高三英语9月学情检测模拟试卷（原卷）

高三英语9月学情摸底检测新高考II卷题型·满分120分（不含听力）本卷不含听力部分，题号自21开始，与高考真题保持一致。满分120分，建议用时100分钟。姓名：____________班级：____________学号：____________第一部分阅读（共两节，满分分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInJuly1986,workersatabrickfactoryinsouthwesternChinawerediggingforclaywhentheystrucksomethingunexpected:dozensofdazzlingpiecesofjade.Thechancefindledtooneofthegreatestarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofmoderntimes—Sanxingdui,asitenowfamousforitsgoldmasks,toweringbronzefiguresand12-foot-tallbronze"sacredtrees".Theartifactsstirredquestionsthatstillpuzzleexpertsfourdecadeslater.Howcouldacivilisationboastinggoldandbronzemasterpiecesvanishalmostovernight,leavingnowrittenrecordorhumanremains?Whydiditseemtohavesmashedandburieditstreasuresinceremonialpits?Themysteryonlydeepenedwiththediscoveryofsixmoresuchpitsinrecentyears.RanHonglin,theleadarchaeologist,builtclimate-controlledsheltersandusedAItoreassemblemillionsofbrokenpieces.Cluesinthegroundtellawiderstory:hundredsofneatlyarrangedivorytusksandseashells—inaregionwithnowildelephantsandfarfromanycoast—suggesttradewithSoutheastAsia,whilegoldscepterspointtopossibleinfluencefromCentralAsiaoreventheMiddleEast.Moststrikingofall,SanxingduichallengestheoldbeliefthatChinesecivilisationbegansolelyalongtheYellowRiver.Thesite,nearly500milessouthwestinSichuan,showsthatancientChinahadmultiplecentresthattogetherbecamewhatwecallChina."ItputsadifferentfaceonChinesecivilisation,"Ransaid.21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AlostcivilisationthatisreshapinghowweseetheoriginsofChina.B.TheconstructionoftheTerracottaArmynearthecityofXi'an.C.HowmodernAIhelpsrebuildbrokenpiecesofancientpottery.D.WhyarchaeologistsbelievethepeopleofSanxingduicamefromspace.22.WhatmakesSanxingduiespeciallypuzzlingtoexperts?A.ItliesonthebanksoftheYellowRiverincentralChina.B.Itstreasureswereallmadeofcheapclayandwood.C.Itvanishedwithoutwrittenrecordsorremainsdespiteitsglory.D.Itwasdiscoveredonlyinthepastfewyearsbylocalfarmers.23.WhatcanweinferaboutSanxingdui'scontactwithotherregions?A.Theartifactswereallmanufacturedlocallywithnooutsidelink.B.WildelephantsoncelivedwidelyacrosstheSichuanbasin.C.ThesitetradedonlywithcitiesalongtheYellowRiver.D.IthadconnectionswithSoutheastAsiaandperhapstheMiddleEast.BLikeachampionwhohasstayedtoolongatthetop,thelithium-ionbatteryisstagnating.Afterdecadesoftweaks,itsimprovementsarenearingtheirtheoreticallimits,yetdemandkeepsclimbing:electricvehiclesareexpectedtomakeup30%ofcarsalesin2026,andglobalbatteryusecouldrisebyalmost40%thisdecade.Solid-statebatteriesareamongthemostexcitingalternatives.Byreplacingtheflammableliquidelectrolytewithsolidslabs,theypackmoreenergyintothesamespace—upto500watt-hoursperkilogram,againstabout300fortoday'scells—andsharplycutfirerisk.InJanuary,researchersinShenzhenmadeabreakthroughwithahybridceramic-polymerelectrolytethatletsionsflowsmoothlywithoutcracking.Otherhurdlesremain.AMarchpaperfromMITfoundthatdendritecrystals,whichcanshort-circuitabattery,actuallygrowwhenchemicalreactionsweakentheelectrode—notsimplyfromexcesslithiumonthesurface.Solidelectrolytesalsoopenthedoortosodium,whichis1,000timesmoreabundantandfarcheaperthanlithium,allowingreactivesodium-metalanodesthatliftenergydensitytoward500Wh/kg.Manufacturingischangingtoo.'Dry-electrode'methodspressdrypowdertogether,cuttingenergyusebyhalfandcostsbyafifth.Ambitiouspromisesarebecomingreal:CATLplanssolid-statebatteriesby2027andasodium-ioncarbymid-2026,whileSamsungandToyotahavepledgedmassproductionofsolid-statecellsby2027.24.Whatishappeningtothelithium-ionbatteryaccordingtothepassage?A.Itsimprovementsareapproachingtheirtheoreticallimits.B.Ithasbecometoolargetofitinsidemodernsmartphones.C.Globaldemandforithasfallentonearlyzero.D.Itnolongercatchesfireinhouseholddevicesatall.25.WhatdidtheShenzhenresearchersachievewiththeirnewdesign?A.Theybuiltaworkingbatteryentirelyoutofpuregold.B.Theyremovedallelectrolytesfromthebatterystructure.C.Theyusedaceramic-polymermixlettingionsflowwithlesscracking.D.Theydoubledthetotalweightofthebatteryonpurpose.26.WhatdidtheMITstudyconcludeaboutdendritecrystals?A.Theyformonlywhenthebatteryisusedincoldweather.B.Theygrowwhenchemicalchangesweakentheelectrode.C.Theygrowmainlyfromtoomuchlithiumontheanodesurface.D.Theyhelpabatterylastmuchlongerthanexpected.27.Whatisthemainideaofthewholepassage?A.Lithium-ionbatterieswilldisappearfromthemarketverysoon.B.OnlyTeslaiscapableofmakingsolid-statebatteriestoday.C.Sodiumisactuallymorecostlyandrarerthanlithium.D.Newbatterytechnologiespromisesafer,denser,fasteralternatives.CIfartificialintelligencecantranslateeverythinginstantly,whybotherlearningaforeignlanguage?Farfrommakinglanguageskillsobsolete,near-perfecttranslationhasactuallyhighlightedtheirunique,irreplaceablevalue.Thecognitivecaseisstrong.Multilingualismisshowntoimprove'executivefunction'—theabilitytoignoredistractionsandplancomplextasks—andbilingualstendtodevelopdementiaaboutfouryearslateronaverage.Learningalanguagerewiresthebrain;anappcanonlyeverbeacrutch.Theworkplaceagrees.TheFinancialTimesnotesthatintheAIage,languageskills'canmakeorbreakcareers'.AForbesstudyfoundthat40%ofmultilingualemployeessaidtheirlanguageabilityhelpedthemlandajob,andtheyearned19%morethansingle-languagepeers.Trust,builtthroughdirecthumancontact,isnotsomethingascreencansupply.ThatiswhyplatformslikeDuolingoareseeingrecordgrowthevennow.AIcantranslatethe'what',butnotthe'how'and'why'—thesubtleemotionandsharedculturebehindwords.Inaworldwhereeveryonehasthesametools,thepersonwhocanspeakaclient'slanguagenativelyholdsarealedge.Humanconnectionremainsthegoldstandard.28.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheriseofAItranslation?A.Ithasmadethestudyofforeignlanguagescompletelyuseless.B.Ithasrevealedtheirreplaceablevalueofhumanlanguageability.C.Itreplacestheneedforanyface-to-facehumancontact.D.IthelpsonlynativespeakersofEnglishinbusiness.29.Whatcognitivebenefitofbilingualismismentionedinthetext?A.Aguaranteedhighersalaryandnothingelse.B.Aperfectandphotographicmemoryforallfacts.C.Alateronsetofdementiabyaboutfouryearsonaverage.D.Anoticeablyfasterrunningspeedthanmonolinguals.30.Whatdoesthephrase'arealedge'inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Aphysicalborderorsharpsideofsomething.B.Ararenaturalgiftoneisbornwith.C.Acompetitiveadvantageoverotherpeople.D.Adifficultproblemthatneedssolving.31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardlearninglanguagesintheAIage?A.Discouraging—AItranslationisalreadygoodenoughforeveryone.B.Neutral—theauthortakesnoclearpositionatall.C.Criticalofemployeeswhospeakmorethanonelanguage.D.Supportive—itbuildsbrainpowerandculturalfluencyAIlacks.DHuangZhen,34,closedhiscafeforadaytobeknockedoffhisfeetbysurgingwaterand165-kphwinds—allinasimulatedtyphoon.HewasoneofadozenpeopleattheLvxingDisasterSimulationTrainingCenterinHangzhou,whichcharges1,599yuanadaytoletparticipantsfeelastorminwetsuitsandhelmets.Thecentresaysitisthefirstofitskindintheworld.Sinceopening,morethan160,000people—students,officeworkersandrescuestaff—haveattended.ClimatechangeismakingChina'sweatherhardertopredict;theNationalClimateCenterexpecteduptosixtyphoonsinJuly,againstalong-termaverageof3.8.Forthosewhomeetextremeweatheronlythroughascreen,thesimulatorsofferasharpersenseofitsdanger.AmongsomeyoungChinesetheideahasbecomeaformof'darktourism'—traditionallylinkedtoplacesofdeathorcatastrophe,butherethedisasterisrecreated,notremembered.Themixoffear,noveltyandpracticaltraininghasdrawnattentiononline.ChiefinstructorWangKuanghanplansfivemorecentresinthreeyears,yethisadviceforarealtyphoonisplain:stayindoorsandkeepsafe.Behindthefunliesaseriousquestion:whereisthelinebetweeneducationandentertainment?Participantsknowtheycanstepoutatanymoment.Arealfloodoffersnosuchguarantee.Still,becausetheexperienceiscontrolled,visitorscanlearnhowitfeelstolosebalanceinstrongwindorwadethroughrisingwater—andperhapsbebetterpreparedbeforepaniceversetsin.32.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ArealtyphoonthatrecentlystruckthecityofHangzhou.B.Chinesepeoplepayingtosimulatedisastersfortrainingandawareness.C.Howtobuildaprofessionalweather-forecastingstation.D.Whytyphoonsarebecomingfarrareraroundthecountry.33.HowmuchdoesthetrainingattheHangzhoucentrecost?A.Itiscompletelyfreeforallcollegestudents.B.Itcharges165yuanforeverysinglehour.C.Itcosts1,599yuanperdayforeachparticipant.D.Itusesexactly900tonsofwaterpersession.34.Whyisthetrenddescribedasaformof'darktourism'?A.Itinvolvesvisitingrealdisastersitestomournthedead.B.Itrecreatesdisastersforpeopletofeelfear,likedarktourismbutsimulated.C.Itisdesignedonlyforprofessionalmournersandhistorians.D.ItisofficiallybannedacrossmainlandChinatoday.35.WhatischiefinstructorWangKuanghan'skeyadviceforarealtyphoon?A.Gooutsideimmediatelytofilmthestrongwinds.B.Driveasfastaspossibletohigherground.C.Callthetrainingcentreforanemergencyrescue.D.Simplystayindoorsandkeepyourselfsafeathome.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的七个选项（A–G）中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyAILabsAreHiringSoManyPhilosophersTenyearsago,artsstudentsweretoldto"learntocode"tostayemployable.Thatmayhavebeenbadadvice.____(36)____In2024,7%ofcomputer-sciencegraduateswereunemployed,againstjust5.1%ofphilosophygraduates.ManyarebeinghiredbyAIfirmsevenbeforegraduation.PhilosophyoffersAIresearcherslessonsthatareancientyeturgent.TheSocraticmethodusesfeignedignoranceandquestioningtospotcontradictions.____(37)____Modelstrainedthiswayarelesskeenonpeople-pleasingandmorewillingtopursuethetruth.Thenthereis"Socraticignorance"—knowinghowmuchonedoesnotknow—whichhelpslimitoverconfidence.Philosophyalsoshapesamodel'soutlook.FeedanAIthewritingsofJohnLockeanditwillfavourstrongpropertyrights.____(38)____OnewidelyusedapproachisAIconstitutionalism,whichbuildsmodelsaroundrulesdrawnfromphilosophicalandlegaltexts.Thebiggestquestioniswhatrulestoputinthoseconstitutions.Philosophersfocusontwoframeworks.Oneisdeontology,whichforbidslyingortreatingpeoplemerelyasameans.____(39)____Theotherisconsequentialism,whichweighscostsagainstbenefits—thelogicbehindself-drivingcarsandAIweapons.Thornyproblemsremainaphilosopher'sfavouritesort.____(40)____Criticswarnof"moraldeskilling":ifcomputersmakeethicalcalls,willpeoplelosethewilltojudgeforthemselves?Forunemployedcoders,thereisnoshortageofworkforphilosophersofAI.A.TodayitisprogrammerswhofearthatAImaytaketheirjobs.B.Thismethodtrainsmodelstoclarifymeaninginsteadofsimplypleasingtheuser.C.Italsohelpsbuildersdecidehowtobalancepersonalfreedomagainstthecommongood.D.Suchmodelsareusuallymorehonestandeasiertokeepinlinewiththelaw.E.Shouldmachinestakeanimalwelfareorthestateoftheenvironmentintoaccount?F.Learningcomputercodeisstilltheonlysafepathtoagoodjob.G.Philosophershavenousefulplaceinmoderntechnologycompanies.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。TheKeeperTheyCalled'LittleGrandmother'IttookCapeVerdegoalkeeperVozinhaallofhis40yearstomakehisWorldCup____(41)____.Thelongwaitwaswortheverysecond.Vozinhamadeseven____(42)____,holdingSpain'sstar-filledteamtoashocking0-0draw.TheSpanishplayersandfansgrew____(43)____eventhoughtheytook27shots.NoteventeenagesuperstarLamineYamalcould____(44)____pasthimandtheCapeVerdedefence.Asthefinalwhistleblew,Vozinha____(45)____overnearhisnetandcriedbeforehisteammateshuggedhim.CapeVerde,initsfirstWorldCupmatch,hadtakenapointfromthe2010____(46)____.Foranationofabout500,000,itwasahistoricmomentfewhadexpected.Vozinhathoughtoflovedoneswhoneversawthisnight—hisgrandparentswhoraisedhim,andhismother.Shehadfailedto____(47)____enoughmoneyintimeforaU.S.visa.CapeVerdewasamongcountrieswhosecitizensfacebondsofupto$15,000.Thekeeper'sjourneywasunlikely.Hedidnotturnprofessionaluntil25,andlaterplayedinMoldova,Cyprus,SlovakiaandPortugal.Healmost____(48)____fromthenationalteam,butsaidhe'continuedbecauseofthisdream.'"Vozinha"means____(49)____inPortuguese—ataggivenbykidswhobeathimandlaughed.Fansworldwidenoticed:hisInstagramfollowingjumpedfrom50,000to2.4millionwithinhours.TeammatePicoLopescalledhima"big____(50)____"whoshowsagedoesn'tmatter.DefenderStevenMoreirasaidVozinhapushesteammatestobebetter,'leadingby____(51)____.'Ifhismothercanattendthenextmatch,shemayfinallyseehersononfootball'sbiggest____(52)____.Theveterankeeperwas____(53)____,racingacrossthegoaltoblockshotaftershot.Hisgrandparents____(54)____afewyearsago,yethisstoryofan____(55)____journeytotheWorldCupstagekeepsinspiringfansfarbeyondfootball.41.A.debutB.bowC.appearanceD.premiere42.A.stopsB.savesC.clearancesD.interceptions43.A.impatientB.restlessC.frustratedD.desperate44.A.breakB.slipC.sneakD.get45.A.bentB.leanedC.doubledD.hunched46.A.winnerB.favouriteC.championD.titleholder47.A.saveB.raiseC.gatherD.secure48.A.withdrewB.steppeddownC.quitD.retired49.A.aliasB.nicknameC.monikerD.codename50.A.iconB.veteranC.legendD.inspiration51.A.exampleB.instanceC.preceptD.action52.A.arenaB.pitchC.platformD.stage53.A.tirelessB.relentlessC.unyieldingD.indefatigable54.A.leftB.diedC.partedD.passed55.A.improbableB.extraordinaryC.unlikelyD.unthinkable第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。NvidiaandtheAIBoomNvidiawasnamedin1993aftertheLatinwordforenvy.Itsgraphics-processingunits(GPUs),thechips____(56)____(power)artificialintelligence,havemadeittheworld'smost____(57)____(value)company,worth$5.4trillion.Nextyearitmaybecomethemostprofitable,generating$370bninnetincome.JensenHuang,Nvidia'sboss,isthemagicianattheheartoftheAIboom.Hisfirm'ssharepriceis14times____(58)____itwaswhenChatGPTwasreleasedinlate2022.Nvidiaaloneaccounts____(59)____8%oftheS&P500index,anditisalmostsolelyabetonAI.YetsomeseeMrHuangasamagicianinaworryingsense,fearingheisinflatingadangerousbubble.Through$1trillionofdeals,Nvidia____(60)____(provide)cashorguaranteessothatAIlabscanbuyitsGPUs.Somecallitthe"bankofAI".Itscriticssaythefinancialengineering____(61)____(remind)themofthevendorfinancingthatpumpedupCiscointhedotcomboomof2000-01.Lookcloser,____(62)____,andthew