaswellasaddthemon.Thatmeansclearingtimeforemployeestogetworkdone.Meetingsarealmostalwayscalledbybosses,butonlysomeofthemareuseful.Shopify,ane-commercecompany,begantheyearbysubtracting12,000meetingsfromtheirschedules,andreportedariseinproductivityasaresult.Subtractionisnotjustaboutremovingday-to-daydistractions(干扰).It’salsoabouttakingdecisionstokilloffprojectsandproductsthataregoingnowhere,andtofocuseffortsonthemostimportantparts.PeterDrucker,amanagementtheorist,wasasupporterof

“plannedsubtraction”,sothatresourcesthataretiedupinminoractivitiesarefreedformoreprofitableuse.Bossesshould,headvised,alwaysaskthesamequestionofeverydetailofthecompany:“Ifwedidnotdothis,woulditbeanydifferent?”InTheCaseforGoodJobs,anewbook,ZeynepTonofMITSloanSchoolofManagementarguesthatdoinglesscanoftenmakesense.Costco,afamousAmericansupermarketthatbelievesinthe“smartlossofsales”,haspurposelylimitedproductchoices.Thatmeansitcanfocusitsbuyingpowermoreeffectively,forecastdemandmoreaccuratelyanduseitsemployees’timemoreproductively.“Less”maynotsoundlikeagreatresultforcustomers,butatsomepointchoiceisdeeplytiring.Whenyouhavespentmoretimetryingtodecidewhattowatchonastreamingservicethanittakestogotothecinemaandwatchthesamefilmtwice,fewchoicesseemprettyattractive.1．WhydoestheauthormentionthecompanyShopifyinparagraph2?A．Topresentafact.B．Todrawaconclusion.C．Tosupportanopinion.D．Tomakeacomparison.2．WhichstatementdoesPeterDruckermostlikelyagreewith?A．Companiesshouldquitunpromisingtasks.B．Bossesshouldgiveupprofitsforresources.C．Bossesshouldn’tremoveeverydaydistractions.D．Companiesshouldfocusonsomeunfinishedwork.3．Whichofthefollowingmeasuresisregardedaseffective“doingless”commercially?A．Storesgivecustomersmoretimetoshop.B．Cinemasrunonlyoneparticularfilmaday.C．Streamingwebsitesuploadmorenewmovies.D．Supermarketsofferalimitedvarietyofgoods.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Thebestcompaniescelebrateaddition.B．Thebestbossesknowhowtosubtractwork.C．Companiesusenumberstomeasuresuccess.D．Smartbossesgoagainsttheideaofsubtraction.【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章指出企业管理中减法的重要性，优秀老板应删减会议、淘汰无前景项目，如Shopify和Costco的成功案例所示。1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Meetingsarealmostalwayscalledbybosses,butonlysomeofthemareuseful.Shopify,ane-commercecompany,begantheyearbysubtracting12,000meetingsfromtheirschedules,andreportedariseinproductivityasaresult.(会议几乎总是由老板召集，但只有一部分有用。电子商务公司Shopify年初从日程中减去了12,000场会议，结果效率有所提高)”可知，作者先提出“部分会议无意义，减少干扰可提升效率”的观点，再以Shopify的案例说明“减法”的有效性。引用该案例是为了支持前文观点。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“PeterDrucker,amanagementtheorist,wasasupporterof‘plannedsubtraction’,sothatresourcesthataretiedupinminoractivitiesarefreedformoreprofitableuse.(管理理论家彼得・德鲁克支持‘有计划的减法’，以便将束缚在次要活动中的资源释放出来，用于更有利润的用途)”及“Bossesshould,headvised,alwaysaskthesamequestionofeverydetailofthecompany:‘Ifwedidnotdothis,woulditbeanydifferent?’(他建议，老板应该总是对公司的每个细节问同一个问题：‘如果我们不做这件事，会有什么不同吗？’)”可知，德鲁克主张放弃无前景的任务，将资源集中在高价值事项上。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Costco,afamousAmericansupermarketthatbelievesinthe‘smartlossofsales’,haspurposelylimitedproductchoices.Thatmeansitcanfocusitsbuyingpowermoreeffectively,forecastdemandmoreaccuratelyanduseitsemployees’timem