湖南省2026-2027学年高二上学期入学检测英语试卷（含解析）

湖南省2026-2027学年高二上学期入学检测英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解ImproveYourFeedbackSkills—OctoberOnlineCourse“ImproveYourFeedback(反馈)Skills”isanonlinecourserecognizedbytheCPDCertificationService,designedforprofessionalseagertomastertheartoffeedback.ThecourserunsthroughoutOctober,withnewcontentaddedweekly.Learnerscanstartstraightawayandjoinaglobalclassroomanytime.CourseSummaryWeek1:FeedbackSkills—beginwithacourseoverviewandgettoknowfellowlearners.Thenmastertheartofdeliveringnegative,constructive(建设性的),andqualityfeedback.Week2:ConstructiveDialogue—exploretechniquesthatkeepconversationsfocusedonimprovementratherthancriticism.Learntoapproachchallengingconversationsandunderstanddifferentpointsofview.Week3:LastingImprovement—explorepracticalfeedbacktoolsfortrackingprogressandimprovingperformance.Bringtogetherkeyideastodevelopanactionplanforleadingconstructiveconversationswithgreaterconfidence.WhatYou’llAchieveBytheendofthecourse,youwillbeabletoexplainthesignificanceofconstructivefeedback,makeuseoffeedbacktoolstotrackperformance,structureconversationsfordeliveringnegativefeedback,andmanageemotionalresponseseffectively.MoreReasonstoJoin·RecognizedbytheCPDCertificationService,aleadingindependentprofessionalorganizationsince1996·Meetfellowlearnersandjoinactivediscussionsoneverystep·Flexiblelearning—startanytimeandlearnatyourownspeed·Idealfortechnicalprofessionals,teamleaders,andmanagersStayconnectedthroughthecoursewebsiteforupdatesonweeklymaterialsanddiscussionforums.Whetheryouaimtostrengthenworkplacerelationshipsorsupportteamgrowth,thiscourseofferspracticalskillsyoucanapplyimmediately.1.WhatisthefocusofWeek2ofthecourse?A.Deliverynegativefeedbackinaproperway.B.Keepingconversationsaimedatimprovement.C.Usingtoolstotrackperformanceandprogress.D.Developingadetailedactionplanwithconfidence.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthecourse?A.Itisfreeofchargeforteamleaders.B.Itrequireslearnerstoattendfixeddailyclasses.C.Itisintendedonlyforseniormanagersinlargecompanies.D.Itisrecognizedbyaformalprofessionalorganization.3.Whatdoesthecourseoffer?A.Agloballyrecognizedcertification. B.Monthlyupdatesoncoursematerials.C.Practicalskillsthatcanbeusedrightaway. D.Acertainimprovementinteamperformance.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了一门十月在线反馈技巧课程的内容、收获及参与理由。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据CourseSummary部分中“Week2:ConstructiveDialogue—exploretechniquesthatkeepconversationsfocusedonimprovementratherthancriticism.(第二周：建设性对话——探索使对话聚焦于改进而非批评的技巧)”可知，第二周的重点是让对话聚焦于改进。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中““ImproveYourFeedback(反馈)Skills”isanonlinecourserecognizedbytheCPDCertificationService,designedforprofessionalseagertomastertheartoffeedback.(“提升你的反馈技巧”是一门获得CPD认证服务机构认可的在线课程，专为渴望掌握反馈艺术的专业人士设计)”可知，该课程获得了CPD认证服务机构这一独立专业组织的认可。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Whetheryouaimtostrengthenworkplacerelationshipsorsupportteamgrowth,thiscourseofferspracticalskillsyoucanapplyimmediately.(无论你的目标是加强职场关系还是支持团队成长，这门课程都提供你可以立即应用的实用技能)”可知，该课程提供可以立即应用的实用技能。HansChristianAndersenwasbornonApril2,1805,inOdense,Denmark,intodeeppoverty.Hisfather,ashoemaker,filledhisimaginationwithfolktales(故事)andbuilthimatoytheater;hismotherwasawasherwoman.WhenAndersenwaseleven,hisfatherdied,leavingtheboylargelyonhisown.In1819,theclumsyteenagertraveledalonetoCopenhagen,determinedtobecomefamousasanactor,singer,ordancer.HetriedoutattheRoyalDanishTheatrebutwasturneddown.Despitethissetback,Andersen’srawtalentdrewtheattentionofJonasCollin,atheatredirectorwhobecamehislifelongbenefactor(赞助人).Collinarrangedforhimtoattendgrammarschool,firstinSlagelseandlaterinHelsingor.Thisprovedatoughexperience,astheteenageAndersenwasplacedamongmuchyoungerstudentsandstruggledwithatoughheadmaster.Yethedidn’tgiveup,andin1828heenteredtheUniversityofCopenhagen,havingalreadystartedpublishingpoetryandliterature.Andersenpracticallyinventedthewritingofeventyr—theadventurefairytale,orfantastictale—breakingsharplywiththewritingtraditionofhistime.UnliketheBrothersGrimm,whocollectedfolktales,Andersenwroteoriginalstoriesinaneveryday,spokenstyle,asifaddressingachild.Thiswasrevolutionary:noseriouswriterhadpreviouslyusedsucheverydaylanguageforchildren.Hisfirsttales—including“TheTinderBox”,“Thumbelina”,and“ThePrincessandthePea”—appearedin1835.Overfourdecades,heproducedabout156talesthathavebeentranslatedintoover125languages,makinghimoneofthemosttranslatedauthorsinhistory.Andersen’stalentliesinhisstyle,humor,anddirectaddresstothereader.Hegavevoicestoordinaryobjects—toys,flowers,householditems—makingthemunforgettableprotagonists(主人公).Beneaththeirseeminglysimplesurface,histalestalkaboutsociety’sproblems,makefunoftheworld,andshowemotionaldepth.Thisuniqueblendallowshisstoriestoappealtoandchallengereadersofallages,securinghistimelesslegacy.4.WhatdidAndersenaimtobecomeatfourteen?A.Atheatredirector. B.Aperformeronthestage.C.Ashoemakerlikehisfather. D.Afamouswriteroffairytales.5.WhatcanweinferaboutAndersen’sschoolyears?A.Hewaswarmlywelcomedbyyoungerclassmates.B.Hisheadmasterofferedhimspecialliteraryguidance.C.Hewentthroughhardshipbuteventuallyovercameit.D.Hisrawtalentwasdiscoveredthroughformaleducation.6.HowdidAndersen’stalesdifferfromtheBrothersGrimm’s?A.TheywerebasedonDanishfolktales.B.Theywerelongerandmoredifficulttounderstand.C.Theywerebasedontheauthor’sownexperiences.D.Theywereoriginalstoriesinaconversationalstyle.7.WhydoAndersen’stalesappealtoreadersofallages?A.Theyarehumorousandfantastic.B.Theyhavedeepermeaningsunderasimplesurface.C.Theywerewrittenseparatelyforchildrenandadults.D.Theyweretranslatedintomanylanguages.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】文章讲述了丹麦童话作家安徒生从贫困少年成长为世界级文学巨匠的人生历程，重点介绍了他独特的创作风格及其作品的持久魅力。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In1819,theclumsyteenagertraveledalonetoCopenhagen,determinedtobecomefamousasanactor,singer,ordancer.(在1819年，这个笨拙的少年独自前往哥本哈根，决心成为著名的演员、歌手或舞者。)”可知，安徒生14岁时去哥本哈根是想当舞台表演者。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisprovedatoughexperience,astheteenageAndersenwasplacedamongmuchyoungerstudentsandstruggledwithatoughheadmaster.Yethedidn’tgiveup,andin1828heenteredtheUniversityofCopenhagen,havingalreadystartedpublishingpoetryandliterature.(这段求学经历十分艰难，少年安徒生被安排和年龄小很多的学生一起上课，还要应付一位严厉的校长。但他没有放弃，并在1828年考入哥本哈根大学，彼时他已经开始发表诗歌与文学作品。)”可推断，他的求学之路虽历经艰难，但他最终克服了困难并有所成就。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“UnliketheBrothersGrimm,whocollectedfolktales,Andersenwroteoriginalstoriesinaneveryday,spokenstyle,asifaddressingachild.(格林兄弟搜集民间故事，和他们不同，安徒生以日常口语化的风格创作原创故事，仿佛在对着一个孩子娓娓讲述。)”可知，安徒生童话和格林兄弟作品的区别是它们是口语风格的原创故事。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beneaththeirseeminglysimplesurface,histalestalkaboutsociety’sproblems,makefunoftheworld,andshowemotionaldepth.Thisuniqueblendallowshisstoriestoappealtoandchallengereadersofallages,securinghistimelesslegacy.(在看似浅显的表层之下，他的童话探讨社会问题、调侃世间百态，并且饱含深厚的情感。这种独特的融合让他的故事既能吸引各个年龄段的读者，又引人深思，成就了他永恒的文学遗产。)”可知，安徒生童话能吸引各个年龄段读者是因为简单表层之下蕴含更深层含义。Armwrestling(扳手腕)wasoneofmyfavoritewaysofplayingwithmybrothersgrowingup.Itallowedmyyoungerbrotherandmetotestourstrengthwithoutgettingtackled.Ialsoputupagoodfightwhenarmwrestingwithmyolderbrotherandhisfriends.Theirgreaterstrengthandexperiencemadethechallengeevenmoreinteresting.Everymatchseemedtoendinagoodlaugh,nomatterwhowon.NowI’mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.Whenhumansandotheranimalsplay,theyarebuildingtrustwithsiblingsandfriends.Theylearnhowfartheycanpushtheirpartnersbeforeanyonebecomesangryorphysicallyhurt.That’scalled“testingboundaries.”Olderplaymatesmayself-handicap,appearingtobelesscompetentthantheyreallyaretohelpyoungerplayerslearnskillsandexploretheirabilities.Playoffersasafespace,whereeveryoneknowstherulesandcanexperimentwithnewwaystomove,think,andrespondtoothers.Overthepast30years,I’velearnedalotaboutplaybywatchingyoungmaleelephantstesttheirstrengththroughsparring(拳击)gameswiththeirfriendsandsuperiors.Groupsparringmatchesarecommonatsunset,whenseveraldifferentelephantfamiliesshowupatthewaterholetodrink.Aftertheinitialexcitementofthearrivalandagoodlongdrink,youngmalesslipawayfromthesidesoftheirwatchfulmomsandauntstoformsparringrings.Aneldersistermakessurethattheplayingdoesn’tgetoutofhand,sosheiseverpresentwithatrunkonthebackorovertheheadtocalmtheenthusiasm.Thatway,theyoungermalesdon’tenduponthebottomofthepile.Watchingyoungelephantssparremindsmethatplayshouldbepartofoureverydayschedule—thelessstructure,thebetter.8.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioninghis/herchildhoodexperience?A.Winningisnotthetruemeaningofplay. B.Childrenprefertoplaytraditionalgames.C.Playisessentialinchildren’sdevelopment. D.Armwrestlingisasafewaytoteststrength.9.Whatbenefitofplaydoestheauthoremphasize?A.Itbringsfun. B.Itenablesboundarybreaking.C.Itsettlesconflicts. D.Itdevelopssocializingskills.10.Howdoolderplaymateshelptheyoungertolearnduringplaytime?A.Bypretendingtobeweaker. B.Bywarningthemofrisks.C.Bytestingtheircompetence. D.Byteachingnecessaryskills.11.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheelephant’ssparringgames?A.Safeandfair. B.Notstrictlycontrolled.C.Well-organized. D.Highlycompetitive.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了扳手腕这一游戏在作者成长过程中的意义，以及玩耍对于人类和动物社交、学习技能、建立信任等方面的重要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Armwrestling(扳手腕)wasoneofmyfavoritewaysofplayingwithmybrothersgrowingup.Itallowedmyyoungerbrotherandmetotestourstrengthwithoutgettingtackled.Ialsoputupagoodfightwhenarmwrestlingwithmyolderbrotherandhisfriends.Theirgreaterstrengthandexperiencemadethechallengeevenmoreinteresting.Everymatchseemedtoendinagoodlaugh,nomatterwhowon.(扳手腕是我小时候与兄弟们玩耍的最爱之一。它让我和弟弟能够测试我们的力量，而又不会真的动手打架。在与哥哥和他的朋友们扳手腕时，我也会全力以赴。他们更强的力量和丰富的经验使得这场较量更加有趣。无论谁赢，每场比赛似乎都以欢声笑语告终。)”以及第二段“NowI’mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.(如今，我是一名研究野生动物的科学家。我发现，玩耍是社交的一种绝佳方式；玩耍的意义远不止于娱乐和游戏。)”可知，文章开头作者先讲述了自己小时候与兄弟们扳手腕的经历，描述了当时玩扳手腕不管谁赢大家最后都会开心大笑的场景。接着引出后文自己作为研究野生动物的科学家，阐述关于玩耍在社交等方面的重要意义。由此可推测，作者提及童年经历是为了引出玩耍这个话题，进而说明玩耍对于成长发展有着诸多重要作用，就像小时候玩耍给自己带来的种种积极影响一样，所以其目的是想表明玩耍在儿童发展中是至关重要的。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“NowI’mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.(如今，我是一名研究野生动物的科学家。我发现，玩耍是社交的一种绝佳方式；玩耍的意义远不止于娱乐和游戏。)”可知，作者认为玩耍是一种很好的社交方式。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Olderplaymatesmayself-handicap,appearingtobelesscompetentthantheyreallyaretohelpyoungerplayerslearnskillsandexploretheirabilities.(年长的玩伴可能会自我设限，表现得比自己实际的能力要差，以帮助年轻的玩伴学习技能并探索自己的能力。)”可知，年长玩伴是通过假装自己比较弱来帮助年幼者学习的。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Aneldersistermakessurethattheplayingdoesn’tgetoutofhand,sosheiseverpresentwithatrunkonthebackorovertheheadtocalmtheenthusiasm.Thatway,theyoungermalesdon’tenduponthebottomofthepile.(一位年长的姐姐会确保玩耍不会失控，所以她总是用鼻子搭在背上或头上，以平息大家的热情。这样，年轻的雄性大象就不会在打斗中处于下风。)”可知，有年长的姐姐在旁边确保玩耍不会失控，用象鼻放在后背或者头上来平息过于高涨的热情，以防年幼的雄性大象陷入危险境地，但并没有严格的、完整细致的管控体系，整体来说大象的拳击游戏不是严格被控制的。故选B。GreenlandistheplaceonlandthatisclosesttotheNorthPoleintheworld.Attractedbythebeautifulicyscenery,thenumberoftouristsvisitingthecountryincreasedby46%between2018and2023.Meanwhileontheoppositesideoftheplanet,Antarcticaisseeingasimilartourismincrease.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)reportsasteady(稳步的)riseinvisitorssincethe1990s—adiretourismphenomenonforenvironmentalistswhowarnthathumanscandestroyfragile(脆弱的)ecosystems,influenceanimalbehaviourandbringnon-nativespecieswiththem.Theattractionofthepolarregionsisobvious:thestrengthoftheblueskyonafreezing,sunnyday;theexcitementofwalkingonfreshsnow;andtheuniquewildlifethatcallstheseplaceshome.However,astourismtothepolesincreases,organisationsliketheArcticCouncilandVisitGreenlandstresstheneedtobalanceeconomicbenefitswithenvironmentalresponsibility.JamesGrecian,anoceanicecologist,hasspentyearsstudyingpolarwildlife.Lastyear,hewasinAntarcticastudyingsnowpetrels(雪鹱)—ormorespecifically,theirvomit(呕吐物).Snowpetrelshavestomachoilthatturnsintosolidpieces.Whenscientistsstudythesepieces,theycanlearnhowthepetrels’diethaschangedovertheyearsandwhatthatmeansforthelocalecosystem.Grecianexplainsthatbytakingsamplesfromtheenvironmentoranimals,wecanlearnalotaboutpastconditions.Forexample,scientistscancollectbaleenplates(鲸须板)fromdeadwhalestoseewhatthewhalesateandwheretheylived.Grecianknowshowspecialtheseplacesareandhowmuchtheyareaffected.Hebelievesweshouldacttohelpprotecttheseimportantbutthreatenedareas.Polartourismisgrowing,buthehopesthatwithmoreawarenessofitsproblems,visitorscanmakebetterchoices.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dire”inparagraph1mean?A.Amazing. B.Alarming. C.Confusing. D.Misleading.13.Whydoestheauthormentionbaleenplatesinparagraph3?A.Toexplainwhaleprotectionpractice.B.Toshareanexploringexperience.C.Todescribetheappearanceofwhales.D.Toshowhowscientistsgatherinformation.14.WhichwillGrecianprobablyagreewith?A.Polartourismshouldbeencouraged.B.Scientistsshouldbemoreawareoftheproblems.C.Visitorsshouldbemoreenvironmentallyresponsible.D.Climatechangeistoblameforthenegativechanges.15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.PolarRegions:BeautyandtheWildB.PolarTour:PopularityandDevelopmentC.PolarTourism:GrowthandConcernsD.PolarWildlife:ProtectionandChallenges【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了格陵兰岛和南极洲等极地地区旅游业的增长现象，以及这种增长对脆弱生态系统可能带来的负面影响。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“warnthathumanscandestroyfragile(脆弱的)ecosystems,influenceanimalbehaviourandbringnon-nativespecieswiththem(警告说，人类会破坏脆弱的生态系统，影响动物的行为，并带来非本地物种)”可知，这种旅游现象是极可怕的，dire意为“极可怕的”，和Alarming意思相近。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Grecianexplainsthatbytakingsamplesfromtheenvironmentoranimals,wecanlearnalotaboutpastconditions.Forexample,scientistscancollectbaleenplates(鲸须板)fromdeadwhalestoseewhatthewhalesateandwheretheylived.(Grecian解释说，通过对环境或动物进行采样，我们可以了解到很多关于过去状况的信息。例如，科学家可以从死去的鲸鱼身上收集鲸须板，以此来了解这些鲸鱼的食物来源以及它们曾经的生活区域。)”可知，作者在第3段提到鲸须板是为了展示科学家是如何收集信息的。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hebelievesweshouldacttohelpprotecttheseimportantbutthreatenedareas.Polartourismisgrowing,buthehopesthatwithmoreawarenessofitsproblems,visitorscanmakebetterchoices.(他认为我们应该采取行动，帮助保护这些重要但受到威胁的地区。极地旅游正在增长，但他希望随着人们对极地问题的更多认识，游客可以做出更好的选择。)”可知，Grecian可能会同意的观点是游客应该对环境更负责任。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Attractedbythebeautifulicyscenery,thenumberoftouristsvisitingthecountryincreasedby46%between2018and2023.Meanwhileontheoppositesideoftheplanet,Antarcticaisseeingasimilartourismincrease.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)reportsasteady(稳步的)riseinvisitorssincethe1990s—adiretourismphenomenonforenvironmentalistswhowarnthathumanscandestroyfragile(脆弱的)ecosystems,influenceanimalbehaviourandbringnon-nativespecieswiththem.(受美丽冰川景色的吸引，在2018年至2023年期间，前往该国旅游的游客数量增长了46%。与此同时，在地球的另一端，南极洲的旅游业也呈现出类似的增长态势。国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）报告称，自20世纪90年代以来，游客数量一直在稳步增长——对于环保人士而言，这是一个严峻的旅游现象，他们警告称，人类可能会破坏脆弱的生态系统、影响动物行为，并携带非本地物种进入这些地区。)”可知，本文主要讲述了格陵兰岛和南极洲等极地地区旅游业的增长现象，以及这种增长对脆弱生态系统可能带来的负面影响，因此最恰当的标题是C选项“PolarTourism:GrowthandConcerns(极地旅游：增长与担忧)”。故选C。二、七选五HowtoFallAsleepinFiveMinutesManypeoplelieawakeforalongtimeatnight,strugglingtofallasleepquickly.____16____,andthekeyoftenliesinafewsimplechangesthatyoucaneasilymaketoyourdailylife.Gettingnaturallightintoyoureyesfirstthinginthemorningisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimproveyoursleep.RussellFoster,anOxfordprofessor,explainsthatmorninglightshiftsyourbodyclockearlier,makingyoufeelsleepieratbedtime.____17____.Thissimplechangesignalstoyourbodythatthecountdowntosleephasbegun,creatinganaturalpatternthatimprovessleepquality.Daytimehabitscountjustasmuch.Ashortafternoonsleepcanimproveyourfocus,butkeepitunder20minutesandnotwithinsixhoursofbedtime.____18____.Similarly,doingvigorousexercisewithinoneortwohoursofbedtimecandelayyoursleep.____19____.Researchsuggestsagoodmattressandproperbeddingcanconductheatawayfromthebody,loweringcoretemperature.Besides,keepingyourbedroomcool,quiet,darkandcalmcanalsogreatlyimproveyourchancesofarestfulnight.Finally,stressisapowerfulenemyofsleep.Manypeoplewhostruggletofallasleepareactuallysufferingfromanxiety.____20____.Simpleactivitieslikereading,breathingslowlyorfocusingonthefeelofyourblanketcancalmyourmind.Avoidingphonesbeforebedisalsowise,notbecauseofthelight,butbecausewhatyouseeonthemmaycausestress.A.YoursleepenvironmentmattersmorethanyoumightthinkB.ThegoodnewsisthatfallingasleepfastisaskillthatcanbelearnedC.GettingbrightlightintheeveningcanhelpyoustayawakelongeratnightD.Mindfulnesstechniquescanhelpreducedaytimestress,whichisamajorcauseofpoorsleepE.Ifyousleeptoolongortooclosetobedtime,youmayfindithardertofallasleepatnightF.TakingashortwalkoutdoorswithoutsunglassesinthemorningisanexcellentwaytoachievethisG.Stressissomethingyousimplyhavetolivewith,sincethereisnoeffectivewaytocalmyourmindbeforebed【答案】16.B17.F18.E19.A20.D【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍了几个有助于人们在五分钟内快速入睡的简单日常方法。【16题详解】上文“Manypeoplelieawakeforalongtimeatnight,strugglingtofallasleepquickly.(很多人晚上会长时间躺在床上睡不着，难以快速入睡。)”提出很多人饱受难以快速入睡的困扰这一问题，B选项“Thegoodnewsisthatfallingasleepfastisaskillthatcanbelearned(好消息是，快速入睡是一项可以学会的技能)”承接上文，转折引出好消息，说明快速入睡是可习得的技能，衔接下文“andthekeyoftenliesinafewsimplechangesthatyoucaneasilymaketoyourdailylife.(而关键往往在于你可以轻松对日常生活做出的一些简单改变。)”，自然引出后文的具体方法，上下文语意衔接顺畅。【17题详解】上文“RussellFoster,anOxfordprofessor,explainsthatmorninglightshiftsyourbodyclockearlier,makingyoufeelsleepieratbedtime.(牛津大学教授拉塞尔·福斯特解释说，晨光会把你的生物钟提前，让你在睡觉时间更困。)”点明晨间光照对调整生物钟、助力睡眠的作用，F选项“Takingashortwalkoutdoorswithoutsunglassesinthemorningisanexcellentwaytoachievethis(早上不戴太阳镜在户外短途散步是实现这一点的绝佳方式)”中“this”指代上文提到的“让晨光调整生物钟、帮你在睡前产生困意”这件事，给出了接触晨光的具体做法，同时衔接后文“Thissimplechangesignalstoyourbodythatthecountdowntosleephasbegun...(这个简单的改变会向你的身体发出信号，表明睡眠倒计时已经开始……)”，句中“Thissimplechange”就指代F选项中晨间户外散步的做法，逻辑连贯。【18题详解】上文“Ashortafternoonsleepcanimproveyourfocus,butkeepitunder20minutesandnotwithinsixhoursofbedtime.(午后小睡可以提升注意力，但要控制在20分钟以内，且不能在距离睡前六小时内小睡。)”给出了午后小睡的时长、时间禁忌，E选项“Ifyousleeptoolongortooclosetobedtime,youmayfindithardertofallasleepatnight(如果你睡太久，或是离睡觉时间太近才睡，你可能会发现晚上更难入睡)”是从反面说明不遵守上述要求的不良后果，和上文的建议形成对应，也衔接下文“Similarly,doingvigorousexercisewithinoneortwohoursofbedtimecandelayyoursleep.(同样，在睡前一到两小时内进行剧烈运动也会推迟你的入睡时间。)”，共同列举不当日常行为对睡眠的负面影响，语意连贯。【19题详解】设空处是本段的总起句，下文“Researchsuggestsagoodmattressandproperbeddingcanconductheatawayfromthebody,lowingcoretemperature.Besides,keepingyourbedroomcool,quiet,darkandcalmcanalsogreatlyimproveyourchancesofarestfulnight.(研究表明，好的床垫和合适的床上用品可以将热量从身体带走，降低核心体温。此外，保持卧室凉爽、安静、黑暗、静谧也会大大提升你一夜安睡的概率。)”介绍了床垫床品、卧室环境对睡眠的影响，A选项“Yoursleepenvironmentmattersmorethanyoumightthink(你的睡眠环境比你想象的更重要)”总领全段，点明睡眠环境的重要性，与下文的具体阐述匹配。【20题详解】上文“Finally,stressisapowerfulenemyofsleep.Manypeoplewhostruggletofallasleepareactuallysufferingfromanxiety.(最后，压力是睡眠的一大劲敌。很多难以入睡的人其实正受焦虑困扰。)”点明压力、焦虑是导致睡眠不佳的重要原因，D选项“Mindfulnesstechniquescanhelpreducedaytimestress,whichisamajorcauseofpoorsleep(正念技巧可以帮助减少日间压力，而日间压力是睡眠不佳的主要诱因)”承接上文的“压力”话题，给出缓解压力的方向，衔接下文“Simpleactivitieslikereading,breathingslowlyorfocusingonthefeelofyourblanketcancalmyourmind.(像阅读、缓慢呼吸或者专注感受毯子触感这类简单活动可以让你的思绪平静下来)”，下文列举的正是D选项中“正念技巧”的具体做法，上下文逻辑紧密。三、完形填空（15空）Doves(鸽子)haveanaveragelifeexpectancyofaround20years,butSugar,theoldestlivingdoveincaptivity,lived____21____thatlong.Bornon23June1981,theangelicwhitedovespentmostofhisdays____22____hisowner,77-year-oldDwayneOrender,watchingtheirfavouriteTVprogrammestogetherandlisteningtomusic.“Heseemsveryhappyand____23____,”DwaynetoldGuinnessWorldRecords.“Overtheyears,hehasdevelopedadeep____24____withme—heandIarebestfriends.”ThepairweresoclosethatwhenDwaynefellseriouslyillandwasadmittedtothe____25____inNashville,Sugar____26____somuchthathejustlayonthefloorofhiscage,refusingtoeat.Thelittlebird,usuallysolively,became____27____andstill.Oncehishumanfinallycameback,however,hewasbackto____28____,eatingwiththedelightofreunion.“IhadtogobacktoNashvilleforarecording____29____andleftSugarwithmymom,”Dwayne____30____anotherpainfulseparation.“ShecalledmeduringtheeventandsaidSugarjustlayonthefloorandwouldn’tgetup.Hewas____31____waitingforme!WhenIgotback,heateasif____32____losttime.”Sugar____33____thepreviousrecordbyover15years.Dwaynedreamedofhisbelovedpet____34____age50,imaginingagrandparty.Sadly,SugarpassedawayonEasterSunday.Yetheliveson—inDwayne’sheartandinthe____35____ofhisfamily.21.A.twice B.half C.almost D.just22.A.beyond B.opposite C.alongside D.behind23.A.content B.confused C.generous D.passive24.A.base B.balance C.habit D.friendship25.A.court B.hospital C.apartment D.studio26.A.ached B.slept C.suffered D.moved27.A.active B.gentle C.noisy D.silent28.A.normal B.business C.reality D.nature29.A.event B.adventure C.collection D.performance30.A.announced B.caused C.avoided D.recalled31.A.positively B.calmly C.anxiously D.confidently32.A.gettingover B.makingupfor C.lettinggoof D.cuttingbackon33.A.broke B.set C.challenged D.held34.A.celebrating B.acquiring C.reaching D.honoring35.A.lives B.memories C.stories D.thoughts【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.C27.D28.A29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】鸽子休格与主人感情深厚，打破圈养鸽子长寿纪录。休格离世，但它永远留在主人与家人的记忆之中。【21题详解】考查副词。句意：鸽子的平均寿命约20岁，但现存最长寿的圈养鸽子休格的寿命是这个数字的两倍。A.twice两倍；B.half一半；C.almost几乎；D.just仅仅。根据前文“Doves(鸽子)haveanaveragelifeexpectancyofaround20years”以及后文“Bornon23June1981”可算出它寿命约为20岁的2倍，twice符合长寿的语境。【22题详解】考查介词。句意：这只天使般的白鸽出生于1981年6月23日，一生中大部分时光都陪伴着它77岁的主人德韦恩・奥伦德，他们一起看最喜欢的电视节目、听音乐。A.beyond超过；B.opposite在……对面；C.alongside在……旁边，陪伴；D.behind在……后面。根据后文“watchingtheirfavouriteTVprogrammestogetherandlisteningtomusic”可知，此处指鸽子陪伴主人，在其身旁。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：“它看起来十分快乐且满足，”德韦恩告诉吉尼斯世界纪录。A.content满足的；B.confused困惑的；C.generous慷慨的；D.passive被动的。根据并列形容词“happy”以及语境可知，此处表达鸽子状态很好，content和happy语义相近，符合语境。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：多年来，它和我建立了深厚的友谊——它和我是最好的朋友。A.base基础；B.balance平衡；C.habit习惯；D.friendship友谊。根据后文“heandIarebestfriends”可知，bestfriends提示二者之间是友谊，friendship是语义对应词。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：这一对关系十分亲密，当德韦恩重病住进纳什维尔的医院时，休格十分痛苦，趴在笼子地板上不肯进食。A.court法庭；B.hospital医院；C.apartment公寓；D.studio工作室。根据前文“Dwaynefellseriouslyill”以及常识可知，生病要住院，hospital符合语境。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：这一对关系十分亲密，当德韦恩重病住进纳什维尔的医院时，休格十分痛苦，趴在笼子地板上不肯进食。A.ached疼痛；B.slept睡觉；C.suffered受苦；D.moved移动。根据后文“hejustlayonthefloorofhiscage,refusingtoeat”可知，此处指鸽子因为主人离开而难受受苦。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：这只平日里活泼的小鸟变得安静、一动不动。A.active活跃的；B.gentle温和的；C.noisy吵闹的；D.silent沉默的。根据前文“usuallysolively”以及并列形容词“still”可知，此处和平时活泼形成对比，指变得沉默安静。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：然而一旦它的人类最终回来，它就恢复常态，带着重逢的喜悦进食。A.normal常态；B.business生意；C.reality现实；D.nature自然。根据前文“Oncehishumanfinallycameback”以及however的转折语义可知，此处指曾经鸽子情绪低落不吃东西，主人回来就恢复往日状态，backtonormal是固定搭配，意为“恢复正常”。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：“我当时必须回纳什维尔参加一个录制活动，把休格留给我妈妈照看，”德韦恩回忆起另一次痛苦的分离经历。A.event活动；B.adventure冒险；C.collection收集；D.performance表演。根据后文“Shecalledmeduringtheevent”可知，此处指参加一个录制活动，event是原词复现。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：“我当时必须回纳什维尔参加一个录制活动，把休格留给我妈妈照看，”德韦恩回忆起另一次痛苦的分离经历。A.announced宣布；B.caused造成；C.avoided避免；D.recalled回忆。根据后文“anotherpainfulseparation”以及语境可知，本段是主人回想过去的一件往事，recalled表示回忆往事。【31题详解】考查副词。句意：它正焦急地等着我！A.positively积极地；B.calmly冷静地；C.anxiously焦急地；D.confidently自信地。根据前文“Sugarjustlayonthefloorandwouldn’tgetup”以及语境可知，此处指鸽子焦急等待主人归来。【32题详解】考查动词短语。句意：当我回来的时候，它大口吃东西，仿佛要弥补逝去的时光。A.gettingover克服；B.makingupfor弥补；C.lettinggoof放手；D.cuttingbackon削减。根据前文“Hewaswaitingforme”以及语境可知，此处指鸽子焦虑等待主人不肯进食，所以主人回来后疯狂进食，makeupforlosttime为固定表达，意为“弥补逝去的时间”。【33题详解】考查动词。句意：休格把此前的纪录提高了15年以上。A.broke打破；B.set创立；C.challenged挑战；D.held持有。根据第一段“butSugar,theoldestlivingdoveincaptivity,livedthatlong”以及语境可知，文章介绍休格是最长寿圈养鸽子，breaktherecord是固定搭配，意为“打破纪录”。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：德韦恩曾梦想他心爱的宠物能活到50岁，想象着办一场盛大的派对。A.celebrating庆祝；B.acquiring获得；C.reaching达到（年龄）；D.honoring尊敬。根据后文“age50”以及语境可知，此处指活到50岁，“reachage+数字”表示“活到多少岁”。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：但它永远活在德韦恩心中，留在全家人的记忆里。A.lives生命；B.memories记忆；C.stories故事；D.thoughts想法。根据前文“SugarpassedawayonEasterSunday”可知，此处指鸽子已经离世，留在家人的记忆中。四、短文填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BorninChinain1911,QianXuesenwasascientist____36____majoredinrailroadengineeringatJiaotongUniversityinShanghaibutswitchedtoaeronautics(航空学)in1935whenhecametotheUnitedStatestopursuegraduatestudies.He____37____(earn)amaster’sdegreein1936fromMITandthenaPhDin1939.Shortlythereafter,heworkedinAmericaandplayedacontributingroleintheAmericanspaceprogram.In1950,____38____(he)req